Zimakhala zovuta kupeza munthu yemwe sakudziwa chomera chamunda chomwe chimatchedwa "chitumbuwa". Malingana ndi kufalikira kwake, chitumbuwa ndi chachiwiri kwa apulo.
Wamasamba aliyense amamupezera malo pa chiwembu chake, ndipo chifukwa cha ntchito yosamalidwa nthawi zonse popangira mitundu yatsopano, adzatha kusankha mtundu umene akufuna.
Mwa mitundu yonseyi pali mitundu, okondedwa ndi ambiri wamaluwa ndipo analandira woyenera kutchuka. Mitundu iyi ikuphatikizapo zonse wotchuka cherry Turgenevka (kapena, monga amatchedwanso, Turgenevskaya).
Kufotokozera kwa Turgenevskaya chitumbuwa chosiyanasiyana, zithunzi ndi zina zambiri zothandiza - zotsatirazi zitchulidwa.
Mbiri yobereketsa ndi dera loswana
Cherry Turgenevka anabadwira ku Institute All Russian Research Institute for Breeding Fruit Crops. "Makolo" ali A. F. Kolesnikova, T. S. Zvyagina ndi G. B. Zhdanova ndipo analandira mbande yosankhidwa kuchokera ku zosiyanasiyana Zhukovskaya.
Mu 1979, mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya chitumbuwa ya Turgenevka inalowa mu Register Register, koma nthawi zina anthu amatcha Turgenevskaya. Kufotokozera za zosiyanasiyana, komanso zithunzi - mu gawo lotsatira.
Kuwoneka kwa chitumbuwa Turgenevka
Ganizirani mosiyana mawonekedwe a mtengo ndi zipatso.
Mtengo
Cherry mitundu Turgenevka - mtengo mpaka mamita atatu pamwamba, korona amaimira pyramidal, thunthu ndi nthambi zazikulu zimakhala zofiirira, mphukira zobiriwira, nthambi zomwe zimapanga ndizochepa.
Mphukira imakhala yochepa kwambiri kuchokera ku mphukira; kukula kwa mphukira kuli pafupi 0,5 masentimita. Tsambali ndi lobiriwira, lowala, limawonekera mbali zonse, ndipo lili ndi mawonekedwe a ngalawa.
Mtengo wa chitumbuwa umalowa mu fruiting mu chaka chachinayi kapena chachisanu cha fruiting ndipo amatha zaka makumi awiri ndi zisanu.
Zipatso
Cherry ali nawo kulemera kwa magalamu asanu, mawonekedwe a mtima wambiri ndi kusonkhana mu burashi zipatso zinayi. Mphuno imachoka mosavuta ku zamkati. Kukoma kwa chitumbuwa ndi chokoma, mopweteka pang'ono. Mitundu yotsatira Mayak, Molodezhnaya ndi Robin ali ndi kukoma kokoma.
N'zosangalatsa kuzindikira kuti zosiyanasiyana Turgenevka ndi za mtundu Moreli kapena Griots, monga zipatso zili ndi mdima wofiira kwambiri komanso madzi amdima wofiira.
Zokolola zabwino, zipatso zakucha zipatso pa woyamba wa July. Mitundu Yambiri Turgenevka kulekerera nyengo yozizira, kugonjetsedwa ndi matenda a fungal.
Podbelskaya, Pokumbukira Vavilov, Novella ndi Chernokork angathenso kudzitamandira zokolola zambiri.
Chithunzi
Kubzala ndi kusamalira
- Kusankhidwa kwa kubzala zakuthupi.
Ndikofunika kusankha zosamalidwa. Mtengo wogula mwadzidzidzi ukhoza kukhumudwitsa zosiyana siyana. Samalani.
Mukamagula sapling chaka chimodzi, khalani pafupi ndi magawo otsatirawa: mizu 20-30 masentimita., Tsinde lakuya - 10-12 masentimita., Kutalika 100-120 masentimita ...Samalani kukhulupirika kwa mizu, thunthu ndi nthambi.
Cherry Turgenevka ndi mitundu yodzikonda, imatanthawuza kuti si pollinator aliyense amene angathe kuthana ndi ntchito yake, kotero ndi mtundu wanji wa mphulupulu yomwe imayenera?
Ndi bwino kubzala ndi mitundu Achinyamata ndi Lyubskaya, mitundu idzaphatikizana panthawi yolima, zomwe zidzakulitsa zokolola.
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- Tikufika
Pakuti yamatcheri, mumayenera kukhala malo otentha, otetezedwa ku mphepo yamkuntho, madera otsika sagwirizana ndi kuchulukitsa kwa nthaka. Spring kwa kubzala yamatcheri bwino.Ndikofunika kukumbukira chinthu chimodzi chofunikira: chomera cholirapo, chotsika mtengo. Pakuti kubzala ndi zomera zabwino pachaka kapena biennial. Zatsimikiziridwa bwino Chiwembu 3 mamita 3. Kulowa dzenje kuyenera kukhala 85 masentimita mu kukula kwake ndi masentimita 45.
Pa dzenje lililonse limalowetsa tulo ta humus, 200 gr. superphosphate, 50 gr. potashi feteleza, 400 gr. nkhuni phulusa, ndipo ngati dothi liri acidified - 200 gr. woponderezedwa wamagazi, atasakanizidwa bwino ndi kubzala chitumbuwa, popanda kuimitsa mizu.
Kuchokera pansi timakhala mbali yomwe sikulola madzi kutuluka panthawi ya kuthirira. Muzimwa madzi kwambiri mmera ndikusungunula nthaka ndi humus kapena peat. Ndikofunika kukhazikitsa nkhono ndi kumangiriza sapling kwa iyo, koma osati pafupi kwambiri, sikuyenera kusokoneza kukula kwa kambewu kakang'ono.
- Kutuluka
Zosakaniza zimafunikira chidwi nthawi zonse - Nthaka sayenera kuyanika ndipo kuthirira kuyenera kuchitidwa ngati n'kofunikira, koma n'zosatheka kuzitsitsa zomera, madzi amadzivulaza ngati kuyanika.Mzu wa mtengo wachinyamata umakula mofulumira kuposa nthambi, ndipo tsinde liyenera kukhala lalitali kwambiri kuposa korona.
Dothi la bwalolo ndilofunikira kumasula ndi kulumikiza osalola namsongole kuphuka ndi kuphulika ndi ming'alu. Mu autumn, mitengo ikuluikulu ya mitengo imakumba popanda kuwononga mizu, yomwe ili pafupi kwambiri.
Pakati pa mbande mungathe kufesa nyemba, nyemba, nandolo - zowonjezera zomera zimapanga nthaka ndi nayitrogeni. Frobberries ndi abwino kwa izi, koma simukufunika kubzala mbewu zazitali, zimamthulira zomera zazing'ono.Pristvolnye mabwalo sakusowa kubzala. Zikakhala kuti chaka choyamba mutabzala kuwonjezeka kwa nthambi zidzakhala zosakwana 60 cmm'dzinja ziyenera kupangidwa theka la chidebe cha humus ndi magalamu 100 a double superphosphate.
Mchere wotsatira umayenera pakuyambika kwa fruiting. M'chaka Mera imodzi ya mitala amafunika magalamu 20. ammonium nitrate, 10 gr. double superphosphate, 5 gr. mchere wa potaziyamu. Humus imagwiritsidwa ntchito zaka zitatu zilizonse.
Pamene yamatcheri akukula, nkofunika kuti muzitsuka nthaka.
- Mbewu.
Kupanga miyalayi kunakhazikika, kunkaoneka bwino m'nyengo ya chilimwe, kupirira nyengo yozizira, ndipo pakuyambika kasupe ndikofunikira kuthana ndi kudulira koyamba. Mbewu amafunika kutchera kumayambiriro kwa masika zonse zomwe zimapangitsa mabala ziyenera kuikidwa ndi phula la munda.Pamaso pa fruiting kudulira zovala choyimira korona, ndipo ndi isanayambike fruiting - ukhondo. Zipatso zimayambira nthawi zonse pansi pa mitengo ya chitumbuwa; amafunika kutsukidwa nthawi.
Pakuti yamatcheri, mumayenera kukhala malo otentha, otetezedwa ku mphepo yamkuntho, madera otsika sagwirizana ndi kuchulukitsa kwa nthaka. Spring kwa kubzala yamatcheri bwino.
Zosakaniza zimafunikira chidwi nthawi zonse - Nthaka sayenera kuyanika ndipo kuthirira kuyenera kuchitidwa ngati n'kofunikira, koma n'zosatheka kuzitsitsa zomera, madzi amadzivulaza ngati kuyanika.
Kupanga miyalayi kunakhazikika, kunkaoneka bwino m'nyengo ya chilimwe, kupirira nyengo yozizira, ndipo pakuyambika kasupe ndikofunikira kuthana ndi kudulira koyamba. Mbewu amafunika kutchera kumayambiriro kwa masika zonse zomwe zimapangitsa mabala ziyenera kuikidwa ndi phula la munda.Kuteteza tizilombo ndi matenda
Kumayambiriro kwa kasupe, asilikali a mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya tizirombo amatsutsa mitengo yamtengo wapatali: chitumbuwa cha njenjete, kuwononga masamba, mphutsi za chitumbuwa slimy sawfly - masamba, chitumbuwa cha aphid - achinyamata masamba ndi mphukira, amawomba mbozi ya silkworm - achinyamata masamba ndi masamba, chitumbuwa cha weevil - maluwa ndi zipatso. Pamene tizirombo timapezeka, mitengo ya chitumbuwa imayambitsidwa ndi tizilombo monga mwa malangizo.
Kawirikawiri, chitumbuwa chimakhudzidwa ndi matenda otsatirawa: Kuwunikira - nthambi zouma, coccomycosis kapena dzimbiri - zimakhudza mphukira ndi masamba, kuwonongeka kwa maluwa ndi masamba kumwalira, zowola zipatso ndi kuvunda - imatulutsa zipatso.
Chaka chilichonse, mitengo yamtengo wapatali imathandizidwa ndi Bordeaux madzi, ndipo kamodzi pakatha zaka zitatu ndi 3% ya nititenen yankho.
The Minx, Ashinskaya, Fairy, Kharitonovskaya amasonyeza kukana koccomycosis ndi bowa zina.
Kufalikira pakati pa wamaluwa analandira zambiri processing yamatcheri ochokera ku tizirombo ndi matenda. Chithandizo choyamba chimachitika kumapeto kwa ma impso, monga akunena, pamtunda wonyezimira.
Mankhwala osakaniza tizilombo ndi fungicide akuphatikizapo njira imodzi yogwirira ntchito. Chithandizo chachiwiri chimapangidwa ndi maonekedwe omwewo pambuyo pa maluwa.
Njira yotetezera ndiyo mankhwala achilengedwe komanso otetezeka ndipo sitingathe kuphonya zomera kapena ayi.
Kutulutsa yamatcheri m'munda wanu akudikirira osati inu nokha, komanso mbalame. Olima munda akhala ndi njira zambiri zotetezera yamatcheri okoma, koma odalirika ndi ukonde wotambasulidwa pamtengo.
Ndikumenyana koyenera, kumakhala mokwanira malo ogona osaitanidwa.
Chifukwa cha kukoma kwamtengo wapatali kwa zipatso, zipatso zambiri ndi chisanu chokhazikika, tchiriyumu Turgenevka anakhazikika m'minda ya kum'mwera kwa Russia, dera la Black Black Region ndi dziko la Non-Black Earth Region.
Pakati pa anthu odzichepetsa komanso oyenera kukula pazipinda zapadera zaulimi ayenera kumvetsera mitundu ya Chernokorka, Black Black, Chokoleti, Shubinka.
Pano mungathe kuona ndemanga za atsikana ochita masewera olimbitsa thupi a MP Pertsev za yamatcheri a mitundu yambiri, kuphatikizapo Turgenevka yamatcheri (6 mphindi).
