Actinidia ndi mtengo wolonjeza wabwino wa mabulosi kuti azilima bwino. Zipatso zake zimayamikiridwa chifukwa cha kukoma kwawo kwapamwamba komanso mavitamini ambiri, makamaka ascorbic acid. Chomera choyipa kwambiri ichi chimakongoletsa malowa, makamaka mitundu yosiyanasiyana. Mitundu ina ya Actinidia ndi yozizira kwambiri, pomwe ina imatha kuchita bwino munkhokwe.
Actinidia - Vitamini Liana
Mitundu yonse ya actinidia ndi mipesa yamitengo yopanda zachilengedwe yopezeka ku nkhalango zotentha za ku East Asia. Ku Russia Far East, mitundu inayi ya Actinidia imamera mopanda: colomict, polygamum, mkangano ndi Giraldi.
Mbiri ya kulima kwa Actinidia
Ku Russia, kulima mitundu yakum'mawa kwa Asia ya mtundu wa Actinidia kudayamba chakumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma 1800. Wopanga mitundu yoyambirira yanyumba anali woyamba Ivan Vladimirovich Michurin.
Chinese actinidia adakulitsa kale m'minda yaku China, koma adangokhala chikhalidwe wamba. Kumayambiriro kwa zaka za XX, adapita ku New Zealand, komwe mitundu yayikulu-zipatso yayikulu idapangidwa, yomwe idalandira dzina la malonda "kiwi".
Zipatso za Kiwi zitha kuwoneka m'misika iliyonse.
Mitundu ndi mitundu ya Actinidia
Pali mitundu ingapo ya actinidia yokhala ndi zipatso.
Mitundu yayikulu kwambiri yokhala ndi zipatso ya ku China yotchedwa actinidia (kiwi), komanso yamitundu yambiri yolimba yozizira, actinidia bopu ndi mitundu yofiirira ya actinidia.
Pazogulitsa, ambiri opanga zinthu zodzala amagwiritsa ntchito mayina okongola "Arctic kiwi", "ki-hardy kiwi", "mini-kiwi" ndi zina zambiri m'mabuku awo otsatsa, pomwe mitundu yotsutsana ndi actinidia imabisidwa.
Actinidia colomict ndi kutsutsana (kanema)
Mitundu yolimbana ndi chisanu kwambiri mu actinidia colomict. Actinidia wotsutsana ndi mitala sangathe kupirira chisanu mu Far East, pomwe chipale chofewa chimakhala nthawi yonse yozizira ndipo ngakhale kutentha kumasungidwa popanda thaws yozizira. Nyengo yotentha ya ku Europe yokhala ndi kusiyana kwakuthwa kwa kutentha kumapangitsa kuti iwo asachoke mokhazikika ndipo kenako amawuma pomwe kuzizira kumayambiranso.
Chinese actinidia (Actinidia wokonda, kiwi)
Kwawo - nkhalango zamapiri za subtropical China. M'chilengedwe mumafika kutalika kwa 10-20 metres. Masamba ndiwotambalala-kovunda, kokulirapo, kutengera mitundu, akhoza kukhala ndi mphako kumapeto kwake kapena ndi nsonga yolowera. Pofika maluwa, maluwa amakhala oyera kapena zonona, kenako pang'onopang'ono amasanduka achikasu. Masitepe achikasu. Zipatso ndizopanda mawonekedwe, zomwe zimakhala zowunduka zofiirira, zimakhala zobiriwira mkati ngakhale zitakhwima kwathunthu. Kulemera kwa chipatso kumayambira 30 g m'minda zamtchire mpaka 100-150 g m'mitundu yolimidwa. Zipatso zosapsa zimasungidwa bwino komanso zimatha kunyamulidwa, ndiye m'chipinda chofunda zimakhwima mosavuta kuti zitheke.
Kiwi - Chitchaina cha China
- Masamba a Chinese Actinidia (Kiwi)
- Maluwa achikazi a Chinese actinidia (kiwi)
- Maluwa achi China Actinidia Maluwa (Kiwi)
- Actinidia (Kiwi) Allison
- Actinidia (Kiwi) Russian Hayward
- Actinidia (Kiwi) Monti S
- Actinidia (Kiwi) Kivaldi
Pali mitundu ya ku Russia ya kiwi yodziwika ngati gawo la kumpoto kwa North Caucasus. Onsewa ndi opanda chinyengo ndipo amafunika pollinator. Kunja kwa madambo, sikuti ndi nyengo yozizira.
Kufotokozera ndi mawonekedwe a mitundu ya kiwi (tebulo)
| Mutu | Kukula kwa zipatso | Mawonekedwe | Chiyambi cha mitundu |
| Hayward Russian | 90-130 g | Chowawa chakumapeto, kutsekemera komanso wowawasa, ndi kununkhira wamba kwa kiwi | Russia, Sochi, All-Russian Research Institute of Floriculture ndi Subtropical Crops |
| Monty s | 64-85 g | Nyengo yapakatikati, kununkhira wowawasa, wokhala ndi fungo la chinanazi | |
| Allison | 55-65 g | Kucha koyamba, kukoma kokoma, ndi fungo la chamois | |
| Kivaldi | 75-100 g | Kukomoka pang'ono, wowawasa wowawasa, wokhala ndi zonunkhira wamba za kiwi |
Actinidia Kukangana (pachimake Actinidia), purpurea ndi Giraldi
Mitundu itatuyi imakhala yoyandikana kwambiri komanso yosakanikirana, kotero ena opanga mankhwala amaphatikiza amtundu umodzi - lingaliro la actinid (acute actinidia).
Mphepo zazitali mamita 15-30. Masamba ndi Rhomboid-chowulungika ndi nsonga yakuthwa. Maluwa ndi oyera, stamens ndi yakuda. Maluwa mu June, kucha zipatso mu Seputembala - Okutobala. Zipatsozo ndizopanda, nthawi zina ndimakhala ndi mphuno yaying'ono. Khungu limakhala losalala, popanda pubescence. Mu Actinidia aimurea ndi ma hybrids omwe amatenga nawo mbali, akakhwima, zipatso zimasanduka zofiirira, mu actinidia, zotsutsana ndi Giraldi zimakhalabe zobiriwira. Kupanga kuchokera 1 mpaka 20 kg pa chitsamba chilichonse.
Actinidia Argument (Zithunzi Zithunzi)
- Masamba a Actinidia Mkangano
- Amuna kutsutsana actinidia maluwa
- Chikazi chimatsutsana maluwa
- Actinidia mkangano Issei
- Actinidia kutsutsana Geneva
- Actinidia Argument Kiev Krupnoplodnaya
- Actinidia kutsutsana Kokuva
- Madimba a Actinidia Argument Purple
- Actinidia Argument September (Emerald)
Kufotokozera ndi mawonekedwe a mitundu ya actinidia kutsutsana (tebulo)
| Mutu | Kukula kwa zipatso | Mawonekedwe | Chiyambi cha mitundu |
| Munda Wofiirira | pafupifupi 5.5 g | Kucha kumapeto kwa Seputembala. Mu zipatso zakupsa, mnofu ndi khungu ndi utoto wowala. Gawo lakumwera | Ukraine |
| Kiev Yaikulu-zipatso | 15-18 g | Zipatso zake zimakhala zobiriwira, nthawi zina zimakhala zofiirira pang'ono, zipsa kumapeto kwa Seputembara. Gawo lakumwera | |
| Issei | 5-8 g | Zipatso zake ndizobiriwira. Zodzipukuta pang'ono. Kwachedwa kwambiri, kucha mu Okutobala. Zofooka | Japan |
| Kakhala | 5-10 g | Zipatso zake ndizobiriwira. Zodzipukuta pang'ono. Chimacha kumapeto kwa Seputembara - Okutobala. Zofooka | |
| Geneva | 6-9 g | Zipatso zake zimakhala zobiriwira pang'ono pang'ono. Mitundu yoyambirira (koyambirira kwa Seputembala), yozizira kwambiri | Amereka |
| September (Emerald) | 7-10 g | Zipatso zake ndizobiriwira, zipsa kumayambiriro kwa Seputembala. Zosiyanasiyana zimakhala zozizira pang'ono | Ukraine |
Zosiyanasiyana zomwe zimatchedwa "Seputembala" zili ndi mfundo zotsutsana za Actinidia ndi colinict. Izi ndi mbewu zosiyana kwathunthu, osakaniza!
Actinidia colomictus
Liana mpaka mita 10-15. Masamba owumbidwa ndi mtima ndi mphini yakuthwa, yosemedwa kwambiri pansi pa tsamba. Pa nthawi yomweyo ndi mawonekedwe a masamba, gawo la masamba limakutidwa ndi masamba oyera kapena oyera-apinki omwe amapitilira chilimwe chonse. Zosiyanasiyana zimadziwonetsa mwamphamvu m'malo opepuka ndi dzuwa. Maluwa ndi oyera, stamens ndi achikaso. Maluwa kumapeto kwa Meyi - June, kucha mu August - September. Zipatso zakupsa zimakhalabe zobiriwira. Zipatso zosapsa ndizolimba komanso zosasweka, zokhwima bwino - zofewa komanso zowonekera. Zikapsa, zipatso zimatha kusweka. Kupanga kuchokera 1 mpaka 5-7 makilogalamu pachitsamba chilichonse. Kwambiri yozizira kwambiri kuposa onse a Actinidia.
Actinidia colomicta (chithunzi chapamwamba)
- Masamba a actinidia colomict amuna osiyanasiyana Adamu
- Male actinidia maluwa
- Maluwa achikazi a actinidia colomict
- Actinidia colomict Anastasia
- Actinidia Colomict Wonunkhira
- Actinidia Colomict Ochuluka
- Actinidia colomictus Gourmet
- Actinidia colomict september
Kufotokozera ndi mawonekedwe a mitundu ya actinidia colomict (tebulo)
| Mutu | Kukula kwa zipatso | Mawonekedwe | Chiyambi cha mitundu |
| Seputembala | 3-4 g | Mid-late (kumapeto kwa Ogasiti - pakati pa Seputembala) | Russia |
| Anastasia | 3 ga | Gulu lakale la I.V. Michurin. Zikupita mu Ogasiti | |
| Zochulukirapo | 2.8-3.2 g | Kucha koyambirira (pakati pa Ogasiti), ndi kununkhira kwa chinanazi | |
| Gourmet | 4-5 g | Mid-msimu (kumapeto kwa Ogasiti), wokhala ndi kununkhira kwa chinanazi | |
| Zonunkhira | 3-4 g | Kucha koyambirira (pakati pa Ogasiti), ndi fungo la nati | |
| Adamu | Kusintha kosiyanasiyana ndi maluwa amphongo, kumabala zipatso | Masamba okongola a pinki ndi oyera |
Polygamous actinidia (wolemba nyumba zingapo)
Liana mpaka mita 5. Masamba amakhala owongoka ndi nsonga yakuthwa, kudula pansi kwa petiole sikumafotokozeredwa. Nthawi yamasamba, masamba ena amakhala okutidwa ndi masamba oyera. Maluwa ndi oyera, stamens ndi achikaso. Maluwa mu June, kucha zipatso mu September. Masamba opsa ndi lalanje wowala, wokhala ndi tsabola woyambirira wa tsabola.
Actinidia polygamum (chithunzi chapamwamba)
- Masamba a actinidia polygam m'malo otetezedwa ndi mawanga oyera
- Maluwa Amuna a Actinidia Polygamum Ophatikizidwa ku Brush
- Akazi a actinidia polygamum amakonzedwa kamodzi
- Zipatso zosapsa za Actinidia polygam apricot
- Pafupifupi zipatso zakupsa za actinidia polygamum Yellow spindle
- Zipatso zamphesa za actinidia polygam
Zipatso zosapsa zimakhala ndi tsabola woyaka wa tsabola, motero zimakololedwa kokha mu kukhwima kwathunthu ngati zimakhala zofewa komanso zowonekera.
Kufotokozera ndi mawonekedwe amitundu ya actinidia polygamum (tebulo)
| Mutu | Kukula kwa zipatso | Mawonekedwe | Chiyambi cha mitundu |
| Apurikoti | 2,9 g pafupifupi | Zipatso za lalanje-lalanje, kukoma kwa tsabola, wopanda kuwawa, ndi fungo la tsabola | Russia, Moscow |
| Msungwana wofiira | 4,4-5.6 g | Zipatsozo ndi lalanje, mwatsopano ndi kukoma kununkhira, ndi fungo labwino la tsabola | |
| Chikwangwani chachikasu | 3.7-6.4 g | Zipatso ndi lalanje, kukoma kwa tsabola wokoma ndi fungo la tsabola | Russia, Vladivostok |
Actinidia polygamum ku Belarus (kanema)
Kufotokozera, kusiyanitsa ndikuwuma kwa nyengo yozizira yamitundu yosiyanasiyana ya Actinidia (tebulo)
| Mutu | Kukula kwa Berry | Zosiyanitsa | Zima hardiness m'chilengedwe |
| Chinese actinidia (Actinidia wokonda, kiwi) | 30-150 g | Masamba ndi otambalala-ovate, okhala ndi mphako kapena nsonga yakuthwa, opanda mawanga. Maluwa amakhala oyera kapena kirimu, kenako amasanduka achikasu. Masitepe achikasu. Zipatso ndizopanda, komanso zowonda zofiirira | -10-15 ° C |
| Kukangana kwa Actinidia, Magenta, Giraldi ndi Ma hybrids awo | 5-18 g | Masamba ndi Rhomboid-oval okhala ndi nsonga yakuthwa, opanda mawanga. Maluwa ndi oyera, stamens ndi yakuda. Zipatso ndizobiriwira kapena zofiirira, zowonda, nthawi zina ndi mphuno yaying'ono, khungu limakhala losalala, popanda pubescence | Mlandu wa Actinidia ndi Giraldi -28-35 ° C, Actinidia wofiirira ndi hybrids mpaka -25 ° C |
| Actinidia colomictus | 3-5 g | Masamba amakhala owumba mtima, nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi mawanga oyera kapena oyera-oyera. Maluwa ndi oyera, stamens ndi achikaso. Zipatsozo zimadutsa popanda mphuno, zosalala, zobiriwira pakukhwima kwathunthu. Ikakhwima, imapasuka | -40-45 ° C |
| Polygamous actinidia (wolemba nyumba zingapo) | 2.9-6.4 g | Masamba amakhala owumba mtima, nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi mawanga oyera. Maluwa ndi oyera, stamens ndi achikaso. Zipatsozo zimakulungidwa ndi mphuno yakuthwa, yosalala, yowala lalanje pakukhwima kwathunthu. Zipatso zosapsa zimakhala ndi tsabola wowonda | -28-35 ° C |
Zambiri za kukula kwa Actinidia m'magawo osiyanasiyana
Chifukwa chake actinidia amakula bwino ndikupereka zipatso zambiri, ndikofunikira kusankha mitundu yomwe ili yoyenera kwambiri m'derali.
Kukula kwa Actinidia ku Urals, Siberia ndi Far East
M'malo ovuta a ku Urals ndi Siberia, okhawo ovuta kwambiri okhazikika bwino kwambiri amakhalapo bwino ndipo amabala zipatso. Ku Far East, mitundu yonse yochokera kunkhalango zoyandikana nayo (actinidia colomicta, polygamum, mkangano ndi Giraldi) ndi mitundu yawo yazikhalidwe zobereketsa ku Far East zimayang'aniridwa bwino. Mitundu ya ku Europe siimakhala bwino chifukwa cha kusiyana kwakukulu nyengo. Actinidia aimurea ndi Chinese nthawi yozizira siziwuma.
Kulima kwa Actinidia kudera la Leningrad ndi madera ena Kumpoto-West
Apa, Colinict actinidia yekha ndi amene amakula bwino komanso kupereka zokolola zabwino. Kwa mitundu ina, palibe kutentha kokwanira chilimwe. Mtambo wokhala ndi chinyezi chokomera bwino kwambiri chikhalidwe ichi.
Kukula kwa Actinidia m'chigawo chapakati cha Russia, kuphatikizanso dera la Moscow
Popanda chisamaliro chapadera, mawonekedwe a actinidia colomict okha ndi omwe amabala zipatso modalirika. M'malo okhala ndi microclimate yabwino, mitala yanthetemya komanso mitundu yozizira kwambiri ya actinidia imatha kukula. Actinidia aimurea ndi Chinese akutsimikiziridwa kuti amaumitsa.
Kulima kwa Actinidia ku Belarus, kumpoto kwa Ukraine komanso madera oyandikana ndi Russia
Mwachidule, dera lomwe limakonda masewera a Actinidia lotentha kwambiri, lotentha nthawi yayitali komanso nyengo yotentha. Mitundu yonse ya Actinidia imakula bwino, kupatula China actinidia.
Kulima kwa Actinidia kum'mwera kwa Ukraine komanso madera akumwera kwa Russia
Vuto lalikulu la kukula kwa Actinidia mu gawo la steppe ndi kutentha kwa chilimwe ndi mpweya wouma. Mukabzala pamthunzi wocheperako ndikumanyowetsa nthawi zonse mpweya ndi nthaka, mitundu yonse ya actinidia imatha kubereka.
Kuthirira kumawonjezera chinyezi
Gombe la Black Sea ku Russia ndi Ukraine ndi loyenerera thermophilic Chinese actinidia (kiwi). Imakula bwino m'malo otentha a Krasnodar Territory. Mgawo la nyengo yozizira, makungu ake nthawi yozizira amachotsedwa pamathandizo ndikuphimbidwa ndi mphasa, lapansi kapena agrofibre.
Zodzipukutira: Choonadi ndi zopeka
Mitundu yonse ya actinidia ndi mbewu zachilengedwe mwachilengedwe, maluwa awo achikazi ndi amuna amakhala pamitundu yosiyanasiyana. Maluwa ndi ochititsa chidwi komanso mungu wochokera kwa njuchi. Zovala zam'mimba zachikazi zimakhala ndi mungu pang'ono, zosakwanira kupukutidwa kwathunthu. Pali mitundu yodzipukuta yokha yomwe maluwa amkazi amamangiriza zipatso zawo kuchokera mungu wawo. Koma popukutira kwacibadwa, zipatso zawo zimakhala zochulukirapo, ndipo zipatso zake ndizokulirapo. Ogulitsa mbande ali chete pa izi, akudziwa kapena kudumphira liwu loti "pang'ono" pofotokoza mitundu yodzipukuta yokha.
M'minda yamakedzana, kudziwikitsa kudzivota nthawi zina kumachitika ngati chomera chokhacho cha feminidia chikuvomerezedwa ndi chithunzi cha amuna amtundu womwewo womwe umakula m'dera loyandikana nalo.
Momwe mungasiyanitsire chomera chachimuna ndi chachikazi
Kusiyanitsa pakati pa amuna ndi akazi makopi a Actinidia ndi kothekera kwa maluwa. Pakati pa maluwa achikazi pakati pa achibwibwi, tchire cham'madzi chobiriwira chaposachedwa ndi pestle yooneka ngati nyenyezi pamwambapo chimadziwika nthawi yomweyo.
Mu maluwa amodzi okhaokha a actinidia, tchire lachiberekero chamtsogolo limawonekera bwino
Maluwa a amuna a actinidia amakhala ndi ma stamens okha, alibe ovary.
Maluwa aamuna a actinidia omwe amaphatikizidwa mu burashi alibe mazira
Mu actinidia colomictus ndi polygamum, maluwa achikazi amakonzedwa mosiyanasiyana kapena awiriawiri, pomwe maluwa amphongo amakonzedwa ndi manja ang'onoang'ono, nthawi zambiri maluwa atatu aliwonse. Mu actinidia wa mkangano (wofiirira, Giraldi) ndi kiwi (Chinese actinidia), maluwa onse achimuna ndi achikazi amakonzedwa ndi mabulashi apakatikati.
Mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya masamba imachitika pachimuna ndi chachikazi. Amakhulupirira kuti mbeu zachimuna zimakonda kukhazikika komanso zowala, koma chizindikirochi sichiri chokwanira kudziwa jenda.
Kubzala Actinidia
Actinidia wobzalidwa masika. Njira yabwino ndiyoti mubzale pamalo oterowo kuti mbewu zazing'onong'ono zizikhala pamthunzi, ndipo zikamakula, pamwamba pa mipesayo mumayatsidwa bwino m'mawa ndi nthawi yamadzulo. Mtunda pakati pa mbewu ndi wautali mamita awiri. Musanabzala, zopangira zamphamvu zamabodza zimapangidwa, zopangidwa ndi chitsulo kapena matabwa ophatikizidwa mosamala ndi antiseptic. Mitengo yabwino kwambiri ndiyotalika pafupifupi 2-2,5 metres.
Thandizo lodalirika likufunika pakukula bwino komanso kubereka kwa Actinidia.
Mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya Actinidia siipukutidwa pakati pawo (kupatula fupa lodziwika bwino la chinangwa, Giraldi ndi mkangano, mitundu itatuyi ndi yapakati-mungu). Chiwongola dzanja chambiri mukabzala ndi mbeu ziwiri zazimuna pa 10 wamkazi. Makope amphongo ndi amisili amitundu iliyonse amaikidwa pafupi.
Actinidia amafunika dothi lotayirira, acidity kuchokera kufooka acidic mpaka ndale. Sililekerera dothi la carbonate lokhala ndi laimu yambiri komanso madambo okhala ndi chinyezi chosasunthika. Pamatanda olemera, ngalande zosweka za njerwa zimayala pansi pa maenje obzala. Mutabzala, mbewu zimamwe madzi ambiri. Mbande zobzalidwa pamalo otseguka nthawi zonse zimakhala mumithunzi nthawi yonseyo. Kwa nthawi yozizira, ndikofunikira kubisa mbewu zazing'ono ndi nthambi za spruce.
Podzala, ndibwino kugwiritsa ntchito mbande yokhala ndi mizu yotsekeka, ndikosavuta kuzika mizu
Kusamalira Actinidia
Actinidia amafunikira kwambiri chinyezi ndi dothi. Mu nyengo yotentha, youma, imafunika kuthiriridwa madzi osachepera 1-2 pa sabata, zidebe pafupifupi 1-3 za madzi pachomera chilichonse, kutengera kukula kwake. Ndikofunika kuti mulch dothi pansi pa mipesa ndi tchipisi thuni, utuchi kapena masamba achaka chatha kuti tisunge chinyontho ndikuletsa udzu kukula.
Mulching Actinidia amathandizira kuti nthaka ikhale chinyezi
Kuchepetsa Actinidia
Kudulira kwakukulu kwa Actinidia kumachitika mu kugwa, mutakolola. Nthawi yomweyo, mphukira zowonjezera zonse zimadulidwa. Kufupikitsa nthawi yayitali. Chapakatikati, maluwa asanaphuke, masamba ainthinidia amatha kutuluka, pakadali pano sangadulidwe, chomera chitha kufa. Nthambi zouma nthawi yachisanu zimadulidwa pambuyo pake masamba atayamba kuphuka.
Kudyetsa Actinidia
Pakatikati, nthaka pansi pa actinidia imalumikizidwa ndi tsamba la humus pamlingo wa mita imodzi. Simungathe kukumba pansi pa actinidia, mizu yake sinali yakuya, kotero humus imangabalalidwa panthaka ndikuphimbidwa ndi mulch.
Manyowa kapena laimu watsopano sayenera kuwonjezeredwa pansi pa Actinidia;
Mavuto ndi kuvulala kwa Actinidia
Actinidia sawonongeka ndi matenda ndi tizilombo toononga, ndiye kuti palibe mankhwala omwe amafunikira.
Mdani yekhayo wa actinidia ndi amphaka. Mizu, mphukira ndi masamba a chomera ichi ali ndi zinthu zomwe zimakhudza amphaka ambiri monga valerian ndi catnip (catnip). Zomera zazing'ono za actinidia zimakhudzidwa ndimphaka. Chifukwa chake, mutabzala, mbande ziyenera kumangirizika ndi mauna okwanira okwanira.
Kuteteza ku amphaka, mbewu za actinidia zatsekedwa ndi mauna olimba
Mavuto a actinidia (tebulo)
| Zikuwoneka bwanji | Ichi ndi chiyani | Zoyenera kuchita nazo |
| Masamba oyera kapena oyera-oyera oyera pamashamba | Makongoletsedwe achilengedwe, mitundu yamtundu wa Actinidia polygamus ndi colomictus | Osachita chilichonse, zili bwino |
| Chapakatikati, masamba achichepere ndi masamba amaphuka mwadzidzidzi ngati khungu | Kuwonongeka kwamasamba | Pakapita nthawi, masamba atsopano kuchokera ku masamba adzale. Zomera zobzalidwa pafupi ndi mpanda chakumwera chakumadzulo kwa nyumba zimavutika pang'ono ndi chisanu. Mipesa yaying'ono imakutidwa ndi filimu kapena agrofiberi poopseza kuzizira. Zomera zam'madzi masana, pogona zimayenera kuchotsedwa kuti zimere |
| M'nyengo yotentha, nyengo yotentha, yopanda masamba, masamba amayamba kuzimiririka | Kupanda chinyezi | Ndikwabwino kubzala actinidia pamtunda wochepa, ndipo mukabzala m'malo otseguka, ndikofunikira kuti pakhale mthunzi, makamaka mbewu zazing'ono. Kuonjezera chinyezi cha mlengalenga kumathandizira kuthirira m'mawa kapena m'mawa kwambiri. Masana, simungathe kuvumba dzuwa; pamasamba onyowa, kuyatsidwa ndi dzuwa ndikotheka |
| Masamba ndi mphukira amazidulira kapena kudya kwathunthu, udzu umaphwanyidwa mozungulira mbewuzo, nthaka ikuponderezedwa kapena kukumbidwa. | Amphaka olamulidwa apa | Mukangobzala, enclose actinidia ndi ukonde wamphamvu woteteza |
Kupaka utoto kwa masamba a Actinidia colomict ndimwambo wamba
Kubala kwa Actinidia
Actinidia amatha kumalizidwa popanga zipatso (zodulidwa ndi kugawa) kapena ndi njere. Makhalidwe osiyanasiyana amasinthidwa mokwanira pokhapokha pofalikira.
Kufalitsa kwa Actinidia ndi masanjidwe
Iyi ndi njira yosavuta kwambiri kwa iwo omwe ali kale ndi mtundu wazomwe zimafunidwa pachiwembuchi.
Actinidia amafalitsidwa mosavuta ndi zigawo (mwa kukumba nsonga za mphukira)
- Chapakatikati masamba, podzuka ndi mbewuzo zikamera, mumangofunika kukhomera mphukira imodzi pansi ndikuchepera tcheni kuti mutu wake ukuloze.
- M'nyengo yotentha, mitengo yodula mizu imayenera kuthiriridwa madzi nthawi zonse kuti nthaka yoyandikana nayo ikhale yonyowa pang'ono.
- Chapakatikati pa chaka chamawa, chomera chomera chomwechi chomwe chayamba kugulidwachi chitha kudzasinthidwa kukhala malo okhazikika, kudula kaye mphukira ya mayi kumayambiriro kwa kutuluka kwa masamba
- Ngati chomera chaching'ono chikuwoneka chofooka kwambiri, ndibwino kuchisiya chaka chimodzi chimodzi, makamaka m'malo omwe kuli nyengo yozizira.
Kufalikira kwa Actinidia kudula
Actinidia amachulukitsa bwino ndi masamba obiriwira kumapeto kwa mwezi wa June, pomwe mphukira zazing'ono za chaka chino zikamaliza kukula ndikuyamba kukhala mitengo.
Actinidia akhoza kufalitsa ndi zobiriwira kudula mu wowonjezera kutentha
Njira yokomanirana:
- Sankhani chiwembu chopanda udzu, chotetezedwa ku dzuwa masana. Ngati dothi ndi dongo lolemera, masentimita 10 apamwamba kwambiri m'dulidwe ayenera kusinthidwa ndi chisakanizo cha mchenga ndi humus.
- Kuyambira akulu mphukira wa Actinidia, odulidwa cutimita 10-15 kutalika. Zidutswa zowonda kwambiri kuposa pensulo sizizika mizu. Ikani zodulidwazo nthawi yomweyo mumtsuko kuti madzi asataye.
- Dulani masamba am'munsi pazodulidwa ndi lezala pafupi ndi maziko a tsamba petiole. Pa masamba apamwamba, dulani theka la tsamba kuti muchepetse chinyezi.
- Akadulidwa okonzedwa oikidwa mosadukiza m'nthaka ya cuticle, ndikusiya impso ziwiri pamwamba pa nthaka. Thirani kwambiri kuchokera kuthirira ndi kutsitsi.
- Ikani zipilala pamwamba pa wodulayo ndikukoka yoyera yopuma yoyenera kuti pakati pa nsonga za masamba pazodulidwazo ndi pogona pazikhala malo aulere pafupifupi masentimita 15 mpaka 20.
- Nyengo, zodulidwazo zimayenera kuthiriridwa madzi kawiri pa sabata (kutentha kwambiri popanda mvula - tsiku lililonse m'mawa kapena m'mawa kwambiri) kuti nthaka ikhale yonyowa nthawi zonse.
- M'nyengo yozizira yoyamba, achinyamata ovala mu cuticle ayenera kuphimbidwa ndi masamba kapena nthambi za spruce.
- Ndi kumayambiriro kwa masika, ndikutheka kale kukazika mbande zomwe zakonzedwa kumalo omaliza. Ocheperako komanso ofooka amakhala bwino atatsala chaka china m'malo omwewo kuti akule.
Actinidia woyesedwa ndi mbewu
Kufalikira kwa mbewu ya actinidia sikuthandiza kwenikweni pakulima kwamaluwa, chifukwa mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya zinthu zimatayika, ndipo pakati pa mbande zimapezeka pafupifupi mbewu zazimuna ndi zazikazi. Amatha kusiyanitsidwa pokhapokha maluwa, omwe amayenera kudikirira zaka zingapo. Koma ngati mukufuna kuyesera, mutha kuyesa kufesa kwa dzinja m'munda. Kuyesa kubwezeretsa mbewu mufiriji yanyumba kapena pa khonde ndizosowa kwambiri chifukwa cholephera kupereka kutentha ndi chinyezi chofunikira.
Mbewu zokha za chaka chamawa, zomwe zimachotsedwa ku zipatso zamphesa zokhazokha, ndizoyenera kubzala. Mbewu za chaka chatha zimasiya kumera. Ndondomeko ndi motere:
- Sungani zipatso zakupsa, zisungeni m'chipindacho ndi woonda wowonda sabata ina kuti zipse kwathunthu. Iyenera kukhala yofewa, makina, yowonekera pakudula.
Kuti mupeze mbewu, zipatso za actinidia zimaloledwa kucha kuti zitheke
- Sakani mosamala zipatso zakonzedwa, kuziyika mugalasi, kutsanulira madzi oyera ndikuyambitsa. Mbewu zapamwamba zimakhazikika pansi, ndipo zamkati zimayandama pamwamba.
- Pakani madzi, ikani njerezo pamsavu umodzi ndikuwumitsa. Chotsani mbeu zouma m'thumba.
- Pofika mwezi wa Okperi, ndikofunikira kukonza bedi lomwe lili pamtunda wofesedwa ndi dothi lotayirira lotetezedwa ndi masamba humus (1-2 zidebe za mita lalikulu). Kuphikirani pasadakhale kuti muthane kwathunthu ndi malo awa okhala ndi namsongole wamasamba osatha.
- Kubzala kumachitika mu theka lachiwiri la Okutobala. Pabedi, pangani miyala yopanda madzi pambuyo pa masentimita 10-15, ndikuthira ndi madzi kuchokera kuthilira. Mosamala kufalitsa mbewu za Actinidia ndi kuwaza ndi dothi wosanjikiza pafupifupi theka la sentimita.
- Kuwombera sikuwonekera koyambirira kwa Juni. Ndiofatsa komanso yolumikizidwa mosavuta ndi namsongole, chifukwa chake mumafunikira udzu pafupipafupi komanso mosamala. Ngati mbande ndi yokulirapo, iyenera kupetedwa, kusiya masentimita 10-15 pakati pa mbewu.
- M'nyengo yotentha, bedi lokhala ndi mbande liyenera kuthiriridwa madzi othilira ndi sprayer osachepera 2 pa sabata. Kukhazikika moyenerera kuchokera pakati pa dzuwa masana ndi ukonde woteteza ku amphaka.
- Kwa nthawi yozizira, mbande ziyenera kuphimbidwa ndi masamba agwa kapena nthambi za spruce kuti ziziteteza ku chisanu.
- Chaka chachiwiri cha moyo, mbande zimakhalabe m'munda womwewo ndi chisamaliro chofanana.
- Chapakatikati pa chaka chachitatu, mbewu zazing'ono zimatha kusinthidwa kumalo okhazikika.
Ndemanga
Takhala zaka zambiri mdziko muno zakulima, choncho chomera chosasimbika konse: chitha kulimidwa panthaka iliyonse ndikutsitsa mpaka pomwepo. Amphaka okha omwe amawopa zaka zoyambirira za moyo.
Maroussia (Marina Ivanovna)//forum.homecitrus.ru/topic/305-aktinidii-actinidia-kolomikta-arguta-vse-krome-kivi/
Mitundu yonse ya Actinidia imakhala ndi kukoma kosiyana kotheratu ... polygamum, mwachitsanzo, imakhala ndi kukoma kwa tsabola, ndipo imakhala yokoma kokha mawonekedwe osankhidwa. Actinidia palokha sangakhale ovomerezeka mwanjira iliyonse, ndipo mtundu uliwonse wa actinidia (colomict, kukangana, mitala) pollinator ofanana ndendende amafunika!
Sveta2609//www.forumhouse.ru/threads/125485/
Kalasi Issai adanenedwa kuti ndiwopatsa mphamvu. Ndili nayo, chaka chatha panali maluwa 18. Koma kunali kozizira komanso kwamvula. Sindinachite kupukuta mungu. Ndipo kunalibe zipatso. Ponena za ma colomicts - palibe odzilimbitsa. Koma pali zipatso zopanda amuna, ndizochepa ndipo ndizocheperako. Mungu umakhalabe ndi mbewu zachonde, koma ochepa kwambiri. Sikokwanira kuti mungu ubwere. Ponena za mitundu yosakanizidwa ndi mikangano - osati yaku Moscow. Ngakhale kutalika kwa mzinda wa Kiev amachita bwino - kutentha kokwanira kokwanira. Amacha kumapeto kwa Okutobala.
Stefan//dacha.wcb.ru/index.php?showtopic=10182&st=220
Zaka zitatu zoyambirira za Actinidia ziyenera kutetezedwa ku amphaka. Amphaka amafuta oyipa amang'ambika ndipo amadya mizu ndi masamba. Ndikofunikira kupanga waya ndi gridi yokhala ndi radius wa 30cm komanso kutalika kwa 1m. Khomani mpanda ndikuphimba ndi gridi yokhala ndi zenera la 5cm.
Alina//forum.vinograd.info/showthread.php?s=01f337fd55392adb56427163e59faa10&t=3289&page=2
Kiwi mpaka mawonekedwe ndikuphimba ngati mphesa. Ndili ndi malaya angapo pachomera. Ndimachita chilichonse kuti chizikhala chosavuta kuti chiwapinde pansi, chifukwa mitengo ya kiwi ndiosalimba kuposa mphesa. Ndimaphimba momwemo monga mphesa ... ndimaziyika pansi ndikuziphimba ndi mphira wa mphira kenako ndi nthaka. Nyengo za Kiwi pansi pa pogona zotere ndizodabwitsa - nyengo ziwiri sizinali kuzizira kapena kutentha.
Alexey Sh, Kamyshin, dera la Volgograd//forum.vinograd.info/showthread.php?t=3289&page=3
Ndi kusankha bwino kwa mitundu yoyenera kuuma kwa dzinja, kulima kwa Actinidia sikovuta kwambiri. Liana ili limakhala lolimba ndipo silifunikira chithandizo choteteza ndi kupewa ndi mankhwala ophera tizilombo. Kuti tikwaniritse zokolola zokhazikika, ndikofunikira kusankha bwino ma pollinators. Kusamalidwa koyenera kumatsimikizira kulandira pachaka zipatso zokhala ndi mavitamini okoma.
