Kaya mphesa, mtundu wa mtundu uliwonse kapena mtundu wosakanizidwa, izi sizisonyezo za mtundu wa zipatso zake ndi zofunikira za chitsamba chomwecho.
Nthaŵi zambiri, ndi mitundu yowakanizidwa yomwe imakhala yopambana kwambiri, makamaka ndi kulima amateur.
Ndipo ndi kwa okonda kuti luso lazochitika za zipatso za chikhalidwe ichi, koma m'malo mwake gome lake limakhala ndi cholinga komanso kulimbikitsanso.
Pansipa tikufuna kukufotokozerani za mphesa zabwino kwambiri, zomwe sizidzakondweretsa osati mbewu zokha, komanso zizindikiro zina ndi makhalidwe ake.
Kuti mumuthandize kwambiri, ndikuuzeni za kuphweka kwa mphesa zoterozo.
Mphesa "Bazhena" ndi zizindikiro zake zazikulu
Inde, kwa anthu wamba, magwero a mphesa sali oyenera, ngakhale angathe kudziwa zambiri zokhudza enieni a chikhalidwe ichi.
Ngati mumalankhula za mphesa "Bazhena", ndiye kuti ziyenera kutchulidwa ndi wolembayo - wojambula wotchuka V.V. Zagorulko, yemwe adachokera ku mitundu "Mphatso ya Zaporozhye" ndi "Arcadia" inapanga mtundu wosakanizidwa.
Masiku ano, kutchuka kwa mphesayi kuli kwakukulu kwambiri, kumapezeka pa malo osungirako masewera komanso mafakitale.
Chinsinsi cha kutchuka kotereku ndi kowona ndi kubala kwa mawonekedwe odyera awa, zipatso zake zomwe zidzakhala zokongoletsa kwenikweni tebulo lililonse. Mphesayi imathandizidwanso kwambiri, yomwe imathandizidwa osati kukhazikika kwake kokha, komanso chifukwa cha kukula kwa mbande zake.
Zing'onozing'ono za magulu a mphesa "Bazhena": kusiyana kotani ndipo ndi ubwino wanji waukulu
Ubwino wa mawonekedwe onse a mphesa ndiwo masango ake. Muzofotokozedwa zosiyanasiyana iwo ali okongola kwambiri ndi aakulu kwambiri.
Kawirikawiri, unyinji wa gulu limodzi ukhoza kusiyana pakati pa 0.7 ndi 1.5 kilograms, zomwe sizikhala mbiri ya "Bazheny".
Kunja, iwo amatha kusiyanitsidwa ndi mawonekedwe ake: omwe amapezeka kwambiri ndi ma brushes a conical kapena cylindro-conical, nthawizina ngakhale ndi mapiko ang'onoang'ono. Zipatsozi zimayikidwa pamagulu a sing'anga.
Zipatso za mphesa "Bazhena" zimayenera kusamalidwa mwapadera, chifukwa akhoza kudzitamandira kukula kwakukulu. Mawoloji awo ali ofanana ndi ziwerengero zotsatirazi: kutalika - 4.2 masentimita, m'lifupi - 2.3. Miyeso yotere mwachibadwa imasonyeza kuti maluwa amenewa amawoneka bwino. Amayeza pafupifupi 10 mpaka 15 magalamu.
Zochitika zawo zapadera ndi zosiyana ndi mtundu wachikasu wa khungu. Kukoma kwa mphesayi ndi kokondweretsa kwambiri, chifukwa limodzi ndi kukoma kwake koyenera kumakhala ndi khalidwe lokha labwino kwambiri.
Zipatsozi zimakhalanso ndi ubwino wabwino, chifukwa shuga umaphatikizako bwino kwambiri. Mnofu wawo ndi mnofu, wokhala ndi madzi ambiri, ndi okoma komanso okoma pamene akudya. Ndiyeneranso kuzindikira kuti khungu la zipatso zimenezi ndi lochepa kwambiri, choncho, amadya, silikukhudza kukoma kwa mphesa.
Zokolola za mtundu wosakanizidwayo Zagorulko: makamaka fruiting ndi nthawi yokolola zipatso "Bazheny"
Imabala zipatso bwino kwambiri, zake Zokolola zimakhala zokhazikika komanso zapamwamba. Zowonjezera zake zowonjezereka ndi zabwino komanso zimaphatikizapo kukula kwa chitsamba, kukula kwa mphukira pafupifupi kutalika kwake konse, komanso mphamvu ya mipesa kupanga magulu akuluakulu.
Kawirikawiri, gulu limodzi lokha limapangidwa pa mphukira imodzi, koma pofuna kuwonjezera kukula kwa zipatso, alimi ena amalangiza kuti asiye mphukira iliyonse yachisanu yopanda zipatso, ndiko kuti, kukolola zokolola.
Kutentha kuzungulira mphesa "Bazhena" mosiyanachifukwa imakhala ndi maluwa amodzi. Choncho, alibe mavuto ndi fruiting kapena ndi zipatso za mtola, kupatula zaka zovuta kwambiri.
Ubwino waukulu wa mphesa zomwe zafotokozedwa ndi nthawi yake yochepa yobala zipatso.
Nyengo yachitsamba "Bazheny" imadutsa mokwanira masiku 100-110.
Mu mbadwa za mphesa Poltava dera wogula kukhwima wa zipatso amayamba woyamba wa August. Izi zimakuthandizani kuti mulimere ngakhale m'madera ndi nyengo, monga pakati pa Russia.
Mndandanda wa mphesa zabwino kwambiri za mphesa "Bazhena"
- Masango akuluakulu ndi kukoma kwake kwa zipatso, zomwe zimawapangitsa kukhala abwino kwambiri malonda.
- Nthawi yakucha.
- Mphamvu ya kukula ndi kusasitsa kwa mphukira ndi zabwino kwambiri.
- Kupaka mungu wabwino chifukwa cha kukhalapo kwa maluwa ndi ntchito za amuna ndi akazi.
- Kuphweka kwa kubereka kwa mphesa za mawonekedwe awa, chinthu chachikulu chomwe chimakhala ndi rooting ya zipatso zake.
- Kuyenerera kwa zipatso za mphesa za "Bazhen" zoyendetsa, ngakhale khungu la zipatso zake ndi lochepa kwambiri. Zipatso zolimba pamphepete, musamawoneke pamene mukugwedezeka.
- Fomuyo imagonjetsedwa ndi matenda akuluakulu a fungal, monga mildew ndi oidium.
- Grass zowola sizimakhudzidwa.
- Njira yoyenera yokhala mphesa m'madera akumidzi ndi m'minda yaikulu ya mphesa.
Mphesa "Bazhena" ndi minuses yake: anachenjezeratu, kotero amatetezedwa
Amakhulupirira kuti mtundu uwu wa mphesa kusakwanira mosagonjetsedwa ndi kutsika kwa nyengo yozizira, ngakhale kuti mpesa wake ukhoza kulekerera chisanu -21ºС popanda kuwonongeka. Pachifukwa ichi, tchire la mphesa "Bazhena" liyenera kukhala malo otentha m'nyengo yozizira, makamaka tchire ndi mbande. Zitsamba zazikulu zimadzazidwa ndi filimu, nthawi zambiri, mphukira ikhoza kuchotsedwa ku chithandizo ndikubisala pansi.
Ndiponso, tchire cha mphesa iyi sizitsutsana ndi phylloxera. Pa chifukwa chimenechi, sangathe kubzala okha m'madera omwe tizirombo tawo tadziwonetsera okha, ngati atachotsa zomera zomwe zakhudzidwa izi zisanachitike, zaka 2-3 sizinafike.
Komanso, ngati muli ndi chikhumbo chofalitsa ndendende "Bazhen", ndibwino kuti muphatikize zidutswa zake ku rootstocks za mitundu yosagonjetsedwa, kapena kugula kale mbande.
Ndizosangalatsa kuwerenga za mphesa za mphesa
Momwe mungalengeze ndi kubzala mipesa: mayankho ku mafunso anu onse
Ngati simunayambe mwalima kapena viticulture, zimakhala zovuta kulingalira momwe mungalengeze mbewuyi. Koma kawirikawiri, sikudzatenga ntchito yambiri komanso nthawi. Chinthu chachikulu ndicho kupeza njira yomwe yeniyeni yeniyeni kwa inu idzakhala yabwino kwambiri kufalitsa mphesa komanso mbali ina ya tsamba lanu mudzalima izo mwakachetechete.
Momwe mungakhalire malo abwino kwambiri kuti kukula kwa chitsamba cha mphesa: Sankhani malo abwino pamalo anu
Monga mbewu ina iliyonse, mphesa za "Bazhena" zimafuna dzuwa lambiri. Pankhani yake, palibe malo ngakhale malo anu a malo omwe amawalitsidwa ndi dzuwa theka la tsiku sagwira ntchito. Pachifukwa ichi, mitengo ya mpesa okha kumwera, makamaka kumbuyo kwa nyumba, yomwe idzatumikire ngati chitsamba chitetezo ku mphepo.
Chofunika kwambiri pa nkhani yomwe ikukambirana ndi malo. Zoona zake n'zakuti m'madera otsetsereka komanso m'zigwa nthawi zambiri kutentha kwa mpweya kumatha kuchepa, komwe kumakhudza kwambiri mpesa ndi kukolola kwake. Choncho, yesetsani kupeza malo osachepera pang'ono.
Posankha nthaka ya mphesa iyeneranso kusamala. Ndipotu, pambali iyi, mitengo ya mphesa imatha kukula pamtunda ndi dothi, koma m'magulu awiriwa sitingalekerere m'mphepete mwake - dongo loyera kapena mwala woyera.
Ndipotu, njira yabwino yomwe mungagwiritsire ntchito zosiyanasiyanazi ndi dothi lakuda, koma dothi lokhala ndi kavalidwe kawiri kawiri ndi mphamvu ya chinyezi, zotsatira zabwino zingapezeke.
Mbali ina yofunikira pa kulima mphesa ndi kuya kwa pansi. Pankhani ya mitundu yosiyanasiyanayi ndi yabwino kukhala ndi mamita pafupifupi 5, popeza mizu ya mphesayi imakula kwambiri ndipo imatha kutsukidwa ndi iwo.
Malinga ndi ndondomeko yanji mphesa za mphesa zimabzalidwa?
Kwa mtundu uliwonse ndi mawonekedwe a mphesa ali ndi zofunikira zawo kuti mubzale mmizere. Pambuyo pake, chitsamba chilichonse chiyenera kupatsidwa malo okwanira kudyetsa mizu ndikukula mphukira. Popeza "mpesa wa Bazhena" uli ndi kukula kwakukulu, nkofunikira kutaya mamita asanu ndi awiri pamene mukubzala mzere pakati pa tchire. Kotero, sizinthu zokhazokha zomwe zidzafotokozedwe pamwambapa, koma tchire silingadziteteze ndi masamba awo.
Pa mulandu womwewo, ngati mutenga minda ingapo ya mipesa, ndiye pakati pawo muyenera kupanga kusiyana kwa mamita 6.
Kodi mungasankhe bwanji nthawi yoyenera kubzala mipesa?
Pamodzi ndi funso ili nthawi zambiri limakambilana kuti nthawi yabwino ndi iti kubzala mphesa: kumapeto kapena kumapeto kwa nyengo. Kuti tisabisirepo mfundo zina zofunika, tidzayankha mwatsatanetsatane mafunso onsewa.
Chofunika kwambiri ndi ngati mphesa zimabzalidwa m'chaka kapena autumn si. Nthawi iliyonse ili ndi ubwino ndi kuipa kwake. Masika a kumapeto kwa nyengo ya mphesa akhoza kutambasulidwa kwambiri, chifukwa panthawi ino zonsezi zimapangidwa (zomwe zasungidwa kuyambira kasupe) ndi zobiriwira (izo nthawi zambiri zimakula kuchokera ku cuttings, zomwe zinabzalidwa mu February mu mphika ndi nthaka) zimabzalidwa.
Pachiyambi choyamba, kasupe woyamba ndi wabwino, ndipo yachiwiri - ngakhale masiku oyambirira a chilimwe. Kuwonjezera apo, ndi kubzala masika kumene ndiko kuthekera kwa mbande kuti pakhale mphamvu ndi kupeza mphamvu m'malo atsopano kuti ukhale bata patsogolo chisanu chisanu.
Kudyetsa kwadzinja nthawi zambiri kumachitika pakati pa mwezi wa October. Panthawiyi mu mazala a mbande amatha kugulitsa, komanso mphesa za mphesa zimatha kukolola.
Nthawi yeniyeni iyenera kusankhidwa malingana ndi nyengo ya dera lanu: simukufunika kubzala mofulumira kwambiri, chifukwa sapling kapena kudula kungayambe kukula, zomwe ndizosafunika chifukwa cha chisanu, koma zidzakhala zoopsa kwambiri kuti mutenge chikhalidwe ichi mochedwa kwambiri.
Kubzala mphesa "Bazhena" ndi mbande: Kodi muyenera kudziwa chiyani?
Mfundo yofunikira kwambiri yomwe sitiyenera kuyiiwala ndiyomwe ikuyenera kukonzekera dzenje masabata angapo tisanayambe kubzala mphesa. Nthawi zonse mu dzenje kuchuluka kwa fetereza kumayikidwa, zomwe ziyenera kugwedezeka panthawi yolima mmera.
Makamaka, ndowa 2-3 za humus zimaponyedwa m'dzenje ndi kuya ndi masentimita 80, ndi mineral feteleza m'zinthu zing'onozing'ono (superphosphates, potashi mchere, nayitrogeni). Zonsezi zimasakanizidwa ndi nthaka yachonde ndikutsanulira mu dzenje. Chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwake, feteleza amatha kuwononga mizu ya mbeu, dothi lina liyenera kutsanuliridwa pamwamba pake, koma popanda iwo.
Pa kuthirira kwa feteleza, mukhoza kugula ndi kukonzekera mbande. Makamaka kuyang'anitsitsa, posankha, muyenera mizu. Mtundu wawo wathanzi ndi woyera, popanda kugula mbewu ndi mizu yoonongeka, ngakhale wogulitsa akukutsimikizirani kuti akhoza kupumula m'madzi.
Lembetsani mizu m'madzi Sapling musanadzalemo ndi kofunikira, koma sichikhoza kuyambanso mizu youma. Izi zimachitika pokhapokha pofuna kutsimikizira kuti sapling imadyetsedwa ndi kuchuluka kwa chinyezi choyenera, chomwe chiyenera kukhala chokwanira kwa iye mpaka atayamba kudziyesa yekha kunthaka.
Mukamadzala nokha, sapling m'matope a dzenje mpaka pamtunda wa mizu yake, sayenera kubvumbidwa ndi mdima ngakhale pang'ono.
Ndikofunika kukaika mdzenje pang'onopang'ono, pang'onopang'ono, kuti asawononge mizu komanso kuti airbags asakhale pafupi nayo.
Pachifukwa ichi, pakati pa njirayi, mutha kutsanulira madzi angapo m'menje, yomwe idzaphatikiza nthaka. Komanso, pomaliza kubzala sapling iye anamwetsanso madzi ambiri. Pafupi ndi mmera ayenera kukhala kuyendetsa galimotokotero kuti akamakula amakula. Nkofunika kuti musaiwale kubisa nthaka ndi moss kapena utuchi.
Kodi kudula mphesa kumachitika bwanji?
Kuti muzitha kusonkhanitsa mphesa zabwino, ndikofunika kuti mum'konzekere bwino. Monga tanena kale, cuttings amakolola mu kugwa, powadula kunja kwa mpesa.
The mulingo woyenera kwambiri kutalika kwa kudula - 2-3 maso. Gawo la pansi liyenera kuchotsedwa. Koma amadulidwa kuchokera kumbali ziwiri kuti atenge khola, lomwe kenako lidzalowa mugawanika.
Kuchulukitsa mphamvu ya kudula, imadzizidwa mumadzi ndi mizu kukula stimulators pamaso inoculation. Nthawi zambiri amalangizidwa makina a sera, chifukwa chomwe chimapezeka chinyezi chimatenga nthawi yaitali.
Kukonzekera kwa chitsa kumaphatikizapo kuchotsa chitsamba chakale, kuchotseratu malo odulidwa otsala pamtunda wa masentimita 10, ndikugawaniza katunduyo. Ndikofunika kuti kupatukana uku kuli kozama, mwinamwake mukhoza kuwononga katundu yense.
Monga tanenera kale, kudula kwake kumadulidwira kugawanika ndi kulimbidwa mwamphamvu ndi kumangiriza chitsa ndi chingwe kapena nsalu yokhazikika. Malo ophatikizira ayenera kukhala odzozedwa kwambiri mothandizidwa ndi dothi, zomwe zidzasungiranso katundu yense wa kudula ndi kusungira mpaka nthawi ya kuvomereza kwake. Pambuyo pake, zochitika zofananazo zimachitika, monga ndi mbewu yokhayokha yomwe inabzalidwa.
Vine Care: Ndi Zowonjezera Ziti ndi Zomwe Mbewuzi Zimabzala?
- Mphesa zimakonda chinyezi, zomwe amafunikira kukula ndikupanga mbewu. Pachifukwa ichi, tchire la mpesa liyenera kuthiriridwa panthawi yomwe chitsamba chimalowa m'nyengo yokula komanso pakatsanulira zipatso. Komanso musaiwale za chitsamba chilala.
- Kuti muteteze chinyezi m'nthaka kwa nthawi yayitali, onetsetsani kuti mukuphimba ndi mulch. Zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zambiri zimagwiritsidwa ntchito moss kapena utuchi, zomwe zakhala zikuda kale.
- Fruiting mpesa chitsamba amafunikira mphamvu yowonjezera kuti apange mbewu. Pachifukwachi, amafunikira kudyetsedwa nthawi zonse ndi chithandizo cha feteleza omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pokonzekera dzenje.
- Chaka chilichonse, onetsetsani kuti muzitha kutulutsa mphukira, kuchepetsani aliyense wa iwo ndi maso 6-8. Zingathe kudulidwa pokhapokha pa "tulo" ta tchire, ndiko kuti, kugwa kapena kumayambiriro kwa masika. Pa nthawi yomweyi, tizidulidwe tingathe kukolola.
- "Bazhena" amatanthauza kuphimba mafomu, kotero isanafike nyengo yozizira, musaiwale kusamalira malo ogona a chitsamba chanu.
- Ngakhale kuti ndibwino kutsutsa, mphesa zotchulidwazo zimafunikira nthawi zonse zowononga kupopera mankhwala. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito katatu nthawi imodzi, nthawi zonse musanayambe maluwa. Komanso, muyenera kumvetsetsa maonekedwe a phylloxera, kuti muchite zofunikira kuti muteteze.
