Divo biringanya masamba, osati kwambiri-kalori, ili ndi zinthu zambiri zothandiza ndi katundu wopindulitsa.
Poyambirira, pamene akunena za biringanya, ambiri a iwo anali kugwirizana ndi kum'mwera, kutentha.
Pambuyo pake, aliyense amadziwa kuchuluka kwa chipatso ichi ndi thermophilic.
Koma, kumapeto kwa zaka zapitazo, wamaluwa a pakatikati a Russia komanso Siberia anayamba kukula.
Chinthu chachikulu ndicho kusankha kalasi.
Kuyambira nyengo ya kukula ya zipatsozi ikhonza kukhala masiku 120 mpaka 180, ndipo nyengo yachilimwe ndi yochepa, zimalangizidwa kuti apange mitundu yoyambirira kapena yapakatikati.
Nkhaniyi imatchula mitundu yambiri yodalirika, yokoma, yochititsa chidwi komanso yolimba chifukwa chokula ku Siberia.
"Diamondi" - mitundu yakale yololera
Zosiyanazi ndizochikale, zimayendetsedwa kwambiri, kuphatikizapo Siberia. Chitsamba chimakula kwambiri, chomwe chimapangitsa kuti chisamalire, masambawo ali ndi mtundu wobiriwira.
Mitundu yosiyanasiyana ndi yakucha kucha: kuchokera kumera mpaka kucha - masiku 115 -150. Kutalika kwa mphukira kumatha kufika masentimita 60.
Zokolola za zosiyanasiyana ndi chisamaliro choyenera zingakhale zosiyana kwambiri. Kuchokera ku chitsamba chimodzi akhoza kusonkhanitsidwa zokolola 4-6 makilogalamu, ndi bwino - komanso oposa 6 makilogalamu.
Zipatso zimadziwika ndi mawonekedwe ozungulira. Panthawi yomweyi, kutalika kwa chipatso chimodzi kumatha masentimita 14-18. Iwo ali ndi mtundu wofiirira, wowala.
Zolemba zamasamba sizomwe zili zolembedwa, koma ndi 100-200 g. Thupi ndi lofiira, lobiriwira, losakhala lopweteka, losangalatsa, losasangalatsa.
Zipatso zimadziwika ndi chogwirana, chokongoletsera m'munsi mwa mbewu. Kutalika kwa chitsamba kukulolani kuti mukulitse izi zosiyanasiyana mu zitsulo
Bzalani silingalole kutentha kwapafupi, makamaka madontho akuthwa. Choncho, odziwa wamaluwa amalangiza kudzala izi zosiyanasiyana wowonjezera kutentha zinthu.
Ndibwino kuti mubzala nyemba zoyambirira za March. Mbewu ziyenera kuikidwa mu nthaka osapitirira 1.5 masentimita. Pamene kusungunuka kutentha kuchokera ku +22 mpaka 28 degrees, kumera kumachitika masiku 8-10. Mbande ziyenera kubzalidwa kokha pambuyo pa malo abwino otentha. Chiwombankhanga chofesa kwambiri chikhoza kuganiziridwa ngati 70x40 cm.
Zimalimbikitsidwa kukula mbeuyi mumtunda wa greenhouses kapena pansi pa chithunzi cha filimu. Musaiwale za chikhalidwe cha chinyezi cha zomera.
Chifukwa chosowa chinyezi, imfa ya chomeracho ndi yosapeweka. Kuonjezera zokolola, muyenera kugwiritsa ntchito mapangidwe apadera ndi zowonjezera.
Fomu yoyamba yowonjezera "Epic" - zokongoletsa mabedi
Mitundu ya biringanya "Epic" ndi yofiira yoyamba yakucha. Pambuyo pa kuziyika kumalo otseguka, masiku 65 -70 amatha kupitirira chipatso chikapsa.
Mmerawo ndi wamtali (95-100 cm), wowongoka, wamphamvu. Mafilimu a fodya, omwe sagwirizana kwambiri ndi chikhalidwechi, sakudziwika ndi Epicu. Wolemekezeka ndi izi zosiyanasiyana zokhoza kuthetsa zipatso.
Kuphuka koyamba kwa zipatso za "Epic" zosiyanasiyana, kukana matenda, kumalonjeza kuti ngakhale 1m2 ya chiwembu chanu chingakupangitseni kukhala osangalala ndi mbewu ya ma kilogalamu 8.
Chomera chokwanira panthawi yokolola chimangopachikidwa ndi zipatso zazikulu (10x22 cm) zamdima wofiirira, zooneka ngati zoboola. Manyowa ndi owopsa, amodzimodzi, osakhala ndi mkwiyo, ali ndi mgwirizano wokometsera zamakono. Chiwerengero cha zipatso zolemera 300-400 g
Mitundu yambiri ya "Birani" yotchedwa "Epic" imatha kulingalira pakati pa ndiwo zamasamba "mtsogoleri wa zamalonda." Ndipo onse chifukwa cha kuyambirira kusasitsa, zokolola zazikulu, khalidwe labwino kwambiri la zipatso, ndi kukaniza matenda.
Olima ndiwo amalangiza izi zosiyanasiyana kuti zisamangidwe m'malo obiriwira okha, komanso m'mabwalo otseguka, ndipo zosiyanasiyana zimayikidwa pafupifupi kulikonse.
Zowopsya za biringanya zosiyanasiyanazi ndi zovuta kusiyanitsa. Chinthu chachikulu ndikuwunika nthawi zonse ulimi wothirira. Musapitirire, kotero kuti mizu yovunda sichikuchitika, komabe, nthaka siingakhale yochuluka.
Mitengo yambiri ya biringanya bwino pa umuna, dothi lowala. Ndi zofunika kuika pambuyo anyezi, nkhaka, mbewu zoyambirira. Mitundu.
M'pofunika kukula mbande. Kudyetsa mbande n'kotheka mutatha kutenthetsa nthaka mozama 10 - 12 cm mpaka +15 ° C. Kuchulukitsa kwa kubzala mbande ya biringanya Pamene mukudzala pansi pa 1 ha - 16000 - 20000 zomera. Chida cholowera: 80 - 100x45 - 60.
Ndi zofunika kukula mbande popanda kukolola, chifukwa zimatha kuchepetsa nthawi yakucha chipatso (pambuyo pake, pakukolola, zomera zimalowanso kusintha). Ndiponso, mutabzala mbande pamalo otseguka, kapena pogona panthawi yeniyeni, iyenera kumangirizidwa nthawi zonse kumbali yothandizira.
"Kumayambiriro kwa zaka 921" - zonse zokhudza zosiyanasiyana ndi phindu lake
Mitunduyi ndi ya kuphuka koyambirira, yamitundu yambiri. Nthawi yochokera kumera mpaka kukhwima ndi masiku 90 - 110.
Kutsika kwachitsulo - 30-45 masentimita, kumabala nthambi zitatu kapena zisanu. Zimayambira phokoso, masamba ndi mdima wobiriwira, nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi mitsempha yofiirira. Low zipatso mount pa zimayambira.
Mitundu imeneyi imapezeka ku Siberia chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwake. Zokolola zowonjezera mafilimu zimachokera ku 3.6 mpaka 5.7 makilogalamu pa mita imodzi, chifukwa chotseguka chimachokera pa matani 14 mpaka 22 pa galamu.
Zipatso zimadziwika ndi mawonekedwe ozungulira kapena ozungulira. Mu nthawi ya kukwera kwapadera amapeza mtundu wofiira wa mdima; ndi nthawi ya chiwopsezo chakuphulika, zipatso zimakhala brownish-bulauni.
Zipatso zimatha kufika 200 magalamu 300.
Kukoma kwabwino ndi chimodzi, koma ndondomeko yamtengo wapatali yogula mbewu izi.
Kuipa kwa kukula kwa mbewu zosiyana siyana za biringanya sikunakhazikitsidwe.
Kubzala biringanya kotere kumadalira nthawi yonse ya kubzala mbande m'nthaka. Pansi pa zochitika zowonjezera kutentha (ngati nkotheka, ngakhale kutenthedwa), mbande zingabzalidwe kale kuyambira kumapeto kwa April. Koma, sikungamveke kubzala mbande kumayambiriro kwa mwezi wa May, kupatula ngati mukukonzekera kukula ma eggplants m'mabotolo kapena pansi.
Izi ndi zofunika! Musachedwe pa kubzala biringanya kwa mbande, popeza ali ndi nyengo yaitali. Mpaka kubzala mbewu, iyenera kufika zaka makumi asanu ndi awiri mphambu zisanu ndi zisanu ndi ziwiri (75), komanso, kuphatikizapo masiku asanu ndi asanu (10) asanayambe kumera. Pachifukwa ichi, ndi zofunika kubzala izi zosiyanasiyana pakati pa February.
Chomera sichifunikira chisamaliro chapadera. Kuyenera kokha nthawi zonse kumasula nthaka, mulch komanso kuchotsa namsongole. Ndibwino kuti muthe kuchotsa masamba otsika achikasu ndi mphukira zopanda kanthu, choncho zomera zidzakhala zotseguka kwambiri ku dzuwa.
Masamba ayenera kuyang'aniridwa nthawi ndi nthawi kwa nthata za kangaude. Ngati mavitaminiwa amapezeka, fitoderm ingagwiritsidwe ntchito polimbana. Zokonzekera za zipatso ziyenera kuchitidwa musanayambe khungu, siziyenera kuumitsa.
Biringanya, yomwe idzawonekera pa tebulo lanu - "Oyambirira 148"
Zakale zodziwika kwambiri. Mitundu yoyamba ikuluikulu ingagwiritsidwe ntchito pazitseko zonse zotseguka komanso zotseka.
Chitsambacho ndi cha mtundu wa stunted (20-55 masentimita), wokhazikika, yaying'ono. Kukwera kwazamisiri kumachitika patatha masiku 110, masiku - masiku 148.
Zosiyanazi sizodziwika ndi kuchuluka kwamanyazi, koma panthawi yomweyi zimapereka zotsatira zabwino: Pakuti zowonjezera mafilimu - 2.5-5.0 makilogalamu / m2, kutseguka - 12.0-18.0 t / ha.
Zipatso zowonjezera, zolemera mpaka 100-200 magalamu. Amadziwika ndi pepala lopangidwa ndi peyala kapena yofupikitsidwa, ndipo kutalika kwa chipatso chimodzi kumatha kufanana ndi masentimita 5 mpaka 8, ndi masentimita 5-6 masentimita.
Pofika nthawi yowoneka bwino, zipatso zimakhala ndi mdima wofiira, komanso nthawi yowoneka bwino. Zipatso za biringanya "kucha" zili ndi mnofu wambiri, popanda kuwawa, kuwala kobiriwira.
Kuphweka Mitundu imeneyi imatsimikizira kukolola m'madera otentha a ku Siberia. Kawirikawiri amalimbikitsidwa kuti asamalidwe komanso kuphika. Zipatso biringanya oyambirira pamaso frosts.
Kukula kwa kukula kwa biringanya izi sikunakhazikitsidwe
Kufesa mbewu za kukula mbande limalimbikitsidwa kumapeto kwa February, kumayambiriro kwa March. Mzere ukuzama sayenera kupitirira 1.5 masentimita.
Mbewu idzayamba kumera masiku 8-10, kupatula kuti kutentha kwakukulu kumasungidwa + madigiri 22-26. Kusankha kuyenera kumalowetsedwa ndi kusintha kwa nthawi iliyonse, ndipo njirayi iyenera kuchitika ndi tsamba lachiwiri loona.
Malo osungiramo zomera akhoza kubzalidwa patatha masiku 60-70, koma kubzala kotseguka kumachitika kokha pambuyo poti chisanu chadutsa kwambiri, ndiko kuti, mu theka lachiwiri la June. Kukula kwa mlingo kumakhala koyenera, kuchokera pa mbeu 12,000 mpaka 18,000 pa hekitala.
Chisamaliro chonse cha chomera ndicho kukhala ndi kutentha kozizira, kuthirira nthawi zonse, feteleza, kumasula. Pofuna kufulumira kumera, kubzala mbewu, komanso kuonjezera kusungunuka zipatso, kugwiritsa ntchito zozizwitsa zowonjezera.
Pafupi mwezi umodzi mutatha maluwa, zipatso zipse ndipo zakonzeka kukolola. Dulani iwo ku zimayambira ayenera kukhala shears kapena mpeni kuti apewe kuvulaza mbewu.
Biringanya "Black Black" - zomwe mumamukonda ndendende?
Zosiyanasiyana ndi pakati pa nyengo, kukula mofulumira. Kuchokera ku mphukira kupita kuzinthu zowoneka bwino kuyambira masiku 110 mpaka 145. Oyenera kukula mu greenhouses, ndi malo otseguka, ndi pansi pa malo osungirako mafilimu.
Chomeracho chimadziwika ndifupikitsa interlozii. Kutalika kumatha kufika 50-70 cm.
Izi zosiyanasiyana ndi chisamaliro chimadziwika ndi zokolola zambiri. Kuchokera m'dera la 1 m2, zimatha kusonkhanitsa pafupifupi 5 kilograms za biringanya (pansi pa zobiriwira mu zofiira zamagetsi), ndi matani 20 pa hekita, mutakula mutseguka.
Zipatso zili ndi mdima wonyezimira kapena mdima wofiira, ndipo khungu limakhala lokongola kwambiri. Maonekedwe awo ndi ofanana ndi mapeyala. Zingathe kulemera 200 g. Thupi silikhala lowawa, landiweyani.
Chiwerengero pakati pa wamaluwa wamitundu yosiyanasiyana amatsimikiziridwa ndi chikhalitso ndi chochezeka chobala zipatso. Zipatso zimalolera kuyenda komanso kusungirako nthawi yaitali.
Zotsambazi zingakhale zotetezedwa mwachangu ku mitundu yonse ya zophikira.
Kalasi biringanya Black wokongola kumpoto ndi kwambiri chapakati zigawo za Russia, ndi zofunika kukula mu greenhouses - pansi pa kanthawi mafilimu pogona, mu hotbeds, greenhouses.
Bzalani mbande pa mbande zisakhale zoyambirira kusiyana ndi theka la February. Mwa njira yosinthira (monga momwe zingathere, osati posankha), kulowetsani mu chotengera cha mitundu yayikulu, pa siteji ya kukula kwa masamba awiri enieni.
Ndibwino kuti tifunikire pansi pokhapokha chisanu chimatha, mu May - June. Kutuluka kwake kungayang'ane monga: 40 * 60cm.
Malo otsetsereka ayenera kukhala ngati dzuwa lotheka, nthaka imadzaza ndi zinthu zakuthupi. Kuyenda pambuyo pa nightshade sikunakonzedwe. Otsogolera abwino angaganizidwe: nyemba, kaloti, anyezi.
Mfundo zazikuluzikulu za kusamalira biringanya zosiyanasiyanazi zikhoza kuchepetsedwa: kuchepetsa nthawi zonse, kudyetsa, kutsegula. Kupanga chitsamba ndikofunika kuonjezera zokolola.: isanafike mphanda woyamba, chotsani masamba ndi mphukira.
Chakumapeto kwa July, tisiyeni ma ovari ambiri payekha, kuchotsani mazira ambiri ndi maluwa.
Ndizosangalatsa kuwerenganso za kulima mbande za tsabola wa ku Bulgaria.
"Nutcracker" - biringanya yabwino ndi dzina lopambana
The Nutcracker - Medium Early mkulu-ololera wosakanizidwa. Kuchokera panthawi yomwe mukumera kukhwima, masiku 45 ndi okwanira. Zitsamba zowonongeka, zifike kutalika kwa masentimita 80. Masamba ali ndi mtundu wobiriwira. Mitundu yosiyanasiyana imatengedwa kukhala yodzichepetsa.
Kawirikawiri zokolola pa chitsamba ndi 3-5 makilogalamu, koma ngati chisamaliro chiri chabwino kwambiri, ndiye kuti makilogalamu 6 akhoza kusonkhanitsidwa.
Zipatso za biringanya zosiyanasiyanazi ndi mdima wofiirira, ndi zofiira peel, chowulungika. Kutalika kwa chipatsocho ndi 12-14 masentimita. Chimake cha chipatsocho ndi pafupifupi 250 mpaka 600 g. Thupi silikhala nalo kuwawa, ndi loyera.
Waukulu mwayi wa zosiyanasiyana zimenezi amalingalira kuti nthawi zonse, ngakhale kumtunda kwa chomera, protoobrazovanie. Chifukwa cha izi, zokolola zimasonkhanitsidwa m'magulu angapo. Zipatso zimalolera kuyenda, musamasuke. Malingana ndi kusungidwa kwa nthawi yaitali.
Chosavuta chachikulu cha zosiyanasiyanazi ndi chidziwitso cha kukula pansi pa mafilimu, kapena kutentha.
Kulima kwa Nutcracker ndi mmera. Kumayambiriro kwa mwezi wa March, mukhoza kuchita kufesa mbewu. Kutentha kwakukulu kwa mbeu zowera, ndipo mbande zokula pambuyo pake zikhoza kuonedwa ngati madigiri 25.
Dothi la mbande liyenera kukhala lotayirira komanso lowala, liyenera kusunga chinyezi bwino. Kuyambira pakati pa mwezi wa June, mbande zikhoza kubzalidwa mu wowonjezera kutentha, kapena pansi. Chida cholowera - masentimita 40 mpaka 30.
Kulimbikitsa kukula kwakukulu kungakhale hilling. Komanso ndi zofunika nthawi nthawi chomera kudyetsa ndi zosiyanasiyana mchere feteleza. Nthawi yoyamba - mukhoza kudya patatha sabata mutabzalidwa mbande, ndipo yachiwiri - mwezi.
