Croton ndi chitsamba chosankha kuchokera ku banja la Euphorbiaceae. Pakadali pano, sizikudziwika kwa ambiri omwe amalumikizana ndi maluwa ochokera kunja. Nthawi zina mumatha kumva dzina la "codium croton". Ndi ofanana, motero ndikofunika kuyang'ana pansi pa amodzi a mayina. Mtengowo umasiyanitsidwa ndi masamba akulu owala ndi mawonekedwe osazolowereka. Dziko lakwawo ndi zilumba za m'nyanja ya Pacific, kuyambira Australia kupita ku India. Kusamalira croton ndikosavuta, chifukwa chake mbewuyi ndioyenera ngakhale kwa oyambitsa kumene.
Kutanthauzira kwa Botanical
Croton ndiwosatha wokhala ndi mphukira zophukira. M'malo achilengedwe, umatha kufikira kutalika kwa 3 m, koma nthawi zambiri umakula kuposa 70-120 cm mukalima m'nyumba. Pa iwo pali masamba akuluakulu a petiolate.
Ma mbale opanda masamba amatha kukhala osiyanasiyana: kuyambira lanceolate ndi chowulungika mpaka zitatu-zopindika. M'mphepete mwa masamba nthawi zambiri mumakhala lathyathyathya kapena pang'ono. Tsamba lamasamba limakhala ndi mawonekedwe otonthoza m'mitsempha. Nthawi zambiri mitsempha imafotokozedwa ndi mizere yamitundu yosiyanasiyana. Mtundu wa masamba ndi wobiriwira wakuda ndi madontho achikasu, oyera kapena apinki.
Panthawi yamaluwa, mitundu yaying'ono ya panicrate inflorescence imapanga mawonekedwe a masamba. Pazovala zowunikira pali masamba angapo oyera.
Zizindikiro za Croton
Chomera cha croton, monga euphorbiaceae, chimafuna kusamalidwa mosamala. Madzi ake akhoza kukhala oopsa kwa ziweto. Zimakhumudwitsanso khungu, kotero njira zonse zokhala ndi duwa zimachitika bwino ndi zoteteza.
Croton amatengedwa ngati chomera champhamvu kwambiri. Imatsuka nyumba zamadzimadzi zoipa, imateteza ku "magetsi oyipitsa" ndikuwonjezera chidaliro cha mwini. Duwa liyenera kubzalidwa pakati pa anthu oganiza, olimbitsa thupi, komanso omwe akufuna ntchito kuti ichite bwino.
Mitundu ndi mitundu yazomera
Mwachilengedwe, pali mitundu ingapo ya croton, koma croton yamitundu yambiri yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito kulima m'nyumba. Kutengera ndi izi, mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya haibridi idadulidwa; zithunzi zawo zimapezeka m'mabuku ambiri ogulitsira. Mitundu yosangalatsa kwambiri ndi iyi:
- Petra. Chomera chimapanga chitsamba chamadzi chokhala ndi nthambi zambiri. Zithunzi zachikopa zimakhala pamabowo kachiwiri. Mbale yamtundu wamtundu wowola kapena wamabowo imakhala ndi mtundu wobiriwira wowoneka bwino wokhala ndi madontho achikasu ndi mikwingwirima m'mitsempha.
Croton Petra - Zabwino kwambiri. Masamba atatu opindika bwino amafanana ndi thundu. Mikwingwirima yobiriwira ndi yachikaso ndi mawanga otumphuka pamwamba pa pepalalo. Mithunzi ya pinki imapambana kumbuyo kwa pepalalo.
Zokongola - Zanzibar Masamba amtunduwu amapanikizika kwambiri ndipo amakhala ndi maziko. Pamalo obiriwira pamakhala mikwaso yachikasu, lalanje ndi burgundy.
Zanzibar - Akazi a Iston. Zosiyanasiyana zimapanga mtengo wawung'ono kapena chitsamba chophuka ndi masamba akuluakulu. Patsamba lamasamba obiriwira pamakhala burgundy ndi pinki mawanga, komanso magolide agolide.
Akazi a Iston
Kuswana
Kubalana kwa croton kumapangidwa ndi njere kapena njira zamasamba. Mbewu za Croton zitha kugulidwa kapena kusungidwa palokha. Atatha maluwa, amasamba m'mabokosi ang'onoang'ono. Mbewu zimapangidwa theka lanyengo yachisanu. Tsiku lisanabzalidwe, mbewuzo zimanyowa muzu kuti azithamangitsira kumera. Amagawidwa pamtunda wamchenga peat ndikuphwanyidwa pang'ono kuchokera kumwamba. Mphika wokutidwa ndi filimu. Tsiku ndi tsiku malo wobiriwirawo amakhalamo mpweya ndipo nthaka imapakidwa. Mbande zitha kuyembekezeredwa masabata 3-4 mutabzala. Ngati dothi latenthe pang'ono, kumera kumathandizira.
Njira yosavuta komanso yothandiza ndikufalitsa zidutswa za croton. Ndikokwanira kudula mphukira za apical ndi masamba 2-3 kuyambira March mpaka June. Maola ochepa oyambilira amakhala ndi zodula m'madzi kuti madzi amchere asapukutidwe. Pakapita kanthawi, zotsalira zake zimachotsedwa, ndipo mbewuzo zimabzalidwe mumsakanizo wamchenga. Mphika wokhala ndi mbande umasiyidwa m'chipinda chowala ndi mpweya wabwino pafupifupi + 25 ° C. Mizu imawonekera pakatha masiku 25-30, kenako croton amayamba kutulutsa mphukira mwachangu.
Mutha kutenga chomera chatsopano mothandizidwa ndi zigawo za mpweya. Kuti muchite izi, chotsani khungwalo kuchokera kumtunda wophatikizana ndi mphukira ndikuwachotsa pamizu. Kenako muyenera kukonza pansi ndi waya. Pakadutsa masabata atatu, mizu imayamba, ndipo mutha kusiyanitsa mphukira ndi chomera.
Thirani
Kuyika kwa croton wachinyamata kumachitika chaka chilichonse. Chomera chokulirapo chimabzulidwa pakatha zaka 2-4. Popanda njirayi, phesi limayamba kukhala lopanda kanthu, ndipo masamba amakhala ochepa, zomwe zimakopa chidwi. Nthawi yabwino kwambiri yosinthira ndi hafu yoyamba ya masika. Panthawi imeneyi, tikulimbikitsidwa kuchotsa mbali ya dothi. Kusamalira kwambiri kuyenera kumwedwa ndi mizu. Kuwonongeka kulikonse kapena kudula kwa muzu kumadzetsa matenda komanso kuchira kwakutali.
Mphika umasankhidwa mwakuya kwambiri komanso mulifupi pang'ono kuposa woyamba. Madzi okwanira masentimita atatu ndikuthira pansi.Dothi la croton limapangidwa ndi izi:
- land sheet (mbali ziwiri);
- mchenga (gawo 1);
- dziko la turf (gawo 1).
Popewa kukula kwa zowola, ndikofunikira kuwonjezera makala pamtengowo. Ngati malowo atengedwa pachawo, ayenera kuwotchera musanadzalemo kuti awononge majeremusi.
Kusamalira Croton
Kwa croton yamkati, chisamaliro chofunikira sichofunikira. Mtengowu amaonedwa kuti ndi wopanda ulemu. Imakonda zipinda zowala ndipo imamva bwino kwambiri kum'mawa kapena kumadzulo kwawindo. Popanda kuwala, masamba amasinthana ndipo amatha kuzimiririka. Kutentha kwanyengo, kumalimbikitsidwabe kuti muvute korona pang'ono kuti mutetezedwe pakuwotcha.
Kutentha kwambiri kwa chilimwe kwa croton kuli mndandanda + 25 ... + 27 ° C. M'nyengo yozizira, tsiku lounikira likacheperachepera, ndikofunikira kusinthira malowo kumalo ozizira ndikusunga nthawi ya + 18 ... + 20 ° C. Ngati kusiyana kotereku sikungatheke, kuyambiranso kuyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito, chifukwa kwa mbewuyo pali ubale wolunjika pakati pa kutentha kwa mpweya ndi kuyatsa.
Wokhala m'malo otentha amafunikira chinyezi chambiri. Zoyenera, ziyenera kukhala 80%. Tchire limamva bwino mu Conservatory. Kuti mukwaniritse chizindikirochi, mutha kugwiritsa ntchito njira zina zilizonse: finyani korona, pukutani masamba ndi dothi, sambitsani mbewuyo posamba, ikani mizere yoyandikana ndi thovu ndi miyala yokumbira.
Croton iyenera kuthiriridwa madzi pafupipafupi komanso mochuluka. Ndikulimbikitsidwa kugwiritsa ntchito madzi oyera, ofunda. Nthaka sikuyenera kupukuta, koma madzi owonjezeramo samavomerezeka.
Zomera zimayamba kuyikidwa kumayambiriro kwa Epulo ndikupitilira mpaka pakati pa nthawi yophukira. Chitani izi kawiri pamwezi, pogwiritsa ntchito ma mineral complexes pazomera zokongoletsera masamba.
Kuti croton ikhale yokongola, ndikofunikira kuti muchepetse nthawi. Tsinde likafika kutalika kofunikira, nsonga yake iyenera kukhomedwa. Izi zimathandizira kuti pakhale njira zamakonzedwe amtsogolo ndikupanga mphukira wakuda.
Matenda ndi Tizilombo
Ndi chisamaliro cholakwika, croton imakonda kuzika mizu ndikuwola. Matenda a Fusarium, blight mochedwa komanso tsamba lamtunda ndizothekanso. Pazizindikiro zoyambirira za matendawa, muyenera kuchotsa mbali zomwe zakhudzidwa ndi mbewu ndikugwira mankhwalawo ndi fungicide.
Tizilombo toyambitsa matenda timakumana ndi ma croton nthawi zambiri. Nthawi zina akangaude, michere kapena michere ikhoza kupezeka pa korona. Chithandizo cha tizilombo chikuthandizira kuchotsa tizirombo mwachangu.
