Mitengo ya apulo yamaluwa nthawi zonse imakopa chidwi cha wamaluwa, chifukwa ndi mitengo yochepa yomwe mungakolole zokolola zochuluka. Mmodzi mwa oimirira bwino a mtundu uwu ndi zosiyanasiyana "Bratchud", yomwe imadziwika ndi zipatso zokoma komanso zamtengo wapatali, zomwe simukuyenera kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zochuluka. Momwe mungamere mitengo yabwino ndi yamphamvu ndi zomwe muyenera kudziwa powasamalira - mumadziwa maminiti pang'ono.
Mbiri yobereka
Dzina losiyana ndi loyambirira - "M'bale wa Wodabwitsa", ndipo chidule cha "Bratchud" chinawonekera patapita kanthawi. 
Mulimonsemo, onsewa amatchula mitengo ya apulo ya nyengo yozizira, yomwe inalengedwa ndi obereketsa a South Ural Research Institute for Fruit-Kukula ndi mbatata kumudzi wa Chelyabinsk.
"Makolo" a mitundu yatsopanoyi ndi hybrid Vydubetskoy akulira apulo ndi mawonekedwe ovuta kwambiri a Ural Winter wosakanizidwa. Apple "Bratchud" inayamika chifukwa cha khama la akatswiri monga Mazunin N. A., Mazunina N. F. ndi Putiatin V. I.
Mu 2002, zosiyanasiyana zinapindula bwino.
Onetsetsani mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mitengo ya apulo monga Chifi Chofi, Ulemerero kwa Ogonjetsa, Zolinga Zapamwamba, Rozhdestvenskoe, Ural Bulk, Krasa Sverdlovsk, Orlinka, Orlovim, Zvezdochka, Kandil Orlovsky "," Papirovka "," Screen "," Antey "," Antonovka "," Uralets "," Pulezidenti "," Champion ".Ngakhale kuti zitsanzo zoyambazo zinkafika kumadera akumwera ndi kuzungulira Siberia, pambuyo pake zinakhala njira yabwino kwambiri yodzikwera m'madera ena a Russia, makamaka m'madera osiyanasiyana a Altai Territory ndi madera a kumpoto chakumadzulo kwa Ulaya.
Mtengo umalekerera nyengo ya chisanu pamene kutentha kumadutsa mpaka -40 ° C.Makhalidwe ofunika ndi Zida
Ubwino umodzi wa ma apulo osiyanasiyana ndi mwayi wokhala osungirako nyengo yozizira.
Malongosoledwe a "Bratchud" amatanthauza masiku 140 a chitetezo chawo chokhazikika, koma ngati mutangotha kukolola, ikani maapulo mumabokosi a matabwa ndi mabowo ndi kuwaika pansi, kumene kutentha kumakhala ku 10%.
Mukudziwa? Kusunga maapulo chifukwa cha kukhalapo kwa 20-25% mpweya wa misala wathunthu.Mbali ina ya mitundu yosiyanasiyana, yomwe ikufotokozedwa pazifukwa zosungirako, ndiko kusalana kwa pafupi ndi mbatata, choncho ndi bwino kuika mabokosiwo ndi zikhalidwe zosiyanasiyana m'zipinda zapansi.
Tsopano tiyeni tizimvetsera mbali zina za mitengo pawokha ndi zipatso zawo. 
Mitengo
Mitundu yambiri "Bratchuda" imatchedwanso "zachilengedwe zachilengedwe", yokhala ndi phwando lakuya ndi mamita awiri-3-3 ndi mamita awiri (ngati tikukamba za mtengo pa clonal rootstocks). Mukamagwiritsa ntchito mbeu yambewu, mukhoza kukula maapulo mpaka mamita 2.7 mamita.
Mtundu wa makungwa pa mphukira yaikulu ndi shtambe ndi mdima wakuda, ngakhale malingana ndi kukula kwa mtengowo nthawi zina mumakhala mdima wandiweyani kapena wopepuka. Fruiting ikugawidwa ku nthambi zonse za zipatso, kuphatikizapo kukula kwa chaka chatha.
Mphukira yaing'ono imakhala yofiirira, imakhala ndi mtundu wofiirira ndipo imadziwika ndi mitengo yofulumira kwambiri. Masamba ozungulira kwambiri ndi aakulu, amdima wobiriwira, ndipo pang'ono pubescence amaonekera momveka pamwamba pa mbale za masamba. 
Mphepete mwa masamba muli ndi chimbudzi chachikulu.
Zipatso
Maapulo a Bratchu ndi ausinkhu wautali, amagawidwa pang'ono ndipo amatha kudulidwa, ngakhale kuti chinthu chodziwika bwino cha zipatso zotere ndi kukhalapo kwa mbali ya mbali ya msoko, mwa mawonekedwe apansi.
Kunja kwa maapulo kuli kosalala, kouma, ndi sheen wofiira pang'ono ndi kusakhala kwathunthu kwa kavalidwe ka sera. Peel ndi yoonda kwambiri.
Mtundu wa chipatso cha mitundu yosiyanasiyana ndi wobiriwira, ngakhale kuti pafupifupi mapepala onse a apulo ali ndi zofiirira zofiirira. Sitimayo siitalika nthawi yaitali ndipo imayikidwa pamakona abwino. 
Mu maapulo okhwima bwino, zamkati zimakhala ndi mtundu woyera, pamene zimakhala zosapsa zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zobiriwira. Kusinthasintha kwa pakati pa apulo ndi kosalala, osati kowutsa mudyo, kotsekemera kwa kukoma.
Kuyang'anitsitsa mankhwala omwe amapangidwa ndi chipatso cha apulo "Bratchud", n'zosavuta kuona kuti ali ndi zigawo zonse zothandiza: shuga, titrated acids, ascorbic acid, pectins, zosakaniza zowonongeka.
Maapulo ndi abwino kuti azigwiritsa ntchito mofulumira ndikukonzekera ku kissel, compotes, juices, ndi zina zotero.
Mukudziwa? Mtengo wa apulo wotalika kwambiri womwe sunaswe panthawi yoyeretsa unkafika mamita 52 ndi masentimita 51, omwe amapezeka mu Guinness Book of Records. Katy Velfer wochokera ku New York mu 1976 adapatsa apulo maola 11 ndi mphindi 30.Kulemera kwake kwa apulo umodzi kumasiyanasiyana pakati pa 140-250 g, ndipo zipatso pafupifupi 120 kg zimatha kusonkhanitsidwa kuchokera ku mtengo umodzi. Nthaŵi zonse fruiting pachaka tingayembekezere kale chaka chachinayi mutabzala.
Malamulo a kusankha ndi kugula mbewu
Kuphatikiza pa malamulo omwe amasankhidwa posankha mbande (kusankha zinthu popanda zizindikiro za matenda, kuwonongeka, ndi zina zotero), pambali ya mitundu yaying'ono apo pali zizindikiro zina za ubwino wa mbande.
Inde, ngati mutagula chomera chaching'ono m'mimba yosungirako ana, ndiye kuti simukukayikira kuti mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya Bratchud ili patsogolo panu, koma ngati chisankho chodzala chikuchitika mumsika kapena mkhalidwe wabwino, ndiye kuti muyenera kusamala kuti musagule mtengo wa apulo mmalo mwa mtengo wamtengo wapatali. wow.
Kuti musalole njira yotereyi, poyang'ana chomeracho, samverani malo pakati pa mizu ndi tsinde la mmera: payenera kukhala chodziwika bwino ngati mawondo pazitsamba zazitali, zomwe zimasonyeza katemera.
Sapling wazaka ziwiri amakhala ndi nthambi zosachepera zinayi zokhala ndi masamba akuluakulu. Poyerekeza, dick akhoza kuona nthambi zambiri zowola popanda masamba amodzi. 
Mzu wa mbeu yosankhidwa bwino iyenera kupangidwa ndi chiwerengero chachikulu cha mizu yazing'ono, koma mizu ngati mizu iyenera kupeŵa, chifukwa imasonyeza kuti muli ndi mtengo wa apulo wamtchire.
Chabwino, ngati mbande zogulitsa zimakhala ndi zilembo za khalidwe - izi zidzakhala zowonjezera zowonjezera za kugula.
Kusankha malo pa tsamba
Musanabzala mitundu ya apulo "Bratchud" ndikofunika kudziwa molondola malo omwe kukula kwa mtengowo kumakhalako, chifukwa kuchuluka kwa mtsogolo kumadalira izi.
Mofanana ndi mitundu yambiri yamitundu yosiyanasiyana, zomera zomwe zimalongosola zimakonda kukwera komanso kutetezedwa kumadera a mphepo, komwe kuli dzuwa kapena mumdima wandiweyani. 
Ponena za nthaka, gawo lopatsa thanzi labwino ndi loyenera, ngakhale kuti fruiting yabwino imatha kupezeka pamene mukudzala mu dothi lamchenga kapena lachitsulo.
Ntchito yokonzekera
Kukonzekera konse kungagawidwe mu magawo awiri: kuyeretsa ndikukonzekera dera losankhidwa, ndipo kenako kuyendera ndi kuchiza nyemba musanadzalemo. Tidzatha kumvetsa maonekedwe a aliyense wa iwo.
Malo okonzekera
Ngati mukukonzekera kubzala kwa ma apulo a mitundu ya Bratchud zosiyanasiyana, ndiye kuti ndibwino kuti mupange feteleza ndikukumba nthaka m'malo osankhidwa.
Choyamba, m'pofunikira kuchotsa masamba onse ndi masamba otsala kuchokera kumalo osankhidwa, kenako kukumba nthaka ndi kuwonjezera zina kapena feteleza m'madzi (malingana ndi momwe dothi likuyambira, kuchuluka kwa manyowa omwe angagwiritsidwe ntchito kungasinthidwe). 
Pakubwera kasupe, pafupi mwezi umodzi musanabzala, dzenje lalikulu liyenera kukumba, 1.5 x 1.5 mamita (kukula kwake mofanana), ndi kuika peat kapena humus pansi pake.
Ndikofunikira! Ena wamaluwa amalangiza kukonzekera kubzala dzenje kuyambira autumn, kuti dziko likhazikike bwino nthawi yomwe kasupe ifika. Komabe, anzawo anzawo akulimbikitsanso "kutsitsi" kofanana kwa mpando, zomwe zidzathandiza kuti mbeuyo ikhale mofulumira. N'zovuta kunena chomwe chiri cholondola, chotero, n'zotheka kuwona kufunika kokha kugwiritsa ntchito aliyense payekha.Mitengo yoyandikana siimachepetsa kukula kwa wina ndi mnzake, pakati pawo imachoka mamita atatu kumbali zonse.
Mbande kukonzekera
Mosiyana ndi kukonzekera kwa malowa, ndondomeko yofananayo yokhudzana ndi mbande yokha, imachitidwa mwamsanga musanadzibzala, pafupi tsiku. Muyenera kufufuza bwinobwino mbeuyo (makamaka mizu) ndikudziwiratu.
Ngati mizu yayuma, ndibwino kuikamo m'madzi kwa maola 24, ngakhale, ndithudi, zikanakhala bwino mutagula zokolola mwamsanga mumangomanga rhizome yanu ndi nsomba yonyowa pokonza ndi malo anu malo mwamsanga. 
Mizu ya mmera yabwino iyenera kudulidwa pang'ono musanadzalemo m'nthaka, yomwe ingakuthandizeni kupanga korona yapamwamba shtambur (nthawi yotsatira pamene kukula kukudutsa patatha chaka chimodzi).
Gawo ndi ndondomeko yobzala mbande
Nthaŵi yabwino yobzala mitengo ya apulo (ndi Bratchud mitundu yosiyana) imaonedwa kuti ndi yamasika, koma izi sizikutanthauza kuti simungathe kudzala mbande zomwe mwapeza, mwachitsanzo, mu kugwa.
Zoona, muyenera kuchita izi kumapeto kwa September ndi kumayambiriro kwa mwezi wa Oktoba, kotero kuti isanafike isanayambike chisanu chokhazikika chimakhala ndi nthawi yokhazikika.
M'dzinja, mitengo ikangoyamba kulowa mudziko la mpumulo (kawirikawiri izi zimachitika kumayambiriro kapena pakati pa mwezi wa Oktoba), mukhoza kuyamba kukonza malo odzala ndikuyika mmera mwachindunji.
Dothi lalikulu la masentimita makumi awiri kuchokera ku dothi la mtsogolo liyenera kupindikizidwa kumbali, kenako limagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga gawo lapansi la zakudya, kuphatikiza ndi ndowa ziwiri za humus (kapena peat) ndi kuwonjezera 600 g wa superphosphate ndi 700 g wa phulusa la matabwa. 
Pambuyo kusanganikirana bwino, gawo lokonzekera limatsanulidwanso mmbuyo, lomwe linathamangitsidwa pakatikati pa chiwerengerocho. Chotsatira chake, muyenera kukhala ndi mchenga wadothi umene umapezeka.
Pa nthawi imodzimodziyo, mizu yonse ya chomera chachikulu iyenera kuyendetsedwa mosamala, kenako imangotsala kuti iphimbe dzenje ndi gawo lonse.
Malo apamwamba kwambiri a muluwo adzakhala malo omwe nthawi zambiri anali atasiyidwa kuchokera pamwamba pamwamba, popanda feteleza. Pakatha ntchito, malo opatsirana katemera ayenera kukhala mamita atatu pamtunda.
Ndikofunikira! Mizu ya mbewu yaying'ono sayenera kugwirizana mwachindunji ndi mankhwala kapena zowonjezera, chifukwa izi zingawotche.Mutabzala, nthaka yoyandikana ndi zomera ziyenera kukhala tamped, ndi kuchoka 0,5 mamita kuchokera pa thunthu, pangani kanyumba kakang'ono ka masentimita 15 kuchokera pansi.
25-30 malita a madzi amatsanuliridwa mu mzere wozungulira, ndipo kamodzi kokha utakonzedwa bwino, malowa akhoza kuwonetsedwa ndi humus kapena peat (osaposa masentimita atatu mukhola), koma kuti asakhudze thunthu la mtengo. Mbewu yokhayo iyenera kumangidwa pamtengo.Kudzala mtengo wamaapulo a Bratchu m'nyengo ya masika (nthaka iyenera kuti ikhale yodulidwa kale, koma masamba omwe ali pamitengo adatsekedwa), ntchito zonse zodzala zikuchitika malinga ndi zomwe tatchula pamwambapa, kupatula kuti pakukonzekera dzenje sikuyenera kukhala umuna mu kugwa.
Khalani ndi nyundo pamphepete, mulu mu nthaka ndikuyika mmera, kukwaniritsa njirayi mofanana ndi poyamba.
Pofuna kukolola komanso kukhala ndi mitengo ya apulo mutabzala munda pakati pa zomera zoyandikana muyenera kusiya mamita atatu, ndi pakati pa mizere - pafupifupi mamita anayi a malo opanda ufulu. 
Zosamalidwa za nyengo za nyengo
Pambuyo pa kubzala kwa apulo wa zosiyanasiyana "M'bale wokondweretsa" patsogolo panu padzakhala ntchito ina yofunika: kuonetsetsa kuti nyengo yaying'ono yodalirika.
Izi sizikutanthauza kuti njirayi ndi yosiyana kwambiri ndi zofanana ndizo pamene mukukula maapulo ena, koma musaiwale za zizindikiro zomwe zimakhalapo.
Kusamalira dothi
Asanayambe fruiting ya kambewu kakang'ono, mmera umayenera kuthirira nthawi ndi nthawi, koma osaposa kasanu pachaka, kutsanulira mitsuko isanu ya madzi panthawi imodzi. Madziwo atangotengeka, dothi lozungulira la mbiyayo liyenera kuzimitsidwa, osaloleza kuti likhale lolimba.
Pofuna kumasula, zomwe, njira, zimatha kuchitika mvula itatha, ndibwino kuchotsa namsongole panthaka, ndikuwongolera kukula kwa mtengo wosalimba. 
Nthawi zambiri kutentha komanso m'nyengo yozizira, timagulu ta thumba timakhala tambirimbiri, zomwe zimathandiza kupewa kutentha kwa madzi komanso kuteteza kuti mizu ikhale yozizira kwambiri. Peat, utuchi wa udzu kapena udzu wouma ndi woyenera kukhala ndi mulch.
Kupaka pamwamba
Ngati mukufuna kukhala ndi zipatso zambiri zamapulo, ndiye kuthirira nokha sikugwira ntchito. Chomera chirichonse chimafuna zowonjezerapo zowonjezerapo kuti zipeze zakudya za kukula ndi chitukuko.
Pankhani ya Bratchud zosiyanasiyana, zidzakwanira kufesa nthaka ndi feteleza organic 2-3 nthawi pa nyengo: mullein kuchotsa, kuchepetsedwa m'madzi mu chiŵerengero cha 1:10 kapena kulowetsedwa kwa nkhuku manyowa, koma kale wosakaniza madzi 1:20.
Manyowa a feteleza amapezeranso udzu, nyerere za nkhunda, fupa ndi nsomba, mazira a mkaka, mazira a mbatata, zikopa zazing'ono, zikopa zazing'ono, fumbi la fodya, peel anyezi, nettle.Zaka zitatu mutabzala, njira yothetsera feteleza yamchere ikhoza kuthiridwa pansi pa mtengo uliwonse: mwachitsanzo, m'chaka chingakhale mankhwala a nayitrogeni kapena ovuta.
Kuchiza mankhwala
Mwamwayi, mitengo ya apulo imakhala ndi matenda omwe ndi ofanana ndi achibale awo, choncho palibe chodabwitsa chifukwa chakuti nthawi zambiri pamakhala mitengo ya Bratchud zosiyanasiyana.
Ma spores a matendawa amanyamulidwa mosavuta ndi mphepo, ndipo ngati muyang'anitsitsa pa tsamba la masamba, mudzawawona: kawirikawiri kumbuyo kwa pepala muli malo obiriwira a mtundu wobiriwira, womwe pamapeto pake umatembenuza mafuta a bulauni.
Ndikofunikira! Ngati mitengo siidatengedwe nthawi, nkhanambo imakula mofulumira kupyola zipatso, ndipo imayamba kuphulika, ndipo zotsatira zake zimakhala kuti mbewu yonse ikhoza kutayika mosavuta. Kawirikawiri, matenda oterowo amawononga zomera panthawi yamvula pamene imakhala yonyowa pokhala kunja.Pofuna kupewa chitukuko cha matendawa, m'pofunika kuchita kupopera mbewu nthawi ndi nthawi.
Pakubwera kasupe, 3% Bordeaux madzi amagwiritsidwa ntchito pachifukwa ichi, ndi kubwereza kwa chithandizo pa nthawi yozizira. Mutatha kukolola, mtengowu umapulitsidwa ndi 5% urea.Kuwonjezera apo, kuteteza mbeu yanu ku matenda ndi tizilombo toononga kumathandiza ndi kugula ntchito, zomwe zimachitika mwamsanga masamba onse atagwa kuchokera ku mitengo ya apulo. Kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa pogwiritsa ntchito gawo limodzi lokha la Bordeaux osakaniza kapena "Nitrafen".
Kudulira
Kwa amtengo wapatali "Bratchuda" kudulira sikufunika kokha zaukhondo, komanso chifukwa chogawira zipatso ndi kuchotsa mphukira zofooka.
Kuwonjezera pa nthawi yaitali yofota kapena yowonongeka, nthambi zofooka zomwezo zimachotsedwa, zomwe zimapangitsa kupatulira pang'ono kwa korona, koma chinthu chachikulu sikutuluka malo opanda kanthu. 
Olima munda amalangiza kuti azidulira masamba apamwamba a mtengo wa apulo kuti mapakatiwo akhale abwino. Kudula mitengo yokhazikika ya mitengo ya apulo kumachitika kawiri pa chaka: mu masika ndi m'dzinja.
Ndikofunikira! Musaiwale kuti nthambi zonse sizingathe kukula mofanana, ndipo pakati pawo padzakhala zowonjezereka ndi zofooka, choncho ntchito yanu ndikuteteza kukula kwawo ndi kukonzanso mitengo ya apulo kuti nthambi zamphamvu zikhale pansi pa ofooka osati patsogolo pa zigawo zikuluzikulu.
Chitetezo ku chimfine ndi makoswe
Mzu wa apulo wamtengo wapatali "Bratchud" uli pafupi kwambiri ndi nthaka, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti zimatha kuzizira mosavuta m'nyengo yozizira. Choncho, ngakhale kuti nyengo yabwino yozizira yosiyanasiyana imakhala yozizira, mitengo iyenera kutetezedwa m'nyengo yozizira.
Asanayambe nyengo yozizira (chakumapeto kwa mwezi wa November), mitengo ya apulo imathiririzidwanso, kenako mtengo wa mtengo umapangidwa. 
Komabe, ngati mitengo yanu ya apulo ikukula m'madera okhala ndi madzi otsika pansi, ndiye kuti si bwino kuchitira ulimi wothirira podzimny, mwamsanga kuphimba bwalo loyandikana ndi manyowa.
Kuteteza zomera kuchokera ku chisanu cha chisanu ndi chikhomodzinso makoswe adzayenera kukulunga mitengo ikuluikulu ndi imodzi mwa zipangizo zomwe zilipo: nthambi za spruce, kraft pepala kapena zamtengo wapatali zopezeka padenga, mapepala apanyumba kapena mapepala a bango.
Kuwonjezera pamenepo, mapulasitiki apadera apadera, omwe amateteza mitengo mosavuta kuwonetsa chidwi kwa tizirombo tating'onoting'ono, chitani ntchito yabwino ndi ntchitoyo.
Ngati malamulo onse okhutira mtengo wa apulo amaonekera, mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya Bratchud idzakondweretsa inu ndi zokolola zochuluka za maapulo okoma, zomwe zingasungidwe bwino mpaka masika. Ndizomwe, ngakhale m'nyengo yozizira mumakhala ndi zipatso zonse nthawi zonse.
