Mwachidziwikire, munawona akalulu oyera omwe ali ndi makutu akuda, malo amdima pamphuno ndi miyendo yomweyo. Iwo sangathe kusangalatsa! Inde, uyu ndi kalulu wotchuka wa California! Aliyense angakonde kukhala ndi chiweto chokongola chotero!
Mtundu uwu ndi wabwino kwa kubzala mafakitale, umapindulitsa kwambiri, ndakatulo ya akalulu otere amafalitsidwa kuti apange nyama yambiri ndi ubweya wabwino. Zifupa zimaganiziridwa ngati broiler. Kuchita bwino kwabwino kumadalira kusankha mwaluso komanso kusamalira bwino. Tidzakambirana za momwe tingasamalire bwino ndi kusunga nyama izi m'buku lino.
Kulongosola mwachidule
Ndizosatheka kuti musakondwere ndi akalulu okongola ndi osewera a akalulu oyera omwe ali ndi makutu amdima ndi spout! Ichi ndi mtundu wotchuka wa California, umene umatchuka chifukwa cha kubereka kwake!
Nyama zoterezi zimasungidwa monga ziweto, komanso kubereketsa ziweto, pofuna kubzala mafakitale. Kuweta akalulu ndi imodzi mwa nthambi zomwe zikupita patsogolo pa chuma, komanso maziko a bizinesi yopambana kwa amalonda ambiri.
Ndibwino, nyama zimakula mofulumira ndikuwoneka bwino. Momwe mungawasamalire, tidzakambirana m'nkhaniyi.
Kufotokozera
Mitunduyi inalembedwa ku USA, idali chifukwa cha ntchito yosankhidwa ya akatswiri a ku America omwe adadutsa mtundu waukulu wa New Zealand, mtundu wa Russian ndi chinchilla.
Mitundu yatsopanoyi idathamangitsidwa kwambiri chifukwa cha kukongola kwake komanso kukolola kwake. Akalulu oterewa amasinthidwa mofanana ndi zikhalidwe za Russia ndikumva bwino mu ukapolo. Anabweretsedwa ku Russia mu 1971.
Akatswiri amakhulupirira kuti ubwino waukulu wa mtunduwu ndi kukula msinkhu, azimayi ali okonzekera umuna kale m'mwezi wachisanu wa moyo. Mu malonda oyambirira, amabweretsa akalulu 9-10. Mkhalidwe wakupha iwo amafika kanthawi kochepa.
Mtundu uwu ndi wamtengo wapatali chifukwa cha zakudya zapamwamba za nyama ndi ubweya woyamba. Ngati mukuziyerekezera ndi mitundu ina, ndiye zotsatira zake za mbali yofewa ndizokulu kwambiri. Pa nthawi yomweyi nyama ndi yabwino komanso yosangalatsa kwambiri. Chifukwa chake, iwo amaonedwa ngati broiler.
Maonekedwe
Izi ndi nyama zokongola za mtundu woyera, zomwe zimakhala zovunda, zofiira, mchira ndi nsonga za mphuno. Nyama yolimbayi, yolemera kwambiri imakhala yolemera makilogalamu 4.5. Anthu olemera kwambiri amafika makilogalamu 5.5-6. Zimatchedwa kuti pakati.
Akalulu oterewa ali ndi mafupa owonda, chifuwa chachikulu, chimbuyo cholimba, thupi laling'ono, ndi ubweya wonyezimira, wowala kwambiri.
Minofu ya anthu onse imakula bwino m'mbali iliyonse ya thupi, khosi ndi lalifupi kwambiri, kotero mutuwo ukuleredwa pang'ono.
Ubweya wa chinyama ndi wochuluka, wochulukirapo kusiyana ndi mtundu wina, uli wochuluka ndipo sungapangitse kumverera kwachisokonezo. Mezdra ndi wandiweyani komanso wandiweyani, tsitsi ndi chipale chofewa ndi kuwala. Pa khosi la nyama nthawi zina pali malo oyera. Makutu amtunduwu ndi owongoka komanso osaliatali (osapitirira 10, 5 masentimita), mawonekedwe ofiira-pinki, nthawi zonse amakhala omveka bwino.
Iwo ali ndi chikhalidwe chosewera, pamene iwo ali odekha ndi ochezeka. Ngakhale kuti mafinya amawoneka bwino, amunawa amakhala ndi ntchito yambiri, ndipo akazi amakhala ndi ubwino wambiri ndipo amabweretsa akalulu 8-10 mu malita amodzi, pamene zisa zilibe phindu. Izi zimasiyanitsa mtundu wonsewo.
Kukonzekera
Mtundu uwu unapangidwa ndi kutchuka kwambiri ndi milkiness kuchokera ku kalulu wa Russian mbira (chifukwa unalengedwa pa maziko a mtundu wa broiler). Kulemera kwake kwa msinkhu wa miyezi iwiri yomwe imakhala pamtunda wa 1.8 makilogalamu, anthu omwe amadyetsedwa bwino akhoza kulemera 2 kg kapena 2.3 makilogalamu, pa miyezi itatu omwe amayeza 2.6 kg kapena 2.7 kg. Akalulu akakhala ndi miyezi 4 amalemera makilogalamu 3, miyezi isanu ndi iwiri ikulemera 4.2 kg. Komanso, nthawi ya kukula kwachangu imathera.
Othawa amaonetsetsa kuti chakudya chogwiritsidwa ntchito pafupipafupi makilogalamu 3.5 kapena 4.5 makilogalamu odyetsa, pamene kupha nyama ndi 60%, ndi nyama - 82-85%, mafuta -1.8-2.5%, mafupa - 13-15%, pamene akukhala ndi zikopa zoyera zofiirira.
Mbali kuswana, chisamaliro
Nthano za ku California zimatchuka chifukwa cha luso lake lopangidwira; choncho, limamera bwino kumwera ndi kumpoto. Iwo mosavuta amalekerera frosts chifukwa cha fluffy paws.
Amakhulupirira kuti malo abwino kwambiri osungira chimbudzi ndi malo osungirako bwino omwe amayenera kupanga microclimate. Akalekanitsa chisa amakhala m'maselo akuluakulu. 120Х60Х60 masentimita. Miyendo yofewa imalola nyama kuti zikhale zabwino pamtunda wa matope mu kalulu wamakina. Kuyika mu maselo sikofunika kukonzekera. Pakuti ubweya umasamalidwa mosamala. Zomwe zili m'mayendedwewa ndizomwe zimachitika bwino pakati pa alimi amtundu ndi abusa akunja. Akalulu amagulitsidwa kwa anthu onse komanso minda ya ubweya.
Kunyumba, zinyama zokongolazi zili ndi zoweta zazikulu kusiyana ndi miyala. Chovuta chachikulu cha chisamaliro cha panyumba ndikuteteza ubweya wabwino kwambiri, kuphatikizapo, ngati mutakhala ndi kukongola koteroko, kumbukirani kuti chinyama sichikhala bwino ndi ana. Zosamalidwa zawo zonse ziribe zinthu ndi zovuta. Popanda kupereka mavuto apadera kwa mwiniwake, zinyamazi zomwe zimaoneka bwino zidzakondweretsa maso kwa zaka khumi (izi ndizokhazikika kwa moyo wawo).
Maluso
Nthanga za California zimatengedwa kuti ndi nyama yabwino kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi, yomwe ndi yachitatu mwa mitundu yamakono ya nyama. Ndi zabwino zomwe zili, zokolola za kuswana akalulu a California akuposa phindu loperekera akalulu akuluakulu.
Zopindulitsa zazikulu za mtundu ndizo:
- zovuta (zokonzeka kukwatirana patangopita miyezi 5);
- kuthamanga kwakukulu (kwa chaka mkazi angabweretse magawo 40 a ana);
- nthawi yofikira kukwaniritsa mawonekedwe oopsa.
Kuipa
Ubwino uli ndi ubwino ndi zovuta zonse, pakati pawo zimasiyanitsa gulu lovomerezeka ndi losayenera.
Ziphuphu zovomerezeka zikuphatikizapo:
- thupi losasamalidwa;
- chophatikizika mutu ndi mutu;
- makutu osankhidwa;
- miyendo yofooka ndi yowonda;
- zolepheretsa pang'ono kuchokera kumutu wambiri wa tsitsi, zotupa ndi silkiness wa ubweya;
- mtundu wofiira ndi wosasangalatsa wa mask masal;
- tsitsi losafunidwa pa khosi, pansi pa maso, pafupi ndi anus kapena mapira;
- ululu wa ubweya;
- Mtundu wa diso ndi ziphuphu zinasokonekera pang'ono.
- kuchepa (sikuyenera kukhala kochepera 3, 5kkg);
- fattening (anthu sayenera kukhala olemera kuposa 5, 5 kg);
- kukula kwakukulu kwa nsalu zamkati (kumtunda wapamwamba pafupi ndi maso);
- Kuphwanya maonekedwe amitundu (mawanga oyera amawonekera mdima, ndipo mosiyana, mawanga oyera amaonekera kumene kuli kofiira);
- ubweya ndi wosalala, osati wandiweyani, osati wofiira;
- mitundu yoyambirira ya maso ndi ziboda (osati khalidwe la mtundu);
Kudyetsa mbali
Ponena za chakudya, oimira mtundu umenewu amasankha kwambiri, makamaka nyama zazing'ono. Kalori yokhudzana ndi zakudya za akalulu aang'ono ayenera kukhala apamwamba, choncho minda imapanga mapuloteni apamwamba (mapuloteni), komanso mapulasitiki a akalulu aang'ono (ngati ayi, ndiye kuti chakudya chimapindula ndi zinyama zina). Ndibwino kudyetsa mkaka, komanso chakudya cha nsomba kapena ufa wa nyama. Onetsetsani kuti mupereke mafuta akabudula ndi keke. Pofuna kupititsa patsogolo chimbudzi, pogwiritsa ntchito maantibiobio, amakulolani kuti mupeze chakudya.
Mabilera amadyetsedwa popanda zoletsedwa, amapereka mochuluka ngati nyama yomwe amatha kudya, pomwe panthawi imodzimodziyo amapereka mwayi wa madzi abwino. Sitiyenera kukhala chimfine, chimatenthedwa mpaka kutentha.
Okrol
Mu dera lina, mkazi amabweretsa ana asanu ndi awiri (8-10) a 45 g aliyense, ali ndi mphamvu zowonjezera (kukula kwa phindu tsiku lililonse kulemera kwake ndi 40-45 g). Ana obadwa kumene amakhala oyera komanso amaliseche, amakhala ndi mtundu wa pigmentation ndi zaka. Kulemera kwa anawo kumadalira chiwerengero chawo mu zinyalala. Mitundu ya zinyama imanena kuti akazi nthawi zambiri amatulutsa zinyalala zowonongeka m'nyengo yozizira, m'chaka chonse chotsatira chikhoza kukhala ndi zosafunikira kwenikweni (anthu osabereka).
Amayi a ku California akusamalira amayi omwe ali ndi "mkaka" (amanyengerera mwachikondi ana ang'onoang'ono pamalo amodzi ndikuphimba ndi pansi) Ngati okol isakanikirana, ndiye kuti amatha kubweretsa ana 35 mpaka 40 pachaka! Amuna omwe amaluma ana kapena amabalalitsa pafupi ndi khola amakanidwa.
Ndibwino kuti azisangalalo azikhala ndi akalulu, omwe amapezeka kuchokera ku 1.2 kapena 3 pozungulira. Pofuna kubereka, akazi omwe ali ndi makhalidwe apamwamba amasankhidwa, chifukwa zazikulu ndi zazing'ono zomwe sizikusamala kapena kusamalira ana awo nthawi zambiri zimataya ana (amamwalira). Mwa amuna, choyamba chimaperekedwa kwa anthu amphamvu komanso olimbikitsa. Anthu amatha kubereka kwambiri mpaka kufika zaka zisanu.
Mimba yazimayi sichitha kuposa mwezi. Pamene akuweta alimi, akalulu, ndikofunika kuti nthawi yomweyo asagwirizane ndi kugonana. Chitani izi pambuyo pa kutha msinkhu, zomwe zimachitika mkati mwa miyezi itatu. Khwerero ili limakutetezani kuti musapezeke zokutira zokhazokha zomwe zimayambitsa zosafunika zina za maubwenzi ogwirizana.
Kuphatikizanso apo, pali nkhondo pakati pa amuna, anthu amphamvu amatha kudzikuta pamatumbo a mdaniyo.
Pofuna kudziwa molondola za kugonana kwa nyama, m'pofunika kufufuza ziwalo zawo zamkati. Kunja, amuna ndi akazi amasiyana pang'ono, makamaka pa miyezi itatu. Pa nthawi ya kubadwa - izi ndi zovuta kuchita, ochita zinyama omwe amadziwa bwino kugonana angadziwe kuti kugonana kwa ana a zaka zisanu ndi ziwiri kumakhala ndi chitsimikizo cha 100%, pamilandu yoyenera iwo amafufuza ana a mwezi umodzi. Okalambayo, ndizomveka kuti adziwe kugonana kwake (mwachindunji, chosadziwika ndi chachiwiri).
Nyama (makamaka osati osachepera ndi osachepera miyezi itatu) ziyenera kutembenuzidwa kumbuyo kwawo, atagwira khosi ndi mchira kuti agwiritse ntchito kumalo a anus.
Zilombozi zimakhala ndi chilankhulo choyambirira ndi lilime (pinki - ali aang'ono, ndi ofiira-akuluakulu), pansi pake pali chidutswa chaching'ono, chomwe chimapangika kumchira.
Amunawa amawonekeratu pang'ono poyera ndi dzenje pamwamba. Munthu wamkuluyo, wamkulu kuposa kukula kwake. Amuna achikulire, nsonga imasinthidwa ndi zaka: imakula pang'ono, imawongolera pang'ono, ndipo mawonekedwe ake amafanana ndi chipolopolo.
Pofuna kuchulukitsa ubwino wa okol, ndikofunika kutenga udindo wodzisankhira zogonana ndi kudula anthu nthawi. Mukamagula zinyama zatsopano musadalire mawu a wogulitsayo, fufuzani nokha momwe mumagula akazi ndi amuna omwe muli nawo.
Pofuna kudziwa kuti kalulu ali wokonzeka kukwatirana, ndi koyenera kuyang'anira khalidwe lake. Ngati atagwira ntchito, kuthamanga kuzungulira khola kumatulutsa pansi ndipo imanyamula udzu m'ma mano ake, kutanthauza kuti ali wokonzeka. Kuwonjezera pamenepo, m'pofunika kufufuza momwe ziwalo zake zimayambira: chikhocho chiyenera kukhala chowala kwambiri komanso chotentha. Ngati mukwapweteka mkazi amatha kumagona pamimba ndikukweza bulu wake. Nthawi imeneyi imakhala masiku 3-5.
Kusamalira Kalulu
Sizowonjezereka kugulitsa ndi kugula ana, chifukwa chitetezo chawo chimakhala chofooka, ndipo chili chofunikira kwambiri mkaka wa m'mawere. Malamulo a mayiko ambiri ndi oletsedwa.
Akalulu amawoneka wamaliseche, akhungu ndi ogontha, kuyambira tsiku lachiwiri la moyo amakhala pang'onopang'ono ataphimbidwa ndi tsitsi, ndipo tsiku la 10 amayamba kuona. Amatha kutengedwa pokhapokha ataphimbidwa ndi ubweya wa nkhosa.
Mlimi wofiira (ayenera kukhala munthu mmodzi) pa nthawi yoberekera akuyenera kuyang'anitsitsa anawo ndi kuchotsa mwana wosabadwayo pa chisa. Kufa kwa akhanda a akalulu ndi okwera kwambiri.
Amayi amasamalira ana kamodzi kapena kawiri pa tsiku, osapereka mphindi zisanu paulendo. Chimake cha ntchito yake chikugwera pa nthawi yamdima, choncho chisamaliro sichingaoneke kwa anthu. Masana ndi zachilendo kuti amayi a kalulu akhale kutali ndi ana, mwachilengedwe ndi momwe amachitira zinthu zowonongetsa okonzeka ku chisa.
Kawirikawiri, atabereka, akazi amakhala amwano, choncho iye ndi ana ake ayenera kuchitidwa bwino kwambiri. Chiwawa chiyenera kuonedwa ngati kuteteza ana anu ku ngozi.
Akalulu sali okondweretsa ndipo malingaliro omwe amadya ana awo ndi olakwika. Ngati mmodzi wa tiana akuluma, yang'anani kumene. Ngati ili ndi mimba, muyenera kudziwa kuti mayi wosazindikira uja adayesa kulumpha chingwe, ndipo adatenga dera lalikulu kwambiri ndi mano ake. Ngati mutu wavutika, ndiye kuti amayi ayesa kuchotsa chipolopolo kuchokera ku chikhocho sanapambidwe korona. Ngati mwana wakhanda ali ndi miyendo ya otkusheny kapena makutu, izi zikutanthauza kuti mayi amathandiza mwana kubadwa, kuchotsa ndi mano ake. Izi zimachitika nthawi yobereka woyamba.
Kuphatikiza apo, mabungwe amanyazi, makamaka panthawi yobereka komanso nthawi yopuma, motero, pochita mantha, amatha kuchita zinthu zochepa, mwachitsanzo, mosakayikira akuphwanya mwana woyamba kubadwa, kumuteteza ku ngozi.
Pali milandu pamene amakana kukhala ndi chibadwidwe, ngati ali mu chikhumbo chofuna kugwirizanitsa. Mayi woteroyo samanga chisa, amatsogolera ana kunja kwa chisa, amanyengerera ana, amawaletsa kuyamwa mkaka. Zikatero, amachotsedwa kuyamwa kwa maola 8 mpaka 10, akukonzekera kukambirana kachiwiri, ndipo zokhutirazo zimabwereranso kwa mwana yemwe amamupatsa mwaufulu. Izi zimachitika nthawi zambiri ndi achinyamata.
Mulimonsemo, wofalitsayo amafunika kuyang'anitsitsa momwe akalulu akulira, amafunika kuchotsa ana obadwa m'kupita kwa nthawi, komanso ngati zinyalalazo ndi zazikulu kwambiri kuti asapereke ana abwino kwa amayi omwe ali ndi zinyalala. Nyama zimalekerera fungo la manja a anthu ndipo mofunitsitsa zimadyetsa ena ndi makanda awo, ngakhale atakhudzidwa ndi manja awo. Asanatulutse ana kuchokera pachilumba, kalulu ayenera kuchotsedwa kumeneko, ndiye ana ayenera kusamutsidwa mosamalitsa ku khola lina ndipo ali ndi madzi.
