Anthu okhala m'minda yawo momwe adazolowera kale maluwa, ndipo amatha kupanga nyimbo pazomwe amachita. Koma miphika yamsewu sikugwiritsidwa ntchito kawirikawiri pakupanga kwapadera, chifukwa mawonekedwe awo ndi mawonekedwe ake apamwamba nthawi zonse samakwanira kumadera akumidzi. M'mbuyomu, zipolopolo zimadziwika kuti ndizoyambira makhothi achifumu, popeza zinali zodula kwambiri. Koma lero mawonekedwe okongoletsa apamsewu amatha kuwonekera m'mapaki amtunda, pafupi ndi nyumba zamaofesi, etc. Tikuyang'anitsitsa zomwe makina amapangidwira mumsewu lero, momwe angagwiritsidwire ntchito popanga mawu ovomerezeka pamalowo ndikuyesera kupanga vase yachilendo ndi manja anu.
Mbale yamsewu lero: mitundu ndi zida
Mosiyana ndi mphika wa maluwa, vase imakhala ndi zokongoletsera zapadera chifukwa cha mawonekedwe ake achilendo. Ili ndi mitundu iwiri:
- pa mwendo kapena pansi;
- mkati mwa chotengera chonyamula.
Kamangidwe kameneka kamakweza chikwama pamwamba pa nthaka ndikuyang'ana pamwamba, ndikuwonetsera pakati pa udzu ndi maluwa. Minda imagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati tapeworms, kubzala mbewu zowoneka bwino kwambiri komanso zowala mkati mwake.
Miphika yayitali ya nsangalabwi, yokhazikitsidwa pamalire a udzu, imakulitsa gawo ndikugawa malowa kukhala magawo angapo
Miphika yaku Britain
Fomu lomwe lili pamendo limatchulidwanso kuti urn, kapu kapena kapu ya ku Britain, chifukwa m'munda wa Chingerezi pomwe chinthu ichi chokongoletsera chimapezeka nthawi zambiri. Masiku ano, kapangidwe ka kapu kamakhala kosiyana ndi omwe adatsogolera kale kukongoletsa.
Palibe zochuluka za stucco, zifanizo, maluwa osemedwa ndi zokongoletsera, zomwe zidakongoletsedwa kwambiri ndi miphika ya nthawi ya Baroque. Ndipo onse chifukwa mu chithunzithunzi ichi vase sichikhala m'mayendedwe amakono omwe amapangidwa m'malo ang'onoang'ono. Zokongoletsera zapamwamba ndizoyenera pabwalo lalikulu lachifumu ndi malo okonzera paki, koma osati pamtunda wa ma 5-10 malo.
Chifukwa chake, opanga amakono amayang'ana kwambiri pazinthu komanso mawonekedwe achilendo a mbale, popanda mulu wa zokongoletsera. Nthawi zambiri, zotengera zotere zimapangidwa kuchokera ku gypsum, konkriti, fiberglass ndi pulasitiki. Anthu omwe ali ndi ndalama zambiri amagula mipweya yopangidwa ndi mwala wachilengedwe.
Kugwiritsa ntchito mitsuko yaku Britain yokongoletsedwa bwino ndi zojambulajambula ndi zifanizo ndizofunikira kokha ngati ma tapeworms, kuwayika kutali ndi kama
Maonekedwe achilengedwe a mwala wachilengedwe ndi chinthu chokongoletsera chachikulu, kotero kuti mipweya yamkati simakongoletsa ndi zokongoletsera ndi stucco, koma imapangidwa mosamala kuti iwalitse
Mtundu wachi Greek
Kuyambira mu nthawi ya Greek Greece tinali ndi zotengera zapakhomo zomwe zimakhala zokhala ndi zotengera zazikulu popanda manja, zokhala ndi khosi lalikulu komanso yopapatiza. Zosankha pamsewu sizidzaza ndi nyama yamoyo, chifukwa ndizovuta kusintha nthaka ndikuyang'anira mizu.
Nthawi zambiri zimayikidwa pa nsanja kuti zizitha kuyang'ana pa malowa, kapena zimadzaza ndi maluwa owuma ndikuyika pamalo, mabedi a maluwa, pafupi ndi zipilala.
Pamera wobiriwira wa mbewu yoluka, vase yachi Greek imawoneka bwino kwambiri, chifukwa imakopa maso
Hi-tech komanso mipikisano minimalist
M'zaka za zana la makumi awiri, vaseti yapansi pansi idapeza mawonekedwe apamwamba komanso mawonekedwe akapangidwe a geometric. Palibe zojambula - mizere yoyera yokha ndi zida zowoneka bwino: zitsulo, waya, pulasitiki, galasi, konkriti.
M'mawonekedwe amsewu, zombo za cubic, piramidi ndi zozungulira zikuwoneka bwino. Monga lamulo, mavoti oterewa amapakidwa mu monocolor kapena m'mitundu iwiri yosiyana: yakuda ndi yoyera, yakuda ndi yofiira, etc.
Miphika yayitali yamakona amtundu wamtundu wamatabwa yolimilira mwa iwo ingakhale njira yabwino yosiyanitsira munda wa zipatso kapena ndiwo zamasamba ku malo achisangalalo
Momwe mungagwiritsire ntchito mipweya pakuyang'anira
Chombo chilichonse chamtundu wa zokongoletsera chimapangidwira mawonekedwe apadera. Ngati izi sizingaganiziridwe, ndiye kuti chotengera chabwino kwambiri chomwe chimawoneka ngati chachilendo pamalowo.
Masitaelo apamwamba
Miphika yaku Britain ndi yothandiza kugwiritsa ntchito m'minda yamitengo yokhazikika komanso yowonekera, mawonekedwe a Mediterranean.
Munda womwe uli mwa mtundu wa Mediterranean umaphatikizapo kupangidwe kwa malo otsekedwa kuchokera kumaso odula. Ndipo nkhokwe yaku Britain yokhala ngati yoyandikira ikugwirizana bwino ndi malo awa
Maupangiri Akuika kwa Britain
- Mbale ya pamiyendo yotsika yokhala ndi mbale yotalikirapo imayikidwa ngati njoka yam'madzi pakona yabisika yamundawo (makamaka pamiyala), pamphepete mwa njira kapena poyenda ndi benchi.
- Ngati mwendo ndiwokwera, ndipo mbaleyo ndi yopingasa, ndiye kuti ikhoza kuyikidwa moyang'anizana, kulumikizana pamalo ena. Mwachitsanzo, kuyamba ndi kutha kwa njira yapakati. Njira imeneyi imatchedwa "Alleino." Zoyenera kwambiri mdera lalikulu, lopanda mawonekedwe ndi mawonekedwe azinthu zochepa.
- Mbale zingapo zazitali zimatha kuyikidwa mozungulira, ndikuwonetsa mbali yakutsogolo kwa tsambalo, komwe mkati mwake kumatha kukhala kasupe, gazebo kapena swing.
- Mu mzere m'mphepete. Chochita chapadera ndi kuphatikiza mbale zoyera kapena za imvi zodzala ndi zowala bwino (petunias, marigolds), komanso tsamba loyera laudzu. Nthaka pansi pa miphika imathiridwa ndi miyala.
Mwa njira, onani kuti nthawi yachisanu, mipweya yaku Britain yodzazidwa ndi nthambi za paini imawoneka yapamwamba. Kwa dziko lathu lomwe kuli chipale chofewa, izi ndi zowona.
Kukhazikitsidwa kwa mbale za Britain pamiyendo moyang'anana pa ngodya za malo enaake kumagwirizanitsa malo, ndikupatsa mawonekedwe
Minda ya kum'mawa ndi ku Italy
Zombo zamagetsi zimakwanira bwino mkati mwenimweni mwa munda wachitaliyana, komwe zimachokera. Koma ziyenera kukumbukiridwa kuti masiku ano kalembedwe ka ku Italiya kamamatira mosamalitsa komanso ma geometricity, zomwe sizinali choncho mu nthawi ya Agiriki akale. Chifukwa chake, makapu ku Italy amakonzedwa awiriawiri, mwachitsanzo, pakhomo lolowera gazebo, pafupi ndi kasupe, pamasitepe a terata.
Koyikamo voti m'munda wam'mawa:
- Polowera kumundawo (nthawi zonse kumakhala ndi maluwa, monga momwe khomo limayimira khomo lopita ku paradiso).
- Ngati njira zomwe zili m'mundamu zigawa gawoli, ndiye kuti ch botacho chimayikidwa pakati pa mabwalo awiri atatu omwe amapezeka kutali kwambiri.
- M'mphepete mwa mtsinje kapena kasupe woyenda padziwe.
- Mbali zonse ziwiri za khoma.
Masitayilo akumayiko ena amagwiritsanso ntchito miphika, zotengera, monga momwe mawonekedwe achi Greek alili ofanana ndi aku China. Koma ngati ku Italiya ziletso zamtundu wachilengedwe (zotuwa, zoyera, njerwa) zilandiridwa, ndiye kuti mphamvu zaku East zimayang'ana kowala. Zovala zingakongoletsedwe ndi zojambula, zopaka utoto utatu kapena kupitirira, ndikupanga zokongoletsera zapamwamba.
Mbale yodzazidwa ndi miyala yokongola mumunda wachisilamu imatha kukhala pakatikati pa bwalo, ndikugogomezera kuyenderana komanso kukhazikika kwa chipangizochi
Mitundu yamakono + yazogulitsa
M'mafashoni amakono, miphika imagwiritsidwa ntchito, yopangidwa muzaka zamakumi awiri zokha (osati kale!).
Ukadaulo wapamwamba ukhoza kudzazidwa ndi ma cubes ambiri, mapiramidi ndi mitundu ina yoyambirira yazombo. Chachikulu ndikuti onse adapangidwa kuchokera pazinthu zomwezo.
Kukula kokhazikika kwa mizere ya konkriti, mizere yolunjika ya jometri komanso mbewu zochepa m'mbale - zonsezi ndi chizindikiro cha zida zamakono zaukadaulo
Minimalism ndikwanira kwa mipweya yoyambirira ya 2-3 yomwe ili mu lingaliro linalake. Ndipo ngati chotengerachi ndi chachikulu, ndiye choposa chimodzi. Kuphatikizikako nthawi zambiri kumayikidwa pa udzu, ndipo buku limodzi - kutsogolo kwa nyumbayo kapena koyambirira kwa njira yakutsogolo.
M'mafakitale, chifuwa chimagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati tapeworm. Imayikidwa kuti izitha kuwona osati kuchokera kumbali zonse za malowa, komanso kuchokera pazenera zanyumbayo. Nthawi yomweyo, kapangidwe kake kamagwiritsidwe bwino kwambiri, ndipo zinthuzo zizikhala waya, zitsulo (zimatha kukhala dzimbiri). Mbale yotsika imakhazikitsidwa pamiyala yanjerwa.
Zokongoletsa ndi Dziko
Wosowa alendo samalolera malo kutengera mawonekedwe osavuta. Mwachilengedwe, m'mabwalo amtundu payokha mumakhala mitundu yosakanikirana (eclecticism). Ndipo m'malo oterowo, mutha kugwiritsa ntchito vaseti yamtundu uliwonse, ngati ikugwirizana ndi zokongoletsa zina za malo enaake, kapena pangani china choyambirira ndi manja anu.
Mwa njira, ma vaseti opangidwa ndi nyumba amakhalanso oyenera mu masitayilo okongoletsa, pomwe mawonekedwe onse amatsimikizira malingaliro a mwiniyo ndipo samaperewera ndi miyambo ya kalembedwe. Ndi m'minda iyi momwe mipanda yamapulasitiki yotsika mtengo, zotengera zopanda mtengo, ndi mbale zopota ndizabwino kwambiri. Sizogwiritsidwa ntchito zopanda kanthu, koma zodzala ndi maluwa atsopano, matalala, mabango, etc. Zowona, zokongoletsazi ziyenera kuchotsedwa nthawi yozizira, chifukwa nkhuni ndi pulasitiki sizikhala ndi chisanu, ndipo zidzang'ambika kapena kupotoza kusiyana kwa kutentha.
M'minda yolima, mipweya imayikidwa mwachisawawa, yodzaza ndi maluwa owala ambiri, obzala m'miyeso ingapo
M'mayendedwe okongoletsa, maphika nthawi zonse amakhala gawo la kuphatikizika, kusakanikirana ndi maluwa ndi zitsamba zokongoletsera, ziwerengero za nyama, kapena mawonekedwe a nthano. Amathandizira kupanga maluwa okhala ndi mitengo yambiri, pomwe choyambira nthawi zambiri chimabisidwa muzomera zochepa. Chifukwa chake, zokongoletsera za ma vase zimatha kukhala zochepa kwambiri, matabwa ndi konkire sizipakidwa, koma kusunga mawonekedwe ake achilengedwe.
Zolemba zopangira mipweya yopanga tokha
Sizotheka nthawi zonse kugula chokongoletsera chokongoletsera chomwe mukufuna ndi kukula kwake, chifukwa ndi anthu ochepa chabe omwe akuchita nawo ntchitoyi. Ndipo nyumba zopangidwa ndi mwala wachilengedwe ndi konkriti zimakhalanso zodula. Koma mawonekedwe owoneka bwino pamawonekedwe amatha kupangidwa ndi manja anu, komanso m'njira yosavuta kwambiri.
Onani njira zitatu zosinthira ma vasefini opanga tokha.
Njira # 1 - nsanza yochokera ku ziphuphu ndi konkriti
Ngati simunakumanepo ndi mapangidwe a mipweya kapena mitundu ina yaukazitape - yambani ndi vase iyi. Zimapangidwa kuchokera ku nsanza zachikale - thukuta lomwe limakulungidwa, nsalu yozungulira kapena burlap. Mwanjira, pezani chinthu chomwe chataya mawonekedwe ake owoneka bwino - ndi chifukwa.
Kapangidwe kochititsa chidwi kwambiri kameneka ndi mapanga opanga ziphuphu kunawapatsa mwayi wotchuka pakati pa okhala chilimwe komanso eni nyumba
Tekinoloje yopanga mipanda ya pansi pamipando yachikale kapena masiketi ndi yosavuta kumva ndipo ndizomveka kuti munthu wina aliyense woyeserera angayesere patsamba lawo
Ntchito, sungani:
- chidebe chakale;
- kalasi ya simenti 500;
- mtsuko "Fairy" wotsuka mbale (wogwiritsidwa ntchito ngati pulasitiki);
- magolovesi a mphira.
Malangizo a sitepe ndi sitepe:
- Tembenuzani chidebe chakale pansi ndikuyiyika pamalo okwera (imani, chipika, ndi zina) m'malo otetezeka. Kuchokera pansipa, kuphimba pansi ndi makatoni kapena zojambulazo kuti simenti yoyenda isawononge malo.
- Ponyani chigamba pachidebe kuti muyese, pomwe mupanga chotengera. Ndikofunikira kuti m'mbali mwa chinsalu ndigwirizane ndi chidebe, ndikupanga mafupa osakumana ndi zopinga kuchokera pansi. Sankhani mawonekedwe a vase yomweyo (asymmetric, yokhala ndi m'mphepete, ndi zina), popeza mapangidwe sichisintha.
- Thirani simenti ndi madzi mu mbale kuti ikhale yogwirizana ndi kirimu wowawasa wowawasa, kutsanulira mu "Fairy" pang'ono (supuni ya malonda pamtsuko wa simenti) ndikusakaniza.
- Imirani chigamba mu njira, mulole zilowerere konkire.
- Mafuta kunja kwa chidebe ndi mafuta masamba kuti nkhungu sisiterera.
- Tengani zomwe zalembedwa ndi konkire ndipo, osafinya, iponyere m'botolo, ndikupereka mawonekedwe a vaseti yomwe idatsimikizidwiratu.
- Pakupita masiku atatu, mtsuko uyenera kupukuta. Nthawi ndi nthawi (kwa masiku awiri ndi atatu) utsi wofinya ndi madzi kuti konkireyo izizimuka pang'onopang'ono. Izi zithandiza kusintha kwa chisanu.
- Pambuyo pa masiku atatu, chotsani chidebe pansi pa vaseti, ndikutembenuza chakudacho ndikuchiyika kuti chiume kwa sabata limodzi.
- Vaseti yomalizidwa imakhala yokutidwa ndi primer kuti muchepetse kupendekera, penti ndi ma acrylics kapena chokongoletsedwa ndi varnish pantchito yakunja pa konkriti ndi mwala.
Ngati muli ndi chidutswa cha chitoliro cha pulasitiki chokhala ndi mainchesi akulu omwe atsala atayikiratu, mutha kuchikongoletsa ndi chida chosungunuka simenti, ndikuyika malowo. Chogulitsachi ndichopanga kwambiri pakupanga ndipo chidzakwanira m'munda wamitundu iliyonse yamakono.
Kukongoletsa chidebe chakale ndi zinthu zophatikizidwa ndi matope a konkire, mupeza bokosi losazolowereka komanso lolimba lomwe siliwopa nthawi yozizira ndi mvula
Njira # 2 - chotengera kuchokera ku miyala yaying'ono
Izi zimachitika kuti phulusa la pulasitiki lidagulidwapo kale munyumba, lomwe kale silikugwirizana ndipo siligwirizana ndi mawonekedwe atsopano. Mpatseni moyo wachiwiri pokongoletsa ndi miyala. Ndipo atenga mawonekedwe a mwala wapamwamba wamiyala.
Mbale yamiyala yaying'ono yamtundu uliwonse imagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati momwe zinthu zachilengedwe zimapangidwira, ndiye kuti imayikidwa m'munda wam'mawa komanso m'mudzimo
Kuti muchite izi, muyenera:
- chotengera cha pulasitiki;
- 500 kalasi;
- mchenga wabwino;
- Zabwino
- miyala yaying'ono;
- screwdriver ndi zomangira;
- ulusi wa kapron kapena waya wofewa;
- magolovesi, kuyenda pansi.
Kupita patsogolo:
- Timakola zomata pachidutswa chonse cha fumbi la pulasitiki (timaloza icho mkati), ndipo sitikankhira zipewa kumbuyo, koma siyani mpendero wa 1-2 mm.
- Timakulunga zisoti ndi ulusi wa nayiloni kapena waya, ndikupanga chimango chomwe matope a simenti adzagwiramo.
- Dziwani yankho: 1: 3 komanso poyambitsa, onjezani "Fairy" pang'ono.
- Timayala matope ndi chopondera pachimacho, kuyambira pansi, ndipo pomwepo timakanikiza timiyala, kuyesera kuikonza mwamphamvu, ndi phokoso lomweli.
- Pukuta chikho chomalizidwa pamasiku atatu.
- Kongoletsani pansi ndi varnish.
Ma Varnish akugwira ntchito yakunja amakhala ndi mitundu yayikulu ya mitundu, kotero mutha kupatsa vaseti yomalizira mthunzi woyenera ndipo nthawi yomweyo muziiteteza ku chinyezi.
M'malo mwa Fairy, ambuye ena amawonjezera gulu la PVA kapena kulumikizana ndi yankho kuti apereke mphamvu ku vase, koma ma plasticilers awa ndi okwera mtengo kwambiri
Njira # 3 - chotengera cha mitengo ndi chitoliro chapulasitiki
Mtundu wamtundu, mutha kupanga chikho kuchokera ku nthambi. Idzalalidwa mumiyala yolimba, popeza chitoliro cha pulasitiki chimatengedwa ngati maziko. Kuti mutenge zokongoletsera mufunika burlap komanso ngakhale nthambi zoonda zouma zowonda. Iwo ndi osavuta kupeza atadula nkhalango.
Mbale yamaluwa, yokongoletsedwa ndi nthambi zazing'ono za mitengo, imayenda bwino ndi mpanda wamiyala, mipando yamitundu yosemphana ndi mitengo komanso udzu wa Moorish
Kupita patsogolo:
- Kukololedwa m'nkhalango ngati mitengo yachitali chokwanira komanso makulidwe. Kutalika kwake kumayenera kukhala kotalika masentimita 5-7 kuposa chitoliro choyambira.
- Chitoliro cha pulasitiki chimadulidwa mpaka kutalika kofunikira.
- Amayendetsa mwala wozungulira mkati kuti ugwere pansi, koma osagwa. Izi zimapangitsa kukhazikika kwa mphepo.
- Pukutani kunja kwa chitolirocho ndi burlap, ndikukhomera malembawo mkati mwa chitolirocho ndikuwakhazikitsa misomali yamadzi. Madzulo apadera sofunikira, chifukwa nsaluyo imaphimba nthambi.
- Ulusi wa Jute kapena twine amalumikiza nthambi zonsezo, kuzilumikiza ndi mfundo yosavuta. Ngati vaseti ili yotsika - ingolingani pansi ndi pamwamba. Ngati kupitirira mita, ndiye kuti mangani nthambi pakati ndi ulusi wachitatu.
- Yesani matabwa pafoniyo mpaka atakulungani kwathunthu.
- Sinthani nthambi papaipi ndi chingwe chokongoletsera.
Kuti muwonjezere moyo wautumiki, ndibwino kuyeretsa bokosi lamatabwa nthawi yachisanu m'chipindacho.
Ngati vaseti itaima potseguka, mutha kuthira pansi ndi mafuta a masamba kuti mutetezeke ku chinyontho, ndikuphimba nthambi
Njira # 4 - chotengera cha pulasitala
Pankhani iyi, tili ndi kanema wamalangizo anu:
Kutengera ndi makalasi apamwamba omwe aperekedwa, mutha kupanga zoyambirira za zokongoletsera zamunda, ndipo mipata yonse idzakhala yapadera. Chachikulu ndichakuti musachite mopambanitsa ndi kuchuluka kwake, apo ayi mawonekedwe adzataya mawonekedwe ake ndi mgwirizano.
