Ndikosavuta kuyerekezera mabedi a chivwende m'malo otseguka a Siberia, ndipo kukulira mabulosi akuluakulu kucha ndi kanthu kena kochokera pakongopeka. Komabe, kulima kwachikhalidwe ichi ku Siberia ndikothekera ngati mutsatira malangizo othandiza omwe akudziwa bwino mavwende.
Mitundu yabwino kwambiri ya mavwende ku Siberia
Gawo loyamba ndikusankha mavwende osiyanasiyana omwe amakwaniritsidwa ndi Siberia. Samalani ndi nyengo yochepa yomwe ikulima, chisanu, chisanu, (mpaka 5 makilogalamu). Ntchito yayikulu ndikuti mwana wosabadwayo akhwime. Nthawi zambiri, mitundu yomwe imapangidwa ndi obereketsa am'deralo ndikuzolowera nyengo ya Siberia imasankhidwa. Zofunikira izi zimakwaniritsidwa ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana kwambiri yoyambirira komanso yoyambirira ya Sibiryak, Mwana wa Shuga, Magetsi aku Siberi, Nyali zaku Northern, Spark, Ultra-Oyambirira, omwe cholinga chake ndi malo otseguka.
Gome: Zochitika zamitundu mitundu ya mavwende otseguka
| Dera la grade | Kucha nthawi | Kulemera kwakukulu kwa zipatso | Kufotokozera |
| Kununkha | 71-87 | 2 kg | Chipatsocho chimakhala chopindika, peyala yoyera yosalala ndi mawonekedwe osalala, mnofu wofiira. |
| Mwana wa shuga | 75-80 | 1 makilogalamu | Chipatsochi ndi chopindika, peel yopyapyala imakhala yobiriwira ndi mikwingwirima yakuda, thupi lowala. |
| Siberian-97 | 75-82 | 4,5 kg | Chipatso chake chimakhala chowala, utoto wowonda wakuda bii wokhala ndi mikwingwirima yosavundikira, mnofu wowala; kugonjetsedwa ndi kutentha kwadzidzidzi. |
| Kuwala kwa ku Siberia | 70-80 | 2,5-3 kg | Chipatsochi ndichopindika, khungu limakhala lopyapyala, lamtundu wakuda ndi milozo yobiriwira yakutali, yowutsa mudyo, yowala; mawonekedwe okongola, kukana kwa fusarium. Chomera chimafooka pang'ono (mpaka 2.5 m). |
| Nyali zakumpoto | 65-75 | 2,5 kg | Chipatsochi ndi chopindika, kutumphuka kochepa ndi mtundu wobiriwira, zamkati zofiirira ndizopaka zipatso komanso zamkati. |
| Ultra koyambirira | 80 | 4-5 mpaka | Chipatsochi ndi chozungulira, mnofu wofinya wamkaka, shuga wambiri, kukana kuzizira. Mtengowo ndi wophatikiza, nthambi zophatikiza. |
Mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mavwende Ogonyok ndi yaying'ono kukula ndipo amatha kucha nthawi yachilimwe ya Siberiya
Mitundu yosiyanasiyana yamamvulu am'madzi obiriwira
Kwa nyumba zobiriwira kapena malo osungira mafilimu osakhalitsa, mavwende oyambilira komanso oyambira pang'ono kucha, oyesedwa mu nyengo yozizira komanso kuyatsa kosakwanira, adziwonetsa okha akadzakula kumpoto chakumpoto.
Gome: Zochitika zamitundu mitundu ya mavwende otseguka
| Dera la grade | Kucha nthawi | Kulemera kwakukulu kwa zipatso | Kufotokozera |
| F1 Kai | Masiku 70-75 | 7kg | Chipatso chowumbika-chakutali ndi khungu loonda lakuda komanso kotenga nthawi pang'ono kuwala kobiriwira kobiriwira, masamba onunkhira a rasipiberi. Zomera zikukwera motalika. |
| F1 Krimstar | Masiku 55-60 | 8-10 makilogalamu | Chipatsocho chimakhala chopindika komanso chosinthika ndi mikwingwirima yakuda pamiyayo, zamkati wofiyira, wokhala ndi shuga wambiri; mkulu mayendedwe. |
| F1 Kapezi Wokoma | Masiku 67-82 | 3-4 makilogalamu | Chipatso chowala ndi peel ya hue wobiriwira wamdima wokhala ndi mikwingwirima yayitali; mumkaka wamkaka wamtundu wa uchi wokongola ndi utoto wowala palibenso mitsempha yopingasa; mkulu chitetezo chokwanira matenda a anthracnose ndi powdery khansa. |
| F1 Mphatso Kumpoto | Masiku 75-85 | 10 kg | Chipatsochi chimakhala chopindika, peel yakeyo imakhala yobiriwira ndi mzere wamtali wautali, wowoneka bwino, wowoneka bwino, wokoma kwambiri, wopanda matenda. |
| F1Chimwemwe cha Beijing | Masiku 85-90 | 5-8 kg | Chipatsocho chimazungulira mozungulira, chili ndi mikwingwirima yopepuka komanso yobiriwira yakuda mu utoto, wandiweyani komanso wakuda bii, mnofu wofiyira wamkati; kuthamanga kwambiri, matenda. |
| F1 Pannonia | Masiku 73-80 | 3-5 kg | Chipatsochi ndi chopanda, chamdima, chokhala ndi zamkati wonyezimira owoneka bwino, mawonekedwe abwino a kununkhira, fungo labwino; zokolola zambiri, kusunga bwino komanso kusinthika. |
Mitundu yonseyi ndi yabwino kulimidwa kwa greenhouse kumpoto kwakanthawi kochepa komanso nyengo yotentha. Malinga ndi ndemanga za okhala chilimwe, hybrid F yapeza kutchuka kwapadera posachedwapa.1 Kai, wokhoza kusangalatsa anthu aku Siberia ndi zipatso zake ndi mnofu wonunkhira, osati wowonjezera kutentha, komanso m'malo otseguka.
F1 Kai watermelon losunga mazira osakanizidwa ali ndi nthawi kuti akhwime ku Siberia ngakhale m'malo otseguka
Kanema: Kuwunikanso mitundu yamavwende ku Siberia
Zinthu zikukula
Ndizotsimikizika kuti mbeu ya mavwende ikhale m'malo ovuta ngati amenewo mwa njira yodzala, ngakhale alimi ena amatha kubzala mbewu nthawi yomweyo. Mu nyengo yachilendo, kutalika kwenikweni kwa chilimwe kungagwedezeke ndi kutentha pang'ono, kusankha kwachiwiri sikungaphule kanthu.
Udindo wofunikira umachitika ndikusankha koyenera nthawi yofesa mbewu za mbande: kuti zisatuluke, koma nthawi yomweyo, thumba losunga mazira limatha kukhwima m'tsogolo.
Tcherani khutu! Kwa mavwende, mbewu zoyenera kwambiri sizikhala mbeu zocheperako zaka ziwiri zokha!
Kaya kuyesa kubzala zipatso kucha kumatheka bwino zimadalira kutalika kwa maola masana masana ndi nyengo yotentha. Mafuta ndi chikhalidwe chojambula komanso chosangalatsa kwambiri. Chomera chimafuna kuyatsa osachepera maola 12 patsiku, ndipo kutentha kumapangitsa zapadera. Kutentha kwatsiku ndi tsiku pakumanga kuyenera kukhala mkati mwa + 19 ° С, ndipo kutentha kwa usiku sikuyenera kugwa pansi + 15 ° С. Kukula kwa mmera kumatheka pokhapokha panthaka yabwino (kuyambira + 12 ° C ndi pamwamba).
Chinyengo china cha anthu a ku Siberia ndikupanga mabedi "ofunda" apadera, omwe amakonzedwa kumapeto kwa yophukira. Dothi lomwe lili pamalo oti mabedi ofunda adzakumbidwapo mpaka masentimita 50. Ambiri mwa ngalandeyo imadzazidwa ndi zinyalala zam'mera, peat, manyowa, ndipo pamwamba pake imakutidwa ndi kusakanikirana ndi dothi kuchokera kumagawo awiri a sod, gawo limodzi la humus ndi mchenga kotero kuti dothi limakhala lalitali 20 cm kuposa nthaka. Pabedi loterolo ku Siberia, ngakhale kumagwa mvula yambiri, chimbudzi sichitha kunyowa.
Bedi lotentha - njira yopambana kwambiri yokula mavwende a ku Siberia
Kukwanira kwa kuwala ndi kutentha, kudina bwino komanso kuvala zovala zapamwamba ndizinsinsi kwambiri posamalira mavwende ku Siberia.
Kukula mbande
Kuti muchite bwino kukula kwa mavwende a Siberia, muyenera choyamba kuti mukule mbande zolimba.
Kodi kubzala mbande ndi motani?
Potseguka, mbande zimabzalidwa theka lachiwiri la June. Popeza zaka zake panthawi yakubzala ziyenera kukhala zosachepera masiku 25-30, kufesa kuyenera kuchitika pakati pa Meyi. Ngati mbande zakonzedwa kuti zizigwiritsa ntchito polima zobiriwira za polycarbonate, zitha kufesedwa milungu iwiri kale.
Mbewu zamadzi zimagulidwa m'masitolo apadera kuti mupewe zambiri. Momwe angakonzekeretsere kubzala? Anthu aku Siberi ali ndi zinsinsi zawo pankhaniyi. Ambiri amalowerera njere m'madzi ofunda (50-60 ° C), ndikuwonjezera chowonjezera chowonjezera (Epin-Ekstra, Zircon). Pambuyo pozizira kwathunthu, amathira tizilombo toyambitsa matenda kwa theka la ola mu 1% yankho la potaziyamu permanganate ndipo nthawi yomweyo amafesedwa.
Gawo laling'ono la mbande za mavwende liyenera kukhala lopatsa thanzi. Kuti mukonzekere, tengani magawo awiri a turf ndi humus, 1 gawo la mchenga, 2 tbsp. supuni za dolomite ufa ndi ammonium nitrate ndi 1 tbsp. supuni ya superphosphate, sakanizani bwino.
Zombo zabwino kwambiri zamasamba a chivwende ndi mapoto okonzedwa ndi peat. Mbande zabalidwa pansi, ndipo mizu yake yovunda sivulala.
Mu mphika uliwonse, m'mimba mwake momwe muyenera kukhala masentimita 8-9, mbewu ziwiri zimayikidwa "pa mbiya." Ndiye masamba a cotyledonous amatuluka mwachangu kuchokera kumbewu. Pangani kukula kwakuzama masentimita atatu ndi supuni, ndikufetsa ndi madzi (50 ml) ndikudzaza ndi osakaniza dothi losalala. Zombozo zimakutidwa ndi galasi kapena wokutira pulasitiki mpaka mphukira zitawonekera.
Miphika ya peat yokhala ndi mavwende obzala adakutidwa ndi filimu
Kusamalira Mbewu
Mitengo yotentha ya mbewu: Kutentha kwa nyengo masana osachepera 25 ° C ndi kutentha kwa usiku usiku osachepera 15 ° C. Pakatha sabata, mphukira zoyambirira zimawonekera, ndipo kuti mbande sizitambasuka, ndikofunikira kuchepetsa kutentha mpaka 20 ° C. Nthawi yomweyo, mizu imafunikira kutentha kwambiri, kotero zotengera zimasungidwa pazenera pamwamba pa mabatire. Patatha masiku asanu, mudzakondwera ndi tsamba loyamba lenileni. Pogwiritsa ntchito masamba atatu otere, zikumera zitha kudyetsedwa kale feteleza wophatikizira kapena njira yothirira mbalame (1:20). Kotero kuti nayitrogeni mu zinyalala sizituluka, saumirizidwa, monga mwachizolowezi. Pambuyo pa sabata ina, kuvala kwachiwiri kwapamwamba kumachitika.
Mbande za mavwende mu makapu a peat bwino kuzika mizu panja
Kuthirira mbande sikuyenera kukhala zochulukirapo, ndikokwanira kuthira ndi madzi ofunda kawiri pa sabata. Masiku angapo zisanachitike, zikumera zimamwe madzi tsiku lililonse!
Nthawi zina, kusowa kwa kuwala kumafunikira kuwunikira kowonjezera. Kuti mbande zitha kupeza kuwala kwa tsiku lililonse kwa 10,000, kumawunikiridwa ndi nyali zamasana kwa maola osachepera 10 patsiku.
Kuthira mbande m'nthaka
Miyezi ya pamwezi imabzalidwa panthaka, m'mabedi wowonjezera kutentha kapena kutentha.
Chapakati pa mwezi wa June, pomwe anaopseza kuti mvula yatha kumapeto kwa kasupe, mbande zimabzalidwa pa kama wofunda wokhazikika. Masiku atatu musanabzale, pezani zovuta kuti zikhale zovuta. Choyamba, amatengedwa kupita kumalo ozizira kwa mphindi 15-20 ndipo tsiku lililonse limawonjezera nthawi yochedwa kutentha.
Zitsime pa lokwera ridge zakonzedwa pasadakhale mutabzala mbewu. Mbewu zikamakula, dothi lidzakhala ndi nthawi yoti lizilimbitsa. Mabowowo amakumbidwa motalikirana ndi 0,8-1 m kuchokera wina ndi mzake, ndipo kutalikirana kwake kumayambira ma 1.4 m. Mapikirowa azikhala masentimita angapo kuposa kutalika kwa kapu ya peat kapena pulasitiki. Kudzaza mabowo, osakaniza dothi amakonzedwa kuchokera kumagawo awiri a humus, gawo limodzi la phulusa ndi mchenga, sakanizani bwino ndikuthira. Pambuyo pake, bedi lonse limakhazikika ndi filimu yakuda pulasitiki, chifukwa chinyezi chimakhala motalikirapo, kusiyana kwa kutentha chifukwa cha kutentha komwe kukusonkhana kudzachepa. Komabe, mbewu zimatetezedwa ku namsongole, ndipo zipatso zimatha kupsa sabata imodzi kale.
M'malo mwa mabowo pangani zopangika ngati mtanda ndi mulifupi wozungulira kupyola poto. Tulutsani dothi mosamala, ndikuuthira ndi madzi ofunda, ikani mphika wa peat ndi mbande kuti isatulutsidwe pamwamba panthaka ndikuwadzaza ndi dothi losakanizika ndi dothi lochotsedwa.
Kanema wakuda pabedi lamadzi amakhalanso kutentha, amapanga nyengo yabwino ya mbande
Zomera zobzalidwa mumbale zamapulasitiki zimapezeka ndi transshipment, kuthiriridwa bwino madzi musanachitike njirayi. Mukathilira mbande, matumba amlengalenga amatha kupanga, kotero muyenera kuthiririra madzi posachedwa. Mizu yolimba imakula msanga. Kusintha bwino mbande pamalo osavomerezeka ndikuwateteza kuti asazizidwe ndi kuwomba, kuphimba mabedi ndi zinthu zopanda pake kwa masabata awiri.
Kubzala mbewu
Monga tafotokozera kale, masamba a mavwende amakonzedwa mu kugwa, kusankha malo owala kwambiri ndi dzuwa. Ndipo pofuna kupewa kukoka kwa mphepo ya kumpoto, amapanga chimbudzi kuchokera kumizere ingapo ya chimanga.
Potseguka
Mbeu zamadzi zofesa poyera zimakonzedwanso chimodzimodzi pofesa mbewu. Amawaza, kuwatsuka ndi madzi, kuwilowetsa mchikulitsa, kenako m'madzi otentha, wokutidwa ndi zofewa ndikusamba mpaka kumera. Onetsetsani kuti zinthuzo zimakhala zonyowa pang'ono. Zimatenga pafupifupi sabata kuti zimere, koma chomeracho chimathokoza ndi mbande yabwino komanso yolimba, ndipo mbewuyo imatha kupezeka milungu iwiri kale.
Mitundu ya mbewu ndiosiyana, ndipo posankha, muyenera kuganizira mawonekedwe amtundu wina. Mavwende osiyanasiyana okhala ndi ma compact bush amatha kubzalidwa patali pafupifupi 6 m kuchokera kubowo kupita ku hole ndi 1 mita pakati pamizere. Tchire zopumira pang'ono zimapatsa malo ena otukuka: 0.8 cm x 1.2 m, ndipo mavwende ataliatali obzalidwa malinga ndi 1m x 1.5m.
M'zaka khumi zapitazi za Meyi, nthaka ikawunda bwino, mbewu zimabzalidwa pamabedi akulu kapena m'mabowo omwe adakonzedwa kale, monga momwe zimakhalira ndi mbande. Ngati njere zimere musanabzalire, ndikokwanira kuyika mbewu 3-4 pachitsime chilichonse. Mukabzala, gwiritsani ntchito ma tepeti kuti tisawononge nkhokwe zosalimba. Zitsime zimathiriridwa ndi madzi ofunda, ndipo pamwamba pake amaphimbidwa ndi dothi louma. Mizere mulch ndikukhazikitsa malo othawirako osakhalitsa.
Mbeu zamadzi zam'mera zimamera limodzi, ndipo mbewuzo zimapezekanso mpaka milungu iwiri kale
M'chitsime chilichonse, mphukira ziwiri zamanzere zimasiyidwa ndipo zotsalazo zimachotsedwa. Pambuyo pake, nthambi zawo zimatumizidwa mbali zosiyana kuti zisasokolane ndipo zisasokoneze chitukuko cha wina ndi mnzake.
Chovala choyamba chitha kuchitidwa ndi njira yosakhazikika ya zitosi za mbalame (1:20) pakupanga masamba atatu owona, ndipo pambuyo pake chidzakhala chokwanira kudyetsa kawiri pamwezi ndi kulowetsedwa kwa zitsamba zamasamba. Nthambi zimathiridwa madzi otentha kawiri pa sabata.
Kupita kumalo obiriwira
Mawu oti kubzala chivwende pamabedi wowonjezera kutentha akutengera kutenthedwako. M'malo obiriwira a polycarbonate, mpweya umafika kutentha + 25⁰C masana ndi +15 ⁰C usiku masabata angapo m'mbuyomu kuposa mu galasi ndi filimu yopanda mpweya. M'madera a Siberia izi zimachitika mchaka cha Meyi. Ntchito yokonzekera ndi ukadaulo wa kubzala sizosiyana ndi kubzala poyera. Ndi malo obzala mitengo okhokha omwe mbewu zimatenga malo ochepa polimilira pa trellises, chifukwa chake chiwembu chogwiritsira ntchito cha 0,5 x 0,7 m chimagwiritsidwa ntchito.
Mukabzala nthanga, mitundu yosavomerezeka yokha ya mavwende imasankhidwa. Kuti mupewe mavuto obwera chifukwa cha chisanu chosadziwika, mbewuzo zimakutidwa ndi mabokosi apepala, mabotolo apulasitiki, ndi zina zambiri.
Omwe akhala ndi mavwende amalimbikitsa kuyika mabotolo amadzi opulasitiki pamtunda. Madziwo amawotcha masana pang'onopang'ono amayamba kuzizira usiku, kutenthetsa ndi kupangitsa kuti mbewu zizikhala momasuka.
Chisamaliro
Kuti asasiyidwe popanda mbewu, mavwende okulira ku Siberia, ndikofunikira kuyang'anira mabedi a mavwende ndikusamalira maluso awo, omwe amasiyanasiyana pang'ono kutengera malo omwe akukula.
Poyera
Kuthirira mbewu zokhala ndi dothi lokwanira kumakwanira kawiri pa mwezi, chifukwa masiku otentha osowa. Pamodzi ndi kuthirira, tikulimbikitsidwa kuti muwapatse chakudya ndi mullein solution (1:10) kapena yankho la feteleza wa mchere wokhala ndi zinthu zina. Kupukuta kumachitika pamanja pakati pa tsiku nyengo yotentha.
Kudandaula ndikofunikira. Nthawi zambiri, siyani misala iwiri ndikuchotsa ana onse opeza pa iwo. Kuchita koteroko kumachitidwa sabata iliyonse, kuyang'anira kuwoneka kwa kukula kwa mphukira. Maluwa a 2-3 amasiyidwa pachitsime chapakati, kuti mavwende sakhala okulirapo komanso ali ndi nthawi yakucha.
Malambe akangofika m'mimba mwake mpaka masentimita 5-6, tsinani pamwamba pa mphukirowo, kusiya masamba 5 atabzala chomaliza. Zipatso zam'tsogolo zimayikidwa m'matumba kuti zisakhudze nthaka yonyowa komanso kuti isavote.
Potseguka, malo otambalala amamasulidwa nthawi zonse, ndipo pafupi ndi chomeracho payokha namsongole amayesedwa mosamala kuti asavulaze mizu yapa, yomwe imakumana ndi mavuto pang'ono pomwe. Gawo lomaliza la nthawi yokulira, kumasula kuyimitsidwa, amayesetsa kuti asapondereze dothi pafupi ndi mbewu.
Mu Julayi, kuthira feteleza wa potaziyamu phosphate sikulepheretsa. Alimi odziwitsa a ku Siberia masiku 5 asanatolole kuti ayambe kuthirira, ngakhale m'malo ambiri ndikofunikira kuti mavwende asavute kwa mwezi wathunthu asanakolole. Izi siziyenera kuloledwa, makamaka nyengo yotentha. Pali malingaliro olakwika akuti kuthirira kumathandizira kuti pakhale madzi. Chivwende sichimaletsa chilala monga momwe chimawonekera kwa ambiri.Popanda madzi, zipatso zake zimacheperachepera. Inde, kuthirira ku Siberia kumayendetsedwa ndi nyengo. Zimachitika kuti malo obzala amafunika kuti aphimbidwe ndi film nthawi yayitali mvula.
Njerwa zimayikidwa pansi pa zipatso zomwe zimatsanulira, zomwe zimasonkhanitsa kutentha masana ndikuzipereka pang'ono pang'onopang'ono usiku, kukonza mawonekedwe a kutentha kwa tsiku ndi tsiku.
Chivwende chimatsanulira mwachangu njerwa
Kamodzi pa sabata, mabulosi amasinthidwa mosamala kuti mbali iliyonse ya zipatso ipezeke kuwala kambiri ndi dzuwa.
Kanema: momwe mungakulire chivwende m'malo otetezeka ku Siberia
Mu wowonjezera kutentha
Mwambiri, chivwende mu wowonjezera kutentha chimakula pa trellis kuti tisunge malo.
M'masiku otentha, simungathe kulola kuti kutentha kwa mpweya kulowa m'malo obiriwira (pamwambapa + 30 ⁰C), kotero kumathandizira kuti mpweya wabwino utseguke ndikutsegula masamba ndi zitseko. Kutsirira kumachitika pokhapokha ndi madzi ofunda pamtunda wonsewo, popewa kuthira kwa madzi pazomera.
Mpaka maluwa achikazi atawonekera pa chomera cha mavwende, ndikokwanira kuthirira madzi katatu pa sabata. Kusokoneza kumachitika mwaukadaulo: chithunzi chilichonse cha maluwa achikazi chimapukutidwa ndi mungu wamwamuna ndi dzanja. Pamapeto pa petiole, pansi pa fanizo lachikazi, pali kakang'ono kakang'ono - chipatso chaching'ono chomwe ndizosavuta kuzindikira ndikusiyanitsa maluwa. Kupukutira kwanyumba kumachitika masana pamene duwa limatseguka bwino ndi louma. Chitani izi mwachangu komanso kangapo. Kuti zipatso zimere bwino, mutatha kupukutira, kuthilira kumachulukitsidwa mpaka 2 pa sabata. Kudyetsa kumaphatikizidwanso ndi kuthirira: kumayambiriro kwa nyengo yakukula, amadyetsedwa ndi feteleza wa nayitrogeni, ndipo patatsala mwezi umodzi kututa, phosphorous-potashi.
Mikwingwirima ikafika 2 metres, chitsamba chimapangidwa ndikukhomekera nsonga ndikuchotsa makwerero. Anthu aku Siberia kale kuchokera ku vuto la kukula kwa mavwende amadziwa kuti m'malo obiriwira ndibwino kungosiya mphukira imodzi yokha ndi ovary imodzi yamphamvu.
Kanema: momwe mungakulire chivwende cha wowonjezera kutentha ku Siberia
Pamene thumba losunga mazira litayamba kulemetsa zingwe zam'mimbamo, zimayenera kumangirizidwa ndi zingwe, maukonde, matumba ogwiritsira ntchito zingwe, mataulo akale a nayiloni, etc. Chifukwa cha izi, zipatso zimasungidwa pa trellis ndikuwunikanso chimodzimodzi.
Matenda ndi Tizilombo
Chilimwe ku Siberia sichimakhala nyengo yabwino. Monga lamulo, theka lachigawo la Julayi muli mvula yozizira, yowala. Nyengo yotentha imakhala yabwino chifukwa cha matenda komanso tizilombo toyambitsa mavwende.
Matenda
Mavwende okhala panthaka amakhudzidwa makamaka ndi nyengo yozizira, popeza chinyezi ndi malo abwino kwambiri opititsira matenda ambiri. Nthawi zambiri, mbewu za chivwende zimakhudzidwa ndi anthracnose, bacteriosis, powdery hlobo, fusarium wilt.
Anthracnose
Anthracnose ndi matenda omwe amayambitsa kuwonongeka kwakukulu kwa mbewu ya chivwende.
Mawonekedwe a matendawa ndiosavuta kuzindikira masamba: onse amaphimbidwa ndi mawanga achikasu, omwe pambuyo pake amasandulika bulauni ndi owuma. Zowonongeka ndi masamba a bowa zimagwa, ndipo mafinya ofooka amakhala osalimba ndikuwonongeka msanga. Vuto losunga mazira limasiya kukula. Vwende yokhala ndi mbewu zosenda bwino komanso zipatso zowola ndi chithunzi choyipa cha "waluso" woopsa wa anthracnose.
Anthracnosis ya mwana wosabadwayo imayamba ndi kuzungulira kwa malo omwe zilonda zimayambira
Wothandizirana ndi causative amapezeka m'mbewu, chomera zinyalala, m'nthaka, ndikukhudza chomera chatsopano, chofalikira ndi mvula ndi mphepo, tizilombo, komanso chifukwa chothirira mosasamala.
Wofukusa wa vwende ayenera kuyang'anira kuthirira, kupereka mpweya wabwino, kulabadira kachulukidwe kamasamba, kuyang'ana kakhalidwe kawirikawiri ndikuchotsa matenda omwe akudwala. Ngati zizindikiro za anthracnose zikupezeka, mbewuzo zimapulumutsidwa ndikuziwaza ndi sulufule.
Fusarium
Fusarium siowopsa kwa mavwende. Wothandizira amatha kukhala mu mbewu ndi dothi pafupifupi zaka 5, kotero mizu ndi maziko a tsinde la chivwende nthawi zonse amakhala oyamba kuvutika. Kuchokera pamizu, nthendayo imafalikira kumadera onse azomera.
Oyamba kuzunzidwa ndi fusarium - mizu ndi maziko a tsinde
Chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa poizoni amene amatulutsidwa ndi bowa, mphamvu yam'mimba ya chomerayo imafooka, ndikulepheretsa kukula kwake. Nthawi zambiri, matenda oyamba ndi fungus amapezeka nyengo yonyowa, ndikuchepa kwa kutentha kwa nthaka mpaka 16 ° C ndi pansi, komanso kudzera osagwirizana ndi malamulo aulimi.
Fusarium wilting nthawi zambiri imawonedwa mu mbande. Ziyenera kusamala kwambiri komanso nthawi kuti mutaye masamba omwe akudwala. Fusarium imatha kupewedwa ngati musamalira mbewu moyenera: Sankhanitsani mbewu, samalirani, mutimasulira mizere, mukuyenera kuthira manyowa. Tchire zowonongeka zimawonongeka ndikuthira manyowa malinga ndi pepalalo la mbewu zotsalira ndi feteleza wa potaziyamu (5 g / 10 l).
Powdery mildew
Matendawa amawonetsedwa ndi mawonekedwe a ma powdery amana pamasamba ndi zotupa za chivwende. Tizilombo tating'onoting'ono timadzalimba pang'onopang'ono pamiyala yotsalira ya mbewuyo, ndipo nthawi yomalizira imayamba kuukira mbewuyo. Kufalikira kwa matendawa kumatha kuchitika ngakhale pakakhala kouma, koma ndi mame ochulukirapo.
Masamba a Powdery amawonekera pamasamba ndi zimayambira za chomera cha chivwende
Masamba amauma, opunduka, ndipo m'dzinja, m'malo mwa yoyera yokha, matupi obowola amawoneka ngati madontho akuda - magwero amphukira wamasamba. Pa mbewu zomwe zakhudzidwa, kukhazikika kwa zipatso kumayang'aniridwa, ndipo zipatso zomwezo zimasandulika popanda zokoma.
Nditapeza matendawa, m'minda yothiriridwa madzi ndi yankho la colloidal sulfure (50g / 10l), yomwe siivulaza tizilombo toyambitsa mungu.
Kupewa matenda
Inde, kupewa kwabwino kwa matenda a mavwende ndiko kuwasamalira bwino. Mbewuzo zimatetezedwa musanabzalidwe, kanjira kamayikidwa ndi choko kapena phulusa, zimayesetsa kupewa chinyezi chambiri. Zipatso zowola zimasiyanitsidwa nthawi yomweyo ndi zaumoyo, ndipo njere zake sizimabzala. Zotsalira za matenda odwala ziyenera kutenthedwa.
Kumpoto, alimi a vwende amagwiritsa ntchito kupopera kwa prophylactic pofesa matenda a mavwende motsutsana ndi matenda ambiri oyamba ndi fungusides Fundazol ndi Oksikh (20 g / 10 l).
Tcherani khutu! Kuwaza mankhwala ndi mankhwala a zokhudza zonse kukhudzana ikuchitika madzulo osaposa masiku 20 kututa chivwende.
Tizilombo
Tizilombo ta mavwende ambiri ku Siberia ndi mawayilesi ndi ma gourds.
Wireworms
Mphutsi zosasangalatsa zachikasu zofiirira ndi mphutsi za kachilomboka zomwe zimapweteketsa kwambiri mbeu pang'onongoka mizu. Mutha kuwapeza pansi, pansi pa chitsamba choyenda. Tizilombo ta nutcracker ndi mphutsi zake zimakonda kukoka namsongole. Chifukwa chake, kuwononga namsongole, mutha kuthana ndi ma waya.
Tcherani khutu! Wamaluwa ambiri, kuti apewe ma waya, amawaza masamba agwa pamalowo, omwe fungo lawo sililekerera.
Mimbulu ndi mphutsi zawo
Nsabwe za m'masamba
Aphid amakhala ndi kuyikira mazira pachomera chamtchire, ndipo kumayambiriro kwa chilimwe amasunthira ku mavwende. Ndizowopsa ngati chonyamula ma virus komanso tizirombo tomwe timayamwa mwachangu, timayamwa timadziti kuchokera masamba, zimayambira, maluwa ndi thumba losunga mazira a mbewu za chivwende. Tizilombo tosiyanasiyana tokhala m'mimba tomwe timakhala pansi pa masamba timatha kuwoneka ndikukupindika kukhala chubu ndi masamba owuma. Ngati simukulimbana ndi tizilombo, nthawi yakula imapereka mibadwo yoposa khumi. Ndikofunikira kuti musaphonye kuwukira koyamba kwa nsabwe za m'matumbo, pomwe lingathe kutsukidwa ndi madzi.
Nsabwe za m'masamba zimakhala mkati mwa masamba a chivwende
Zomera zimasulidwa udzu nthawi zonse, mbewu zimafesedwa ndi phulusa, fumbi la fodya, limathandizidwa ndi infusions wa adyo, ma anyezi. Amalimbana ndi ma satellite a nsabwe za m'masamba, kudya chakudya champhamvu chokhala ndi nsabwe za m'masamba ndikufalitsa mphutsi ndi miyendo yawo. M'madera otentha a Siberian m'malo otseguka, mankhwala ophera tizipatso sagwiritsidwa ntchito kwenikweni, chifukwa mvula yamwadzidzidzi ndi nyengo yozizira zimalepheretsa nsabwe za m'masamba.
Kututa ndi kusunga
Zipatso zazing'ono zazing'ono zimakhala ndi nthawi kuti zipse pafupifupi masabata awiri m'mbuyomu kuposa zipatso zazikulu. Chipatso chakucha chimakhala ndi spatula (mchira), tsamba laling'ono pafupi ndi iro ndi tinyanga tauma kwathunthu. Kutumphuka kumakhala gloss, ndipo mawonekedwe ake amakhala owala bwino.
Kuti muwonetsetse kuti wakucha, dinani pamtengowo ndikumva mawu osamveka. Mukakweza mabulosi, mutha kuwona malo akuluakulu (chizindikiro padziko lapansi) la utoto wachikasu - chizindikiro china chokonzekera kusonkhanitsa.
"Minke" iyi ndi yakucha kwathunthu
Mitundu yoyambirira ndi yakucha yakucha yomwe imakhala ndi zipatso zowonda zomwe zimabadwa ku Siberia sizinapangidwe kuti zizisungidwa kwa nthawi yayitali. Pachifukwachi, ndikofunikira kukolola munthawi yake kuti nthawi yomweyo musangalale ndi mavwende opsa.
Kuti muzisonkhanitsa "minke whales" sankhani tsiku louma. Asungeni mosamala m'makatoni amakalata ndikutseka ndi pepala.
Makatoni ama katoni - chidebe chabwino kwambiri chopezera mavwende
Mwa kugwiritsa ntchito zidule zamitundu mitundu, mutha kukulitsa kusunga mavwende achidziwitso kwa mwezi umodzi, komanso nyengo yapakatikati ndi firmer kutumphuka (Beijing chisangalalo) ndi awiri. Tsoka ilo, mavwende a ku Siberia adzafika patebulo la Chaka Chatsopano mu mawonekedwe amchere ndi achisanu, omwe, mwa njira, amakhalanso okoma kwambiri komanso amtengo wapatali.
Ena amatha kusunga zipatsozo phulusa mumtsuko wamatabwa, ena atakulungidwa bwino ndi nsalu zachilengedwe ndikukupachika m'matumba azingwe, ena amakutidwa ndi sera 1 cm.
Chivwende, yokutidwa ndi sera 1 cm, kuyimitsidwa kumakhalabe pansi kwambiri
Pazochitika zonse, mavwende amasungidwa m'matelere okhala ndi mpweya wabwino, kutentha kwa + 2-3 ° C ndi chinyezi cha 80-85%. Mnyumba, mavwende amakhala nthawi yayitali m'malo ozizira ngati mumawatembenuza tsiku lililonse.
Monga mukuwonera, komanso kudera lovuta ngati la Siberia, mutha kukulitsa chikhalidwe cha kumwera cha mavwende. Kuti muchite izi, muyenera kusankha mitundu yoyenera ndikuisamalira bwino, ndikuwona zochitika zonse zaulimi zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati alimi a melon a Siberia.
