Ng'ombe za limousin: Ng'ombe zapakhomo

Odziwa bwino nyama za ng'ombe samatha kuthandiza koma kumvetsera zinyama zazikulu monga ng'ombe za Limousin. Paziweto zapadera, nthawi zambiri sagwirizana nazo, koma m'madera akuluakulu amapulazi amakhala otchuka kwambiri.

Kodi nyama zoterezi ndi zotani zomwe muyenera kuzidziwa pazowasamalira - werengani.

Zamkatimu:

• Chiyambi
• Zizindikiro zakunja
• Zisonyezero za Nyama ndi Zakaka
• Mphamvu ndi zofooka
• Kusamalira ndi kusamalira
• Malo ochitira masewera achilimwe
• Kukonzekera malo
• Zomwe amangidwa
• Kuyeretsa kawirikawiri pazitsulo ndi kusungira
• Zimene mungadye
• Chilimwe chikuyenda msipu
• Kusiyanasiyana kwa nyengo yozizira

Mbiri yamabambo ndi kufotokozera

Limousin inasefukira m'madera omwe kale anali Soviet Socialist Republic m'zaka za m'ma 100 zapitazo, pamene minda ina yomwe inabzala ku Brest inayamba kubereka ng'ombezi. Komabe, izi zisanachitike, zinyamazi zinali kale zitadziwika kunja: ku America, Australia, mayiko ena a ku Ulaya.

Chiyambi

Ng'ombe za limousine zimatcha dzina lawo ku chigawo chimodzi cha ku France (Limousin), kumene anabadwira ndi obereketsa m'katikati mwa zaka za zana la 18. Panthawiyi, kuyesedwa kochitidwa kokha pofuna kupeza ng'ombe, zomwe zawonjezeka kupirira ndi kulemera kolemera ndi zakudya zosafunikira. Pakati pa makolo a masiku ano "limousines" ayenera kumvetsera kwa Aquitaine ng'ombe, zomwe nthawi zonse zinkaimira mphamvu ndi chipiriro chake.

Mukudziwa? Mu 1856, ng'ombe za limousine zinalandira buku lawo lozala, ndipo oimira abwino anayamba kutenga nawo mbali pa mawonetsero osiyanasiyana.

Zaka mazana ambiri za ntchito yosasankha sizinali zopanda phindu, ndipo lero zinyama zofotokozedwa zimadziwika ndi zokolola zabwino kwambiri ndi nyama yabwino yomwe ingapikisane ndi kupanga mitundu yayikulu.

Zizindikiro zakunja

Ndizosatheka kusokoneza limousine ndi abambo osowa, chifukwa kuyang'ana kwakukulu kwa nyamazi kumatchula mbiri yawo yakalekale. Mtundu wa abambo a mtunduwo umatulutsa mtundu wonse wa mithunzi ya golide, ndipo thupi limamanga moyang'anizana ndi oimira nyama. Bull limousine zimaswana Kawirikawiri, ng'ombe zam'mimba za limousine zimatha kudziwika pogwiritsa ntchito zizindikiro zotsatirazi:

• Thupi ndilokulu komanso lolimba;
• thupi - kutsogolo pang'ono;
• miyendo ndi yamphamvu, ya kutalika kwapakati;
• mutu ndi waufupi, ndi gawo lalikulu;
• nyanga - kuwala, kochepa, kukula mu njira yakugwa;
• udder - wosasinthika;
• mafuta osokoneza bongo - pang'onopang'ono.

Ali wamkulu, ng'ombe zimakhala 140 masentimita atayima (kulemera kwa makilogalamu 1,200), ndi ng'ombe kufika 130 masentimita pamene amafota ndi kulemera kwa 700 kg. Chifuwa cha abambo ndi masentimita 240, ndipo ng'ombe ndi 200 cm.

Ndikofunikira! Nkhumba ndi mawanga akuda, komabe, ngati malo oyera pa nkhope ya nyama akuonedwa kuti ndi mtundu wa chilema.

Zisonyezero za Nyama ndi Zakaka

Ng'ombe zambiri zimapezeka kuti zikhale ndi nyama zokoma, koma kutulutsa mkaka sizingatchedwe kwambiri. Zotsatira zotsatirazi za zizindikiro za nyama ndi mkaka za mtundu wofotokozedwa zidzakuthandizira kutsimikizira izi:

• zokolola mkaka pachaka - osapitirira 1700 l, ndi mafuta okwana 4.8-5%;
• phindu lolemera - Ng'ombe za tsiku ndi tsiku zimakula kufika 1300 g, koma pakubereka kwake kulemera kwake ndi kochepa ndipo zimangokhala 30-40 kg;
• kupha nyama - mpaka 70% mwa ng'ombe zazikulu (ali ndi zaka 12-14, amunawo amalemera makilogalamu 500);
• khalidwe la nyama - mkulu.

Ngakhale kuti zizindikiro zoperekedwa mkaka sizingatchedwe mkulu, chifukwa cha zinyama za nyama, zimakhala zochititsa chidwi, koma ndikuganiza kuti zitha kubereka ng'ombe zamakono, komabe zimayenera kudalira kwambiri zokolola zawo.

Werengani komanso zokhudzana ndi mitundu ina ya nyama: Mtsinje woyera wa ku Kazakhstan, Hereford, Kalmyk, Highland, buluu wa Belgium.

Mphamvu ndi zofooka

Podziwa mosamala za mtundu wa mtundu wa limousine, n'zosavuta kuona ubwino woweta nyama izi. Choyamba, iwo akuphatikizapo:

• Kukula mofulumira ndi kulemera kwa ng'ombe;
• kupha nyama zabwino;
• ntchito yabwino yobereka;
• Kupewa chitetezo chabwino komanso kuteteza kwambiri matenda a ziweto;
• Ng'ombe za amayi zakulera bwino;
• kudzichepetsa kwa zikhalidwe zomangidwa;
• zida zogwirizana ndi nyengo iliyonse, makamaka, kuthekera kwa nthawi yaitali yozizira bwino;
• kukhazikika momasuka

Phunzirani za mitundu yabwino kwambiri ya ng'ombe ndi mkaka.

Pankhani ya zofooka za abambo, ngati ng'ombe za limousine zimakhala zovuta, zimawonetseratu kuti zimakhala zowawa kwambiri ndi ng'ombe zamphongo komanso khalidwe lachiwawa la amayi pa nthawi ya kulera ana. Kuonjezera apo, kusakasaka pogonana kwa akazi kumakhala kofooka ndipo kawirikawiri n'koyenera kuyitchula mwachidwi, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zovuta zitheke.

Mukudziwa? Kunyumba, ng'ombe nthawi zambiri sizimapereka ana oposa awiri panthawi imodzi, koma malinga ndi mbiri yakale, kumbuyo kwa 1939 ng'ombeyo inabala ana 16, ndipo imodzi yokha inayamba kukhala yokhwima.

Kusamalira ndi kusamalira

Monga tidatchulira poyamba, pakati pa ubwino woweta ng'ombe zamphongo, sizingatheke kuti iwo asadzichepetse. Chinthu chokha chimene inu muyenera kumvetsetsa pakukhazikitsa nkhokwe ndi kuuma, kutentha ndi ukhondo, ndi okhuta okwanira ndi feeders.

Malo ochitira masewera achilimwe

Malo am'mlengalenga a ng'ombe nthawi zambiri amakhala okonzeka kumalo oweta ng'ombe ndikupereka bungwe la zida zofunikira (kwa aliyense payekha). Njirayi ndi yoyenera pa nthawi yoswana nyama kapena pamene famu ili kutali ndi msipu wabwino. Kukhala mu mpweya wabwino tsiku lonse, ng'ombe zimapatsa mkaka wochuluka, ndipo pogona ndi mpanda kuchokera kumbali zingapo zimathandiza kuteteza mvula kapena nyengo zina zosasangalatsa. Odyetserako ziweto Zosankha za malo ogona a chilimwe ndi abwino kwa oimira mtundu wa Limousine, Chinthu chachikulu ndi kupereka ng'ombe kuti zikhale ndi ufulu wopita ku zikhomo ndi odyetsa.

Kukonzekera malo

Ng'ombe za limousin zimangokhala ndi chipinda chachikulu, ndi kukula kwa miyala yosachepera 6-8 mita mamita. m. pa nyama imodzi. Inde, chipinda chonsecho chiyenera kukhala choyera ndi chouma, ndi kukhala ndi malo ogona nthawi zonse. Ndikofunika kuti nkhokweyi ikhale njira yopita kumalo odyetserako ziweto, kumene m'nyengo ya chilimwe ziweto zimatha tsiku lonse, ndipo m'nyengo yozizira nthawi zina zimayenda. Koma odyetsa ndi omwa amamanga m'khola, amatha kukhala osinthika, mwachitsanzo, pafupi ndi malo onse kapena ngati mawotchi omwe ali pafupi ndi ng'ombe iliyonse.

Ndikofunikira! Alimi ena amakhulupirira kuti ng'ombe za limousine sizingasungidwe m'matumba ndipo ayenera kusuntha momasuka m'khola. Pankhaniyi, odyetsa gulu amagawidwa m'maselo pogwiritsa ntchito ndodo zonyamulira, kusiya malo okwanira pakati pawo kotero kuti chinyama chimatha kumangirira mutu wake udzu kapena udzu.

Pa pulasitiki, zipangizo zamakono zimagwiritsidwanso ntchito (udzu kapena utuchi), zomwe zimayikidwa pansi pa konkire ndi masentimita makumi atatu. Miyeso ya khola yopangidwa ndi ng'ombe imodzi

Zomwe amangidwa

Ngakhale kuti limousin imabala ng'ombe zimatengedwa ngati nyama zosasunthika, zomwe zimadziwika ndi mphamvu zogwiritsira ntchito ndondomeko ya ndende, ndibwino kudziŵa za maonekedwe ena:

• Ngati chingwe cha thermometer chikudutsa pansi pa zero, ndi nthawi yosamutsa nyama ku chipinda chozizira (kutentha kwakukulu kwa kusunga ng'ombe za mtundu wofotokozedwa ndi +7 ° C);
• Zojambulazo sizilandiridwa, kotero, kupulumutsa ng'ombe, ndikofunikira kutsekanso ngakhale ming'alu kakang'ono mu nkhokwe;
• Ng'ombe zoyenda zingathe kuchitidwa ngakhale kutentha (mpaka 35 -35 ° C), koma kutulukira kwa nthawi yayitali kumadza ndi chitukuko cha chimfine;
• Chinyezi m'khola ndi Limousines ayenera kukhala osachepera 50%, ndipo chofunikira kwambiri ndikutuluka kwa mpweya wabwino, womwe nthawi zambiri umakhala ndi machitidwe a mpweya wabwino.

Kutentha kwa chilimwe mkhalidwe wa nyengo zam'mlengalenga zakumunda za Limousin zimapititsa patsogolo mosavuta, koma ngati n'kotheka, ndizofunika kumanga malo okhala ndi malo ogona kumene ng'ombe zimatha kuteteza dzuwa. Okumwa amalowetsanso m'malo amenewa, omwe ayenera kukhala odzaza ndi madzi oyera nthawi zonse.

Kuyeretsa kawirikawiri pazitsulo ndi kusungira

Ngati ng ombe zimathera nthawi yawo podyetsa msipu, ndiye kuti malo ogulitsira katundu ndi zipangizo zothandizira zingathe kutsukidwa kamodzi pa sabata. M'nyengo yozizira, kuyeretsa kumafunika kuchitidwa kawirikawiri, chifukwa kusungunuka kwa chimbudzi m'khola sikuvomerezeka. Pambuyo kuyeretsa manyowa musaiwale kulabadira zinyalala, kudyetsa ndi kuthirira. Nthawi zina, malo oyala pansi ayenera kusinthidwa tsiku lililonse kapena kamodzi kamodzi masiku angapo. Kutsekula m'magazi kwa odyetsa chakudya chouma kumachitika kangapo pamwezi, koma omwe akumwa amatsuka kawirikawiri kuti madzi asafalikire ndi kubwezeretsanso tizilombo toyambitsa matenda.

Werengani zambiri za njira zodyetsera ng'ombe ndi zomwe zimadyetserako msipu.

Kuthetsa mankhwala osokoneza bongo kwathunthu kwa nkhokwe, ndikuchiritsidwa ndi makoma ndi malo ena onse amachitika kangapo pachaka, makamaka pa malo akuluakulu a famu, opangidwa ndi zinyama zambiri.

Zimene mungadye

Palibe chakudya chapadera cha limousine chinyama sichifunika, ndipo iwo amatha kulemera kwambiri pa zakudya zosakaniza, udzu ndi udzu. Komabe, pokonzekera zakudya, ndizofunikira kuganizira nyengo kuti mupereke thupi la nyama ndi zowonjezereka zowonjezera zinthu ndi mavitamini.

Chilimwe chikuyenda msipu

Ng'ombe imodzi ya mtundu uwu tsiku lililonse imakhala pafupifupi 50-70 makilogalamu a chakudya, chimene chimamveketsedwa ndi kulemera kwa phindu lofulumira. M'chilimwe, gawo la mkango la mtengo umenewu ndilodzadzulidwa ndi udzu, zomwe zimapezeka mosavuta kudyetsa msipu. Chinthu chofunika kwambiri kumvetsera ndi kupezeka kwa zinthu zakunja mu malo osankhidwa ngati mawotchi apulasitiki, mapepala ndi zinyalala zomwe zingagwiritsidwe ntchito m'thupi la nyama. Kuwonjezera pa udzu watsopano, ndi bwino kupereka ng'ombe za Limousin pafupifupi 3 makilogalamu a udzu (pa tsiku pa tsiku) ndi 2 makilogalamu, ndikuwonjezera chakudya ndi mizu (zimathandiza makamaka kupereka kaloti, beets, Yerusalemu atitchoku ndi mbatata).

Ndikofunikira! Musanayambe kupereka zamasamba ayenera kutsukidwa bwino ndi kuyeretsedwa pakhungu, ndipo kuti thupi lanu lizikhala bwino, mukhoza kuwiritsa.

Kumwa zakumwa za ng'ombe nthawi zonse zimadzaza madzi abwino komanso abwino, koma ngati ng'ombe zili kutali ndi nyumba, zimamwe madzi kawiri pa tsiku, pamtunda wa 70-80 malita a madzi pa ng'ombe. Amayi apakati amafunika madzi nthawi zambiri, choncho amapatsidwa madzi katatu patsiku.

Kusiyanasiyana kwa nyengo yozizira

Kusiyana kwakukulu pa chakudya cha chisanu ndi kusowa kwa udzu watsopano, womwe nthawi zambiri umakhala m'malo mwa udzu, koma panthawi imodzimodziyo sipangakhale makilogalamu khumi a chakudya chotere pa tsiku pa ng'ombe. Ngati n'kotheka, mukhoza kusakaniza ndi udzu wa oat, zomwe zimakonda kwambiri ng'ombe za limousin. Choncho, mukhoza kuchepetsa mtengo wa chakudya. Bychkov, yomwe mlimi akukonzekera posachedwa kutumiza kukapha, amasungidwa m'matumba osiyana, osachepera, koma nthawi zonse amayenda. Gawo lalikulu la chakudya chawo ndi chakudya chokwanira (pafupifupi 6 makilogalamu pamutu), masamba a vwende (pafupifupi ndowa ziwiri patsiku), udzu. Ngakhale kuti ndalama zogulira zakudyazi ndizofunika kwambiri, nyama zimakula mofulumira ndipo izi zimatsimikizira njira yotere ya fattening. Ambiri amphongo amapita kukaphedwa ali ndi miyezi 11-12, ndi thupi lolemera 700-800 kg.

Ponena za madzi, m'nyengo yozizira, mtundu umodzi wa Limousin umabala pafupifupi 45-50 malita.

Pezani chomwe chimapangitsa kulemera kwa ng'ombe.

Zakudya zowonjezera za ng'ombe zamakono pa moyo wawo ndi izi:

• pa msinkhu wa msinkhu, mwana wang'ombe amadyetsa colostrum;
• kuchokera mwezi wachiwiri wa moyo wake anapatsidwa udzu ndi ndiwo zamasamba (pamodzi 500 g), komanso 100 g ya osakaniza osakaniza pa tsiku (mkaka wa amayi akadali chiyambi cha zakudya zake ndipo amamwa madzi okwanira 10 malita patsiku);
• m'mwezi wachitatu wa moyo, gawo la mkaka limachepetsedwa kufika 5 malita patsiku, pamene kuchuluka kwa udzu, ndiwo zamasamba ndi zosakaniza zomwe zimapangidwa kumawonjezeka kufika 1.5, 2 kg ndi 300 magalamu;
• Pafupifupi theka la chaka, amphongo amapititsidwa ku chakudya chachikulu, kuwapatsa 3 kg ya udzu, makilogalamu 4 a mbewu zazu ndi 1 makilogalamu a tirigu osakaniza tsiku;
• Pambuyo pa miyezi 7-8, achinyamata amatha kudya udzu wochuluka monga momwe amafunira, ndipo chakudya chawo chonse chimaphatikizidwa ndi makilogalamu 10 (zamasamba) komanso 2 kg ya kusakaniza tirigu;
• m'tsogolo, chiwerengero cha ndiwo zamasamba chiwonjezeka kufika 12-15 makilogalamu pa tsiku, chimakula kufika 5 makilogalamu, ndipo chakudya chonsecho chidzakhala ndi udzu ndi silage m'nyengo yozizira kapena udzu watsopano m'chilimwe.

Chinthu chachikulu cha zinthu zopindulitsa kwa ana aamuna pakati pa mavwende ndi matumba adzakhala dzungu ndi zukini, ndipo pakati pazuzu mbewu beets ndi kaloti zimayenera kusamala kwambiri. M'nyengo yozizira, masamba ena amatha kusinthidwa ndi haylage kapena silage, zomwe nyama zimadya mosasaka.

Ndikofunikira! Mitengo ya gobies imakhala yolemera mofulumira, koma panthawi yomweyi nyama yawo imakhala yochuluka kwambiri kuposa ya amuna osapangidwa.

Ng'ombe za limousin ndi njira yabwino yosamalirako kuti mupeze nyama yochuluka yokoma, koma kuti izi zitheke, muyenera kuyesetsa kusamalira ndi kudyetsa ziweto za mtundu umenewu, ndikusiya kuwonjezera mkaka wambiri wa mkaka. zosowa zake).