Momwe mungafalitsire kwa ochititsa

Mbande za Hosta ndizokwera mtengo kwambiri. Zitha kupezeka palokha popanda chomera chokulirapo. Wokongoletsayo, kubereka komwe kumatheka m'njira zingapo, nthawi zambiri kumazika mizu. Momwe mungagwiritsire ntchito njirayi molondola.

Kufotokozera kwamaluwa

Chomera chosatha cha banja lachi Liliaceae ndichilengedwe cha Asia. Amakula kuyambira Meyi mpaka pakati pa nthawi yophukira. Kukongola kwake kumakhala ndi masamba okongoletsa: amatha kukhala ozungulira, oonda kapena ooneka ngati mtima; mtundu wake ndi wopepuka kapena wobiriwira wakuda, imvi, buluu, wachikasu, wamtambo, wofiira; kapangidwe kake ndi kosalala kapena kopepuka, kosalala kapena matte. M'mphepete mwa masamba mutha kupendekeka kapena kupindika, nsonga - yopotozedwa. Pamasamba pawokha pamakhala mikwaso yachikasu yamitundu yosiyanasiyana ndi kukula kwake.

Kodi maluwa amawoneka bwanji?

Masamba amakula kuchokera ku rosettes kuchokera kumizu ndikusonkhana tchire. Wogulitsayo ndi wopanda ulemu, amalolera kuzizira komanso amakonda mthunzi, womwe adalandira dzina la Mfumukazi ya Shadow Garden. Kutalika kwakukulu 50-80 cm (achifumu, Woyera Paul, Atlantis); kutengera ndi mitundu, tchire limatha kukula mpaka 2 m (Saga, Mfumukazi Yaloto, Big Deaddy) kapena 5 cm (Delia, Little Jim, Blue Ice).

Limamasula kuyambira pakati pa chilimwe mpaka pakati pa nthawi yophukira. Ma inflorescence amatenga mabulashi, maluwa ake amafanana ndi mabelu kapena mabatani ambiri ndipo amakhala ndi fungo labwino. Maluwa a Hosta ndi oyera, ofiirira, a pinki kapena amtambo. Ma Peduncle amakula mpaka 1 mita kutalika. Wogulitsayo safunikira chisamaliro chapadera pakulima, kulekerera kupatsirana, kuthana ndi tizirombo ndi matenda, amatha kukula mpaka zaka 10 m'malo amodzi, komanso kuzungulira kwamoyo wonse - zaka 20. Mpweya wakewo ndi wandiweyani, wokhala ndi mizu yopanga.

Wogulitsayo amaphatikizidwa ndi maluwa ena ambiri ogwiritsira ntchito maluwa: maluwa, peonies, maluwa, kobe, medunitsa, amawoneka bwino ndikuphatikizidwa ndi ferns ndi conifers.

Momwe amakonzera anthu ambiri

Njira zofalitsira:

• kugawanika kwa chitsamba;
• mbewu;
• kudula;
• kuyesa mayeso.

Njira yotsirizira imawonedwa kuti ndiyothandiza kwambiri, imagwiritsidwa ntchito m'makampani. Chinsinsi cha njirayi ndikukula mbande m'mayeso oyesa. Njira imagawika mu microclonal ndi meristemic.

Pa kufalikira kwa michere ya michere, mphukira kapena mphukira ya chomera imayikidwa malo owumbiramo, momwe zofunikira za kuwala, kutentha ndi chinyezi zimasungidwa. Mbewu zachikale zimasinthidwa kukhala zakunja.

Kuberekera kwachilengedwe kumapangidwira kuti chithandizire bwino. Pano, maselo akuya a impso (maselo a meristem) amakhudzidwa, ali ndi ma virus angapo komanso matenda. Mtengowo umachiritsidwa pogwiritsa ntchito ma microscope: minofu yam'mimba imayikidwa pokhapokha ndipo imayikidwa m'malo ochita kupanga komwe ma cell amapereka moyo kuphukira kwatsopano. Amayang'aniridwa mosamala ndi matenda ndipo ndi mitundu yonse yathanzi yokha yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito pakubala kwina.

Mbande zomwe zimakula mwanjira zotere zimatha kukhala mtundu watsopano ndipo sizisunga mawonekedwe amtundu wa mbewuzo, monga momwe chilengedwe chimawakhudzira. Inde, njirayi ndiyovuta, imafunikira zida zapadera, choncho ndizosatha mphamvu za wofesa wamba.

Kodi ndi liti komanso momwe mungafalitsire khamu mwakugawa chitsamba

Pogawa tchire, munthu wamkulu yekha, wathanzi amafalitsidwa. Chidacho chikakulirakulira, chambiri chake ndichogawikacho. Kuti muchite izi, kukumba tchire lonse. Pa chiwembu chimodzi payenera kukhala masamba angapo okhala ndi masamba. Zabzalidwa pamtunda womwewo mbewu yomwe kholo idakula. Mtunda pakati pa kubzala uzisamalidwa pafupifupi masentimita 30. Zomera zobzalidwa kuti zizipulumuka bwino zimathiriridwa mokwanira ndi mulch dothi lozungulira ndi utuchi kapena udzu wouma.

Ndizigawana nawo nthawi yanji? Nthawi yabwino yogawa chitsamba:

• kuyambira Meyi;
• mwezi uliwonse wa chilimwe;
• kuyambira Seputembala.

Mutha kubzala chitsamba pokhwima bwino. Chizindikiro chokhazikika cha mipando yofunikira ndi pamene pakati pa korona wayamba kuchepera.

Chitsamba chimatha kupanga zaka zisanu. Zomera zazing'ono sizimawonetsa mpangidwe wake, zimamera pamene zimakula. Chifukwa chake, zosinthira pafupipafupi ndizosafunikira, popeza simungathe kudikirira mayendedwe amwe omwe akukalandira. Koyamba mutha kugawa chitsamba patatha zaka 4-5.

Momwe mungagawire wolandira

Kuchokera pa zida zamaluwa musankhe yoyenera. Ndikwabwino kugwira ntchito ndi chitsamba chachikulu ndi fosholo, chaching'ono ndi mpeni wamano, ndi mizu yayikulu gwiritsani hacksaw yachitsulo (wodulayo amathandizidwa ndi phulusa kapena makala opera kuti alephere kuwola).

Tisanachotsere mbewuyo pansi, duwalo lozungulira masentimita 10 limadulidwapo mozungulira ngati chitsamba ndichaching'ono, ndipo 30-35 masentimita ngati chitsamba ndichachikulu. Kenako amafosola pansi pa muzu ndi fosholo ndikupanga mosamala chomera chokhala ndi dothi lapansi.

Muyenera kugawa mwamantha moyenera kuti pang'ono pang'ono momwe angawononge mizu. Mizu yaying'ono imagawidwa mosamala ndi dzanja, mbande zazikulu zimagawidwa ndi mpeni ndi cloves.

Mitundu yomwe imamera pang'onopang'ono imagawika m'magawo akuluakulu, ndipo mitundu yomwe ikukula bwino imakula ngakhale kuchokera pamodzi. Tchire lonse ndikosayenera kugawika magawo anayi.

Mizu

Zidazi zimayendera kuti ziwonongeke komanso kudwala, ndipo masamba okayikitsa amachotsedwa.

Nthaka imakonzedwa kaya kugwa kapena mwezi umodzi usanabzalidwe: kukumba ndikuwonjezera feteleza. Zopangira feteleza zimagwiritsidwa ntchito panthaka yosauka.

Delenki adabzala pamalo omwewo mbewu yomwe makolo adamera. Pansi pa dzenje, phulusa lamatanda limathiridwa. Mtunda pakati pa mitengo yodzalidwa uzisamalidwa pafupifupi masentimita 30. Zomera zobzalidwa zimathiriridwa mokulira ndi mulch nthaka mozungulira ndi utuchi kapena udzu wouma kuti mupulumuke.

Monga kuvala kwapamwamba poyamba, mutha kugwiritsa ntchito kulowetsedwa kwa mullein. Onetsetsani kuti mumasula pansi nthawi ndi nthawi ndikuchotsa namsongole.

Mutha kuchotseredwa popanda kukumba chitsamba chonse. Kuti muchite izi, sankhani malo amodzi kapena angapo olimba. Amakungidwa kuchokera panja ndipo amapatukana mosamala ndi chitsamba. Zotsatira zopanda pake zimadzazidwa ndi feteleza, mmera umathiriridwa madzi ambiri. Kugawanitsa komwe kumadza kumabzala koyamba pamabedi okonzedwa ndikukula, kenako ndikuwayika kumalo okhazikika.

Gawoli

Kufalikira kwa makamu ndi masamba

Njirayi ndi yosavuta komanso yofulumira kupereka. Nthawi yabwino yoswana:

• masika apakati;
• kuyamba kwa chilimwe.

Njira yolerera siziwononga mizu komanso imasinthasintha mawonekedwe a mbewu.

Mu mphukira yaying'ono, kudula rosette ndi gawo la rhizome pogwiritsa ntchito mpeni wakuthwa. Gawo limathandizidwa ndi mchenga. Malo odulirirawo amabzala mu wowonjezera kutentha kapena pamtunda ndipo amaphimbidwa ndi botolo. Masamba amatalika kwa masabata atatu.

Chomera chikakula, chimasinthidwa kukhala malo okhazikika. Dziko lapansi likufunika kuti liziumbike, kuthiriridwa bwino ndi kuyamwa. Zotsirizazi zimangogwira mitundu ya sing'anga ndi yayikulu, yaying'ono komanso yaying'ono pamtunduwu imatha kufa.

Momwe mungakulitsire mbewu zochuluka

Kodi mtengowo umafalitsidwa bwanji ndi mbewu? Zomera ndizovuta kufalitsa ndi mbewu, chifukwa zimamera pang'ono. Mwanjira imeneyi, mitundu yomwe imakula pang'onopang'ono imabadwa, ndipo ina siyimachita maluwa ndipo, chifukwa chake, singabale mbewu. Zambiri zimatengera nyengo nyengo. Zizindikiro zosiyanasiyananso za magulu obzala mbewu amawonekera patatha zaka 4-5.

Mbeu za hosta zitha kugulidwa kapena kuwotchera ku chitsamba chomwe chilipo. Zimakhwima pakatha masabata 6-8 pambuyo povunda. Mabokosi opsa amakhala osasweka komanso osweka, nthawi zambiri kumapeto kwa chilimwe kapena nthawi yophukira.

Kuti zitheke chinyontho, mbewu zimaphwera pamtunda wambiri ndikusungidwa pa 20-40 ° C. Olima ena amakhulupirira kuti mbewuzo zimakula bwino ngati zitasungidwa kwa miyezi iwiri m'malo ozizira (osiyidwa mufiriji kuyambira pa febulo mpaka kubzala).

Dothi lingagulidwe kapena kusakanikirana mosadalira peat, periculite ndi vermit, otengedwa chimodzimodzi.

Monga chidebe, miphika, zotungira, makapu kapena makaseti okhala ndi maselo omwe amagulitsidwa mu shopu yamaluwa ndi abwino. Amathandizidwa ndi mowa wamankhwala. Malo okumbika amafunika pansi.

Dothi lofesa liyenera kumasulidwa, osakhala ndi ziphuphu zolimba. Chidebecho chimadzazidwa ndi chisakanizo chotsirizidwa (peat ndi perlite ziyenera kuphatikizidwa) ndikuthira ndi potaziyamu ya permanganate ndikuthira mumadzi osamba kwa theka la ola. Kenako dothi limaloledwa kuzizirira.

Ndikofunikira kubzala mbewu ndendende ndi mbande mumbale, osati mu greenhouse, hotbeds kapena panthaka.

Mbewu zobzalidwa mu Januware. Asanabzike, adanyowa mu chopatsira chokulitsa (epine, muzu, zircon) kapena stratization pamwezi zimachitika pa kutentha kwa 5 ° C, popeza mbewu zimamera bwino.

Zabzalidwa mpaka akuya kwa 5-7 mm. Tekinoloji yoyenera:

1. Wofanana padziko lapansi.
2. Bzalani mbewu.
3. Kuwaza ndi perlite.
4. Sindikiza.

Izi zikuwonetsetsa kuti mbewuzo zikukhudzana ndi nthaka. Kupondaponda dziko lapansi sikuli koyenera, kuyenera kumasulidwa. Amapangidwa ndipo amaphatikizidwa pang'ono. Okonzeka okonzeka atakutidwa ndi filimu.

Kutentha pafupifupi 20 ° C, mphukira zoyambirira zimawonekera masabata awiri.

Wogulitsa mabande

Nthambi zazing'ono zimayenera kutetezedwa ku dzuwa, kuthilira pang'ono ndikuchotsa condensate mufilimu.

Mbande

Masamba oyamba akawoneka, mbande zimasungidwamo zina, zomwe zidayimbidwa ndi dothi lomanga thupi. Amathiriridwa ndikutsitsa zotengera mumadzi ndi madzi (njira yotsika pansi) ndikusiyidwa mu mawonekedwe awa mpaka nthaka itadzaza ndi madzi.

Tsopano zikumera zakonzeka kupulumuka palokha. Ndikofunikira kuti musankhe malo abwino kwa iwo, wolandirayo salola kulembera, amakonda mthunzi wosakhalitsa, mitundu ina, ndipo amakonda kukula m'magulu. Nthaka imafunikira pang'ono acidic, yonyowa pang'ono, yopatsira chinyezi komanso mpweya. Zakhala zikukonzekera kuyambira kugwa: feteleza wofunikira wachilengedwe amagawidwa m'mabedi akuya masentimita 10. Mu April, kubzala kumayamba.

Tikufika

Asanabzale, mbande zimamwe madzi ambiri, kenako zimachotsedwa mosamala muchotengera, ngati kuli kotheka, zimafalikira mizu ndikutsitsidwa mu dzenje lomwe kale lidakumbidwa. Nthaka yophukira ndi tumphuka iyenera kukhala pang'ono pansi. Dzenje limakutidwa ndi dothi, lopukutika pang'ono, kuthiriridwa mokwanira ndikuwumbika ndi utuchi kapena udzu wouma.

Mtunda woyandikira pakati pa mabowowo uyenera kukhala 50-60 cm, ndipo ngati mitunduyo ikhoza kukula mpaka kukula kwakukulu, ndibwino kusiya mpaka mita.

Poyamba, chomera chomwe mwakhala nacho chitha kukumziridwa (kamodzi pa masabata awiri mpaka Julayi). M'dzinja, dothi limapangidwa manyowa ndi manyowa kapena kompositi. Thirirani mbewu pansi pa mizu. Dziko lapansi liyenera kukhala lonyowa nthawi zonse.

Popewa matenda ndi tizilombo toononga, chomera chimathandizidwa ndi zinthu zapadera.

Nthambi za Hosta zimatha kudalilidwanso mumiyala kwa zaka ziwiri, masamba akapangidwa, ndipo chachitatu, imbani mbande panthaka.

Ngati chomera chomwe chatambacho chikuyamba kuphuka mchaka chodzala, ndibwino kuchotsa mitengo yoyambira, popeza mtengowo sunakhwime.

Wodula nyengo yotentha

Kuti mufalitse gululo ndi zodula, muyenera kudziwa momwe mungazisiyanitse bwino ndi chitsamba chachikulu. Ndondomeko ikuchitika mu Meyi-June. Mitundu yocheperako kapena yomwe imakula pang'onopang'ono nthawi zambiri imafalitsidwa ndi kudulidwa. Mphukira zokha zomwe zimalekanitsa bwino zimasankhidwa (nthawi zambiri zimakhala ndi petioles zazifupi ndi masamba ang'ono). Ayenera kukhala ndi chidendene - chidutswa cha rhizome ndi mizu. Zotsatira zodulidwa zimabzalidwa koyamba pamabedi okonzeka kapena mu wowonjezera kutentha ndikuthilira tsiku lililonse.

Zomera zikayamba kulimba ndikuzika mizu, mutha kuzisintha kumalo osatha.

Kudula

Kukonzekera chomera nthawi yachisanu, masamba amadulidwa ndi secateurs ndikakonkhedwa ndi peat.

Wogulitsayo safuna chisamaliro chapadera, chimatengedwa ngati chomera chaulesi. Ndiosavuta kulima nokha panyumba. Ndi masamba okongola, imatha kukongoletsa dimba lililonse. Chachikulu ndikuphunzira chilichonse chokhudza maluwa, kuphatikizapo za kubereka, kuti mukhale ndi thanzi labwino, osachita ulesi komanso odwala.