Kaloti ndi mbewu yosadziletsa yomwe alimi aliyense angakhoze kuigwira. Komabe, masamba okomawa samakula bwino pa nthaka yosauka, kotero muyenera kudyetsa kaloti kuti amakula kwambiri, ofewa ndi okoma.
Ambiri amasankha mankhwala kuchokera kumagulu amtundu wa sitolo, zochitika zatsimikiziridwa za wamaluwa ambiri.
Kenaka, ganizirani zomwe mungadyetse mutatha kumera, komanso feteleza sangagwiritsidwe ntchito.
Kodi feteleza amasiyana bwanji ndi sitolo?
Mankhwala a anthu ndi feteleza osadziŵika bwino omwe amayang'aniridwa ndi wamaluwa ambiri. Mosiyana ndi mafakitale a mafakitale, amakhala okonzeka kuchoka ku zinyalala (chakudya, munda), kapena atagulidwa, koma osati m'munda wapadera wamaluwa, koma m'masitolo nthawi zonse kapena pharmacy. Izi ndi zinthu zomwe sizowonjezera zakudya, koma, malinga ndi zomwe zinachitikira, zimakhudza zomera.
Kodi ndi bwino kugwiritsa ntchito chiyani?
Ngakhale wamaluwa ambiri safuna kugwiritsa ntchito "chemistry" pofuna kudyetsa kaloti, ndikofunika kumvetsetsa kuti mankhwala onse a anthu ndi feteleza akupanga nawo mbali. Poyerekeza, gwiritsani ntchito tebulo.
| Kuyerekeza zosankha | Gulani (mafakitale) feteleza | Mankhwala a anthu |
| Mtengo wa | Zamtengo wapatali kapena zotchipa | Kutsika mtengo |
| Ngozi kwa anthu | Gawo loopsya losiyana malinga ndi mankhwala | Zosungika zikagwiritsidwa ntchito molondola |
| Zotsatira za dothi | Yatha | Musati muthetse |
| Masewera olimbitsa thupi | Kuwonetseredwa | Wide |
| Nthawi yoti mugwiritse ntchito | Pamene kuli kofunika kuwonjezera chinthu chenicheni ku nthaka mwachindunji | Pamene kuli kofunika kusintha kapangidwe ka zakudya ndi zakudya zamtundu wonse. |
Kodi chingadye bwanji mizu yobzala pambuyo pa kumera komanso nthawi ina?
Kodi chingamve bwanji ndiwo zamasamba kuti zikule bwino? Kudyetsa kaloti kumagwiritsidwa ntchito mochiza matenda osiyanasiyana.
Mchere
Mchere wamchere (sodium kloridi) wamaluwa akhala akugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa salting mabedi. Mchere umathandizira kuthetsa msanga m'nthaka, kotero karoti amawatenga kwathunthu.
Zotsatira zake zimawoneka makamaka pa dothi losauka - pambuyo pa mabedi amchere, kaloti imakula kwambiri. Komabe, mchere wokhawo sumabweretsa phindu lalikulu.
Yiti
Mkate wa Baker ndi bowa tochepa kwambiri omwe, pamene amasungunuka m'madzi, amatulutsa zinthu zomwe zimachepetsa kukula kwa kaloti mu kaloti. Zimathandizanso kuti mabakiteriya apindule kwambiri m'nthaka, chifukwa choti feteleza amapangidwa bwino ndipo azitulutsa ndi phosphorous.
Muzochita zawo, yisiti bowa ndi ofanana ndi mankhwala osokoneza bongo, koma ndi otchipa. Kugwiritsira ntchito yisiti ndi kotheka kokha padziko lapansi lotentha. Ndipo ngati mutagwiritsa ntchito zovalazi nthawi zonse, nthaka imatayika zinthu zakuthupi ndipo idzakhala osauka kachiwiri. Kuonjezera apo, pa nayonso mphamvu, yisiti imatenga potaziyamu ndi calcium.
Phulusa
Phulusa imapangidwa ndi kuwotcha chinachake. Kulima pogwiritsa ntchito nkhuni phulusa. Lili ndi zinthu zambiri zopindulitsa (potaziyamu, calcium, chitsulo, sulfure, magnesium, boron, phosphorus).
- Ngati mukukonzekera phulusa kuchokera ku mtengo wolimba (thundu, larch, poplar), ndiye kuti padzakhala calcium yambiri.
- Ndipo pamene udzu (udzu wa tirigu, udzu) feteleza uli ndi potaziyamu wambiri.
Zinthu zimenezi ndi zofunika kaloti m'nthawi ya kuthira masamba.
Phulusa imafunika pamene mukukula kaloti pa dothi losavuta (limene chikhalidwe sichimakonda kwambiri), chifukwa chimapanga mlingo wa alkali mwa iwo.
Kuipa kwa feteleza kumaphatikizapo kuthetsa kuyamwa kwa phosphate ndi zomera, kotero phulusa liyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito mosiyana ndi chakudya chomwe chili ndi phosphorous. Kuonjezera apo, sikuvomerezeka kuti tigwiritse ntchito pa dothi lamchere kwambiri.
Iodini
Thupili limaphatikizapo makristu akuda ndi imvi ndi chiwopsezo chachitsulo. Zimagulitsidwa m'masitolo monga mawonekedwe a mchere wambiri wa 5% wokhala ndi fungo labwino. Kuthirira ndi ayodini kumawonjezera zokolola za kaloti, kumapangitsa kukoma ndi mtundu wa mizu mbewu.
Zowonongeka zikhoza kuonedwa poizoni kwa anthu. Ndipo mu kaloti, ngati mlingo wa ayodini ndi wapamwamba kwambiri, masamba akhoza kukhala achikasu.
Nettle kulowetsedwa
Kutsekemera kwa Nettle kumakhala ndi nayitrogeni ndi chitsulo zambiri ndipo imagwiritsidwa ntchito mwamsanga mutatha kufesa kaloti, kotero kuti chomeracho chikhale ndi masamba akuluakulu omwe amapereka zakudya zokwanira mizu.
Musamamwe kaloti ndi kulowetsedwa kwa nettle pakati pa nyengo yokula, kotero kuti musamakhalenso kukula "masamba obiriwira" kuti awononge mizu.
Korovyak
Mchere wa ng'ombe, kapena mullein, umatulutsa zinthu zam'madzi ndipo zimakhala ndi zofunika pa kaloti: nayitrogeni, phosphorous, potassium, calcium, magnesium ndi zina.
Mullear ingagwiritsidwe ntchito kaloti kokha mwa mawonekedwe a kulowetsedwa ndi zing'onozing'ono, chifukwa kuchuluka kwa feterezayi kumayambitsa zowola mbewu.
Zojambula za nkhuku
Mafuta a zinyalala amakhalanso ndi potaziyamu, nayitrogeni, phosphorous, magnesium. Amapereka zokolola za kaloti, ndipo chifukwa cha pang'onopang'ono amatha "kudyetsa" mabedi a karoti kwa zaka zitatu pambuyo pa ntchito.
Zowonongeka zikuphatikizapo kusakhoza kugwiritsa ntchito mwatsopano - Manyowa osakanizidwa amakhala ndi asidi ambiri a uric, omwe angathe kutentha karoti mizu.
Kompositi
Izi feteleza zimapezeka ndi pereplevaniya organic zinyalala ndi munda zinyalala. Chifukwa cha kukonzekera bwino, limakhala humus - chomera chamchere chokhala ndi tizilombo topindulitsa.
Kompositi ikhoza kugwiritsidwa ntchito kufesa mabedi a kaloti mu kugwa pamene kukumba, komanso mulch. Kompositi ndi yaulere, koma imafuna nthawi yochuluka ndi khama kukonzekera.
Mndandanda wa feteleza omwe sungagwiritsidwe ntchito
Chosavomerezeka kuti kudyetse muzu wa mbeu, chifukwa chimakula bwino kapena chimakhala chopanda pake? Zomera zokoma zimayamwitsa bwino feteleza, koma zina zimayenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito mosamala kapena ayi:
- Ndizosatheka kudzaza mabedi ndi manyowa, chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa zinthu zomwe zimakhala ndi kaloti, kukula kwa "zotentha" ndi kukhala "nyanga" (muzuwo umagawanika muwiri kapena mawonekedwe omwe amachititsa kuti maonekedwe ake asawonongeke), osasangalatsa komanso osungidwa bwino ;
- Mbewu yazuzi imakhalanso yopanda malire, ngati panthawi ya kukula kaloti imadulidwa ndi feteleza ndi nayitrogeni wambiri.
Ndondomeko ya ndondomeko: Kodi mungadyetse bwanji masamba?
Mankhwala ambiri amtunduwu amagwiritsidwa ntchito mozizira, kotero pokonzekera zovala zapamwamba zomwe mungafunike:
- galasi theka la lita kapena mtsuko umodzi wokonzekera kuyika;
- chidebe cha ntchito yothetsera;
- magolovesi kuti asasokoneze manja anu;
- supuni kapena kuyesa kuyeza kuchuluka kwa ndalama.
Taganizirani, mu buku lotani, mwanjira iti, mu nyengo yanji ya nyengo yokula komanso nthawi zingati mukufunikira kupanga zojambula zosakaniza kaloti.
| Kupaka pamwamba | Kodi kuphika | Ndichuluka bwanji / momwe mungapangire | Nthawi yoti mupange | Ndi kangati ndi nthawi yanji |
| Mchere | 1 tbsp. sungunulani supuni ya mchere mu 10 l madzi | Mabedi oyambira bwino | Mu July ndi August, pamene mizu imapangidwa | Nthawi 1 |
| Yiti | 0,5 makilogalamu a yisiti pa 2.5 malita a madzi ofunda + theka chikho cha phulusa. Njira yothetsera imadzipatulidwa ndi madzi 1:10 | Mizu yophika | Kumapeto kwa nyengo kumera kufulumizitsa kukula kwa zobiriwira, pambuyo pa milungu itatu ndi pakati pa mwezi wa August | Katatu |
| Phulusa |
|
|
| Nthawi 2 |
| Iodini | Madontho 20 mpaka 10 malita a madzi | Msewu wamadzi | Mu Meyi, atatha kumera | Nthawi 1 |
| Nettle kulowetsedwa | Mu 200 mlita mbiya 2/3 nettle, 1/3 madzi | Madzi pansi pazu | Kumayambiriro kwa nyengo yokula | 2-3 nthawi pamasabata |
| Korovyak | Kulowetsedwa 1:10, umati sabata | Msewu wamadzi | Pambuyo kupatulira komanso pambuyo masabata atatu | 2 nthawi mu masabata atatu |
| Zojambula za nkhuku | Sungunulani m'madzi 1:20, tsatirani masiku khumi kunja | Madzi pakati pa mizere | Mu June, masabata awiri mutatha kumera | 1-2 nthawi ndi nthawi ya masabata awiri |
| Kompositi | Falikira pa bedi, kusakaniza pansi kapena kufalikira mu kanjira | 6-8 makilogalamu pa 1 mita2 | M'dzinja pansi pa kukumba kapena mulch | Nthawi 1 kapena nthawi |
Kupewa kuwonongeka kwa muzu ndi tizirombo
Mchere umathandiza:
- kuchokera karoti ntchentche (madzi 3 nthawi ndi masabata awiri, kuyambira pa masiku oyambirira a June, pang'onopang'ono kuwonjezera njira yothetsera vuto: 300 g pa 1 l madzi, kenaka 450 g pa 1 l madzi, ndiye 600 g), mutatha kutsuka bedi ndi madzi oyera;
- kuchokera ku slugs - perekani bedi ndi njira ya mchere 10%.
Phulusa lopewera limagwiritsidwa ntchito pamodzi ndi fodya kapena kusuta fodya:
- kuchokera karoti ntchentche - kusakaniza phulusa ndi fumbi fodya 1: 1 ndi kufalikira mu mizere pa mlingo wa 5-10 g pa 1 mita2;
- kuchokera mndandanda - Atawaza phulusa pakati pa mizere, kutsanulira fodya kuchokera pamwamba.
Zolakwitsa zotheka
Kugwiritsidwa ntchito kosayenera kwa mankhwala ochiritsira kudyetsa kaloti sikungathandize zomera, ngakhale kuvulaza. Zolakwa zambiri:
- mlingo waukulu kwambiri wa feteleza - kukoma kwa mizu kumakhala koipira;
- kuthira madzi pamwamba pa pepala mukutentha - karoti masamba akhoza kutenthedwa ndi madontho a madzi padzuwa;
- kugwiritsa ntchito manyowa atsopano kapena mlingo waukulu kwambiri wa feteleza organic - nsonga zimakula kwambiri kuti ziwonongeke muzu wa mbewu (izo zimakhala zosagwirizana).
Aftercare: Kodi ndikufunika kuthirira masamba?
Pambuyo pa feteleza, mabedi a karoti ayenera kuthiriridwa, zowonjezera zothandiza zinthu sizidzagwiritsidwa bwino m'nthaka, ndi kumasula mipata.
Anthu okhala m'nyengo ya chilimwe omwe amavomereza chipangizo chamakina m'munda wawo, kudyetsa kaloti ndi mankhwala ochiritsira kungakhale njira yabwino. Ndipotu, zilipo, zotsika mtengo, zotetezeka. Zidzakhala zoperekera nthawi yokonzekera za feteleza zam'nyumba, koma sizidzakhala zopanda kanthu - zazikulu, mbewu zabwino zamasamba zidzakula.
