Moni wonyamulira kunja ukuchokera ku America - mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya apulo Starkrimson

Kuyang'ana koyamba kwa chipatso chirichonse kumatipatsa maso athu: zooneka zooneka zimapangitsa kuganiza za kukoma, mtengo wamtengo wapatali wa chipatso, kuthekera kwa kulowa kwake m'munda wathu.

Mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya maapulo a Starkrimson amawerengedwanso pawonekera - maapulo a mtundu wa carmine akulamulira pamwamba pa masamba obiriwira. Ndipo tsogolo linayenera kukhala malonda okha.

Kodi Starkrimson adalowa bwanji ku minda ya Russia?

Mbiri ya kulengedwa kwa mitundu yosiyanasiyana kuyambira ku Iowa (USA) kumapeto kwa zaka za zana la 19. Ndiye mbadwa yake inabadwa - mitundu yozizira yotchedwa Delishs (yomasuliridwa kuchokera ku Chingerezi - "yokondweretsa").

Pogwiritsa ntchito njira yosankhira mbeu ndi zomera zomwe zimatulutsa maluwa ndi mtundu wa budid, ibid, mu 1921, iwo adapeza mitundu yatsopano yambiri yolima munda wotchedwa Starking Delishes, yomwe imadziwika ndi kukula kwa mitundu yosiyanasiyana komanso kukula kwa zomera.

Gulu la mitundu yomwe ili ndi makhalidwe abwinowa ndi Starkrimson, omwe amatanthauza: nyenyezi- "chinthu chapadera" ndi kapezi (krimzn) - "mdima wofiira, mtundu wa rasipiberi."

Dzinali likufanana kwathunthu ndi pinki ya zipatso zazikulu zowutsa mudyo, zomwe zinali zoyenera kuti kulima m'minda yamakampani.

Kukula kwa munda m'madera a Soviet kumpoto kwa Caucasus ndi Stavropol Territory kunayambitsa kufalikira kwa mitundu iyi m'dziko lathu. Kusintha kwa chikhalidwe chachuma chazaka makumi awiri zapitazi chatachotsa izi zosiyanasiyana kuchokera ku malonda. Tsopano iye ali ngati zodabwitsa zomwe zimakongoletsera zokolola za minda yapadera.

Zotsatira zam'kalasi

1. Mitundu yosiyanasiyana imatanthawuza mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mitengo ya apulo - zomera zomwe zili ndifupikitsa kutalika kwake.
   

   Mitengo ya apulo yomwe imakhala yochepa kwambiri, nthambi za zipatso za spruce zimapangidwa mochulukira, zimatha kuchita mvula yamaluwa komanso zimapatsa fruiting.
   

   Mbali imeneyi imatsimikizira zapamwamba zokolola pachaka. Mtengo wa mtundu wobiriwira wobiriwira wa masamba a apulo umatulutsa ntchito ya photosynthesis. Mitundu yobiriwira imathandizidwa pazitsamba zilizonse zomwe zingathe kubzala mbeu ndi chisanu.

2. Starkrimson sathawa ndipo imakhala ndi mitengo yambiri ya mtundu wake - kudzikonda. Kupatsa fruiting ndi kuwonetsera mwatsatanetsatane wa chipatso chomwe amafunikira mungu woyendetsera mungu omwe amakwaniritsa zinthu izi:
   • wamba wa dera lolima;
   • mwadzidzidzi nthawi ya maluwa;
   • nthawi zambiri zachakumwa mitundu yosiyanasiyana.

   Pali mitundu iŵiri yovomerezeka ya pollinator ya Starkrimson: Jonathan, Golden Delicious.

Kumbukirani: Mitengo yambiri yamitengo ya apulo ndi njuchi.. Mphamvu ya "chichitidwe" cha pollinator yachilengedwe ndi 2 km. Pano pali bwalo lomwe mitengo ya pollinator iyenera kukhala.

3. Fructification ku Starkrimson imayamba pa zaka 2-3, ndipo chaka chilichonse chiwerengero cha maapulo pamtengo chimakula. Mpaka mazana atatu aliwonse amachotsedwa pa hekitala pamtunda waukulu.
Ndi kukolola kwakukulu kukulitsa mtengo wa apulo kumaopseza kutaya kwa kuwonetsera ndi kulawa. Musaiwale kuchepetsa ovary panthawi yamaluwa!
4. Kukolola kumapitirira masabata awiri kuchokera kumapeto kwa September. Zipatsozo zimatha kupsa mwezi umodzi, zimakula kufika pa ogulitsa.

   Pamene akunyamulira maapulo mwamsanga pa "bedi" iwo amakhala ovuta. Kumapeto ndi zokolola, mukhoza kuphonya nthawi - maapulo adzatha, kutaya kukoma kwawo.

5. Starkrimson ikuyikidwa mpaka April, malinga ndi zomwe zimafunika kuti zisungidwe.
6. Mitundu yosiyanasiyana ndi yofanana ndi chisanu ndi chilala. Kuti chitukuko chikhale choyenera, mtengo umasowa mamita 600 mm mphepo pachaka. Kusamba kwowonjezera kumabweretsa chifukwa cha kusowa kwa chinyezi.
7. Mitundu yosiyanasiyana imayesa kukana powdery mildew pa polygenic maziko, koma nkhanambo sasiya kukhala choopseza zomera.
8. Chokhacho cha kuwonetsera ndi kukongoletsa kwa zipatso, zokoma zawo zokoma ndi zowawa pang'ono zimapatsa maapulo mchere wovomerezeka womwe umagwiritsidwa ntchito mofulumira, ngakhale kuti zosiyanasiyana zimadziwika kuti zimagwiritsidwa ntchito bwino (zouma, zowonongeka, zowonongeka, zamadzimadzi).

Kuti mu mawonekedwe a Starkrimson amachititsa kukonda kalasi ndi cholinga cha malonda.

1. The morphology of the tree amadziwika ndi kutalika kwake kwa chomera ndi korona wong'onong'ono yomwe ili ndi nthambi za mafupa omwe amapanga ngodya lakuthwa ndi thunthu. Komanso, nthambi za chipatso zimapitirira pakati pa mizera, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zosavuta kusamalira mtengo pazigawo zonse za kukula, makamaka nthawi yokolola.

   Makhalidwewa amakulolani kuyika zomera zingapo kamodzi, ngakhale ndi nkhanza zazikulu. Pogwiritsa ntchito zinthu izi za mitengo, zimabzalidwa:

2. popanda zothandizira mu "mzere umodzi" kapena "mzere umodzi";
3. pogwiritsa ntchito zitsulo (trellis);
4. chotsatira chotsatira, chochirikizidwa ndi trellis.
5. Khalidwe losiyanitsa la mphukira liri pafupi internodes, makungwa a mphukira ali ndi mtundu wofiirira ndi wa pubescence.
6. Masamba a mdima wobiriwira ali ndi makhalidwe onse omwe amapezeka pamapulo:
   • chozungulira chozungulira ndi chakuthwa chakuthwa;
   • mbale ya minofu, yovuta kuchokera kumbuyo;
   • mapepala opangidwa ndi finely serrated.
7. Maluwa - pinki yotumbululuka mumphuno, yoyera - mumsewu wotseguka. Kuwombera maluwa kumadula duwa. Mbewu yambewu yatsekedwa.
8. Zipatso ndi zazikulu (mpaka 180 g.), Zomwe zimangokhala zofanana, zogwirizana ndi nthambi ndi tsinde lakuda; Pakukula, phokoso, panthawi yochotsamo, pangani mdima wonyezimira wakuda, pamwamba pa apulo.
   

   Pansi pa khungu lofiirira muli nyama yowutsa mudyo wambiriyomwe panthawi ya kusasitsa imasintha mtundu wochokera kubiri wobiriwira kupita ku kirimu, imakhala yokoma kwambiri kuposa kukoma kwake kowawa komanso zakudya zabwino kwambiri.

Ku Ulaya, maapulo omwe amagwirizana ndi kanjedza ali osowa. Mitundu yayikulu-yobiridwa imakonda msika wokha.

Chithunzi

Chithunzicho chimasonyeza zipatso za apulo ya Starkrimson ndipo zotsatirazi ndizofotokozedwa bwino za mtengo.

Chithunzi

Munda wamaluwa pa chiwembu

Popeza kuti Starkrimson zosiyanasiyana zinayambika kumunda waukulu, ndi bwino kufufuza zenizeni ndi mwayi wogwiritsa ntchito mfundo zake m'munda wapadera.

Munda wamaluwa ndi mtundu wapadera wa kubzala kwa mbewu zoyambirira za fruiting ndi zokolola zabwino..

Kukolola kwa munda wotere kumadalira ubwino wa chonde cha nthaka ndi ntchito za agrotechnical njira.

Zotsatira zotsatirazi zikugwirizana nazo:

• fruiting nthawi zonse ndi yobwera kale chaka chachiwiri;
• Chomera chachikulu chomera zomera ndi tizirombo;
• kusangalatsa, kufalitsa zipatso, kukana kusokonezeka maganizo (pamene kusonkhanitsa, kusankha, kunyamula).

Munda wamtunduwu uli ndi chisamaliro chake.:

• kudulira zokhazokha ndi zowonongeka;
• kuthirira mu grooves ya mizu yozungulira:
• kuchotsa namsongole ndikumera mwachangu komanso mothandizidwa ndi herbicides;
• Zowonjezeretsa zomwe zimachitika m'nthaka zomwe zimapangidwa pokonza madzi.

Kusankha mitundu mitundu Starkrimson bwino:

1. Ndi chidwi ndi zokolola zapamwamba ndi zokongola za zipatso zogulitsidwa.
2. Kuti mutenge zokolola zamitundu zosiyanasiyana.
3. Olima minda m'madera akummwera a dziko lathu (Krasnodar, Stavropol Territory, Rostov Region, North Caucasus). Chifukwa cha kutentha kwa dziko lapansi, n'zotheka kumpoto.
4. M'madera okhala ndi matenda a maapulo ndi powdery mildew (nyengo yotentha ndi yotsika chinyezi).
5. Kudya ndi matenda a m'mimba, limodzi ndi acidity.

Mitundu yosiyanasiyana imayenera kutetezedwa ndi chisanu ndi chilala, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zofunikira pa kukula. Ndipo komabe - kalasi sikumagonjetsedwa ndi nkhanambo.

Kodi mukufunikira chiyani kuti zitheke?

Mtengo uliwonse wa apulo umakula m'njira yake, ndipo wolima munda ayenera kudziwa zoyenera kuchita ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana kuti apeze zotsatira zabwino.

1. Kulondola kolondola, komwe kumaphatikizapo kusankha malo ndi teknoloji yeniyeni ya zomwezo. Mitengo ya Apple Starkrimson monga zosiyanasiyana zakumwera makamaka imafunika kuwala kwa dzuwa.

   Zimatsutsana m'madera omwe akuwombedwa ndi mphepo zowonongeka, m'mphepete mwa madzi, pansi pamtunda wa mamita 1.2 kuchokera pamwamba.. Koma iwo amachoka mwangwiro pamtunda ndipo amamva bwino mumtunda wambiri.

2. Kukolola kwakukulu ndi zotsatira za kugwiritsa ntchito dothi lachonde, kapena loined loams, feteleza ndi organic ndi mineral zowonjezera (ndi mkulu acidity alkalized ndi mandimu).
3. Nthawi yabwino yobzala: masika ndi autumn. M'dzinja kubzala pali ubwino: nthawi yokonzanso chomera ku nyengo ya zomera.
4. Miyeso ya dzenje la kubzala ndiyomweyi (D = 1m, H = 0.7m). Njira yoyenera kubzala ndi malo a khola la mizu (6 masentimita pamwamba pa nthaka).
5. Starkrimson amakonda nthawi zonse chinyezi cha nthaka, chomwe chimapezeka ndi madzi okwanira nthawi zonse.
6. Kupanga mtundu wa korona wa mtundu wa mbewu pa nthawi yopanga trellis ikuchitika mu ndege yomweyo. Pachifukwa ichi, nthambi za chigoba zimawongolera, ndipo zipatso zimalowa mumsewu.
7. Ndondomeko ya kupatulira ovary nthawi ya maluwa ndi yofunika kwambiri kwa mitengo yobala zipatso.

Maluwa omwe amabereka chipatso chaka chamawa amayikidwa pamapeto pa sabata lachisanu ndi chitatu mutatha maluwa. Chikhalidwe chonse cha mbeu pa nthawiyi chidzakhudza tsogolo labwino. Zipatso zapamwamba zimapangidwa kuchokera ku maluwa oyambirira ndi aakulu.

8. Pofuna kupewa kuchepetsa kukoma, ndondomeko yokolola mu kalendala yotchulidwa ndi kalendala ya agronomic.
9. Starkrimson sizitsutsana ndi nkhanambo, choncho imadalira njira zotetezera matenda ndi fungal spores.

Kodi mungateteze bwanji mitengo ya apulo ku nkhanambo?

Ndipotu, zosiyanasiyanazi zimagonjetsedwa ndi matenda ambiri okhudza mitengo ina ya apulo. Koma nkhanamboyi sinali mwayi: ndikofunika kupeza njira zothetsera matendawa. Zomwe zili pansipa zidzakuthandizani ndi izi.

Nthawi zovuta za apulo zowonongeka kuti zithetse mikangano komanso momwe zimayendera:

• Masika ndi oyambirira chilimwe;
• wandiweyani, kutuluka kwa mpweya wabwino;
• mitengo yakale, yotchedwa fungal-infested pafupi ndi zomera zosiyanasiyana.

Zizindikiro za kugonjetsedwa:

• zida zoyamba zachikasu zikuwonekera pamapazi;
• Gawo lotsatira ndi kupanga mapepala a imvi (spore) pambali kutsogolo kwa pepala;
• masamba amatembenukira wakuda ndikugwa, matendawa amapita ku chipatso;
• mawanga wakuda pa chipatso, kukula, kusowa khungu;
• Zipatso ndi masamba akugwa zimakhala magwero a matenda kwa zomera zina.

Kulimbana ndi matenda:

1. Kuwonongedwa kumapeto kwa nyengo ya zinyalala zonse pamoto kapena pamitengo ya kompositi, kumawathira ndi peat.
2. Limbani mu korona wowonongeka.
3. Kokani thunthu la mtengo mtengo pristvolny.
4. Kutaya masamba ochepa (5% yankho) ndi nthaka (7% yankho) ndi yankho la urea.
5. M'chaka spray Bordeaux madzi (1% yankho, pa ukufalikira kwa impso).
6. Ndi kachilombo koyambitsa katatu kamodzi kamodzi ka masabata atatu (kumapeto kwa masabata atatu musanakolole).

Ma apulo okongola ndi okoma a Starkrimson ndi ofunika kwambiri kwa iye.