Cherry m'madambo: mitundu yabwino kwambiri ndikubzala kumapeto kwa masika

Mwa mitundu yosiyanasiyana yamatcheri omwe amakhala ku Russia, mitundu yambiri yazipatso zam'chigawo cha Central imadziwika, kuphatikiza zam'munsi. Makhalidwe awo amaganizira zofunikira zomwe zimalimbikitsidwa pakukula kwamatcheri m'malo ovuta a dera lino. Cherry mwa mitundu amadziwika ndi kuchuluka chisanu ndi hardness yozizira, oyambirira yakucha zipatso, okhazikika fruiting, kukhwima koyambirira komanso mkulu zokolola. Kuti muzindikira zamtengo wapatali zamatcheri awa, muyenera kuwabzala moyenera m'munda kapena m'nyumba yanyengo yachilimwe.

Mitundu yamatcheri osiyanasiyana obzala m'malo apansi panthaka

Mitengo ya Cherry yoyenera kubzala ndi kukula m'chigawo cha Moscow iyenera kukhala ndi izi:

koyambirira kwa zipatso ndi kukhazikika kwake;
zokolola zabwino;
kukongola kwa zipatso;
kulekerera chilala;
hardness yozizira;
kukana chisanu (mpaka -35^ºC)
chonde;
kuchuluka kukana matenda fungal, makamaka kwa moniliosis ndi cocecycosis.

Popeza nyengo yotentha ya m'chigawo Chapakati imatha kusinthasintha ndi kutentha kwa mpweya (thaws yozizira komanso matenthedwe ozizira a masika), yamatchuthi oyambilira komanso osakhwima osagwirizana ndi nyengo yabwino ndiyoyenerera kwambiri kukula mu Chigawo cha Moscow. Makhalidwewa ali ndi mitundu yambiri Vladimirskaya, Molodezhnaya, Lyubskaya, Turgenevka, Shokoladnitsa, Griot Moscow, Apukhtinskaya ndi ena angapo.

Gome: mitundu yamatcheri abwino kwambiri ku dera la Moscow

Dzinalo mitundu yamatcheri	Maonekedwe a mtengo kutalika kwake	Kukoma kwa zipatso	Njira yayikulu kumwa	Ubwino waukulu mitundu	Zoyipa zazikulu mitundu
Lyubskaya	Mtengo ndi chitsamba; 2,5 m	Zokoma ndi wowawasa pafupi ndi wowawasa	Zokonzedwanso mawonekedwe	Kukolola kwakukulu; chonde; kukhwima koyambirira (zipatso kwa zaka 2-3); chabwino chisanu kukaniza impso	Ambiri chisanu ndi hardness yozizira wa tsinde; chiwopsezo cha moniliosis ndi coccomycosis; nyengo yazifupi (zaka 15)
Vladimirskaya	Wotentha komanso wamtchire; 2,5-5 m	Wotsekemera wowawasa, wogwirizana	Zatsopano komanso kukonzedwa mawonekedwe	Kukolola kwakukulu; kukhwima koyambirira (zipatso kwa zaka 2-3); wabwino hardness yozizira	Zodzilimbitsa; pafupifupi chisanu kukana impso kutengeka kwa moniliosis ndi coccomycosis
Unyamata	Wotentha komanso wamtchire; 2-2,5 m	Wotsekemera komanso wowawasa, mchere	Zatsopano komanso kukonzedwa mawonekedwe	Kukolola kwakukulu; chonde; kukhwima koyambirira (zipatso kwa zaka zitatu); chabwino kukana chisanu	Ambiri nyengo yozizira ya impso; kukana kwa moniliosis ndi coccomycosis
Turgenevka	Wonga mtengo; 3 m	Wowawasa Wokoma, Wokoma	Zatsopano komanso kukonzedwa mawonekedwe	Kukolola kwakukulu; yayikulu-zipatso; kukana chisanu; kukana kwa matenda oyamba ndi mafangasi	Kudzilamulira pang'ono; pafupifupi yozizira hardness a impso; kukana kwa moniliosis ndi coccomycosis
Griot Moscow	Wonga mtengo; 2,5 m	Msuzi Wotsekemera	Zatsopano komanso kukonzedwa mawonekedwe	Kukolola kwakukulu; zabwino kukana chisanu	Zodzilimbitsa; pafupifupi yozizira hardiness; kutengeka kwa moniliosis ndi coccomycosis
Apukhtinskaya	Bushy; 2,5-3 m	Lokoma ndi wowawasa, tart	Mwanjira yokonzedwa	Kukolola kwakukulu; chonde; kunyansala pakuchoka; pafupifupi yozizira hardiness; kukhazikika kwakukulu ku matenda	Maluwa pang'ono ndi kucha; chizolowezi cococycosis
Msungwana wa chokoleti	Wonga mtengo; 2-2,5 m	Msuzi Wotsekemera	Zatsopano komanso kukonzedwa mawonekedwe	Kukolola kwakukulu; yayikulu-zipatso; nthawi yabwino yozizira ndi kukana chisanu	Kutengeka ndi cococycosis ndi moniliosis

Kwa dera la Central (Moscow, Vladimir, Ryazan, Tula, Kaluga, Bryansk dera ndi ena) pali gulu lalikulu la mitundu yambiri yowonjezereka kuuma kwa nyengo yozizira, zokolola, kudzipatsa mphamvu ndi zizindikiro zina, koma, mwatsoka, pakati pawo mulibe zosagwirizana ndi coccomycosis ndi moniliosis.
A.M. Mikheev, woyimira ulimi Sayansi, Moscow
Minda ya Magazini a Russia, Kutulutsa 3, Marichi 2011

Chithunzi chojambulidwa: yamatcheri osiyanasiyana ndi mikhalidwe yawo yofunika

: Lyubskaya Cherry imapereka zokolola kale mchaka chachiwiri mutabzala

: Zosiyanasiyana zimadziwika ndi zokolola zambiri - mpaka 12 makilogalamu zipatso kuchokera mtengo umodzi

: Vladimirskaya ndi imodzi mwazosangalatsa zamitundu yamatcheri, chokoma kwambiri komanso koyambirira

: Zofunikira zazikulu za Turgenevka ndizazipatso zazikulu komanso kukana matenda a fungus

: Ubwino wa mitundu ya Apukhtinskaya: kudzichepetsa posamalira komanso kuphatikiza zabwino

: Kukolola kwakukulu ndi kukoma kwabwinobwino kwa zipatso kumapangitsa izi kukhala zotchuka kwambiri.

: Msungwana wa chokoleti amatchedwa mfumukazi yamatcheri chifukwa cha kukoma kwapadera kwa zipatso zonunkhira komanso mawonekedwe okongola

Kanema: kuwunikiranso mitundu yamatcheri abwino kwambiri a dera la Moscow komanso pakati pa Russia

Nthawi yoyenera kubzala yamatcheri

Ndikwabwino kubzala yamatcheri m'chigawo cha Moscow mkati mwa Epulo nthawi yachilimwe kubzala, kapena pakati pa Okutobala, mwezi umodzi isanayambike nyengo yozizira. Pakawopsezedwa kuti chisanu chikutha, mbande zakonzeka kubzala. Kukhazikika kwa mbande za chitumbuwa kumadalira kwambiri kutentha kwadothi ndi mpweya wozungulira: kutentha ndi madigiri khumi ndiye kutentha kwamalire, pomwe njira zamasamba zimayamba ndikutha. Mtengowo umalowa m'malo wopanda matalala pomwe kutentha kumatsikira pansi kuphatikiza madigiri khumi. Chifukwa chake, mbande zimabzalidwe bwino nthaka ikauma pamwamba +15^ºC.

Hafu yachiwiri ya Epulo ndi nthawi yabwino kubzala ndi kufalitsa mbewu zaminda yazipatso. Ndipo, tsoka, ndi lalifupi: kuyambira pakuchepetsa nthaka mpaka kuphukira. Yesetsani kuti musaphonye pa masiku agolide awa, chifukwa nthawi ya novosady ya masika nthawi zonse imazika mizu bwino ndipo simakhala ndi nkhawa. Magetsi otentha komanso kutentha kwa dothi panthawiyi amathandizira kupulumuka kwa mbewu
V.S. Zakotin, wasayansi, wazambiri zakuthambo, dera la Moscow
Gardens of Russia Magazine, Epulo 4, 2011

Kubzala yamatcheri m'munda wamalimwe

Kusankhidwa kwa tsamba loyenerera kwambiri kumera zipatso zamatchuthi kumapangitsa tsogolo la mitengo ndikupeza zokolola zabwino. Malo obzala mitengo azikhala otsetsereka, otseguka komanso owala dzuwa tsiku lonse. Kukhalapo kwa mthunzi kumakhudza bwino zipatso, kukhazikika kwa zipatso ndi kuloza kwa zipatso. Ndikofunika kubzala mbande za chitumbuwa m'malo omwe ali ndi kum'mwera, kumwera chakum'mawa kapena kumadzulo chakumadzulo. Kupezeka kwa mpanda wokwera komanso nyumba pafupi ndi malo omwe amafikira zimabweretsa mtundu wa cholepheretsa kuteteza mitengo yaying'ono ku mphepo yozizira. Malo osafunikira kulimidwa kwa chitumbuwa ndi malo otsika, makamaka ndi madzi osasunthika ndi mpweya wonyowa. Zomwe zikukula izi zimawononga ma cherries. Madzi apansi panthaka nawonso amakhala ophatikizidwa - mawonekedwe awo opatsirana sayenera kupitirira 1.2-1,5 m.

M'malo momwe mbande ikakonzekera kubzala mu nthawi ya masika, tikulimbikitsidwa kukonzekera maenje obzala m'dzinja. Dzenje lomwe anakumbidwa kukula kwake limadzaza ndi dothi losakanikirana ndi feteleza wopangidwa ndi michere ndipo amatsala mpaka masika. Kugwiritsa ntchito feteleza wa nayitrogeni pakugwa kuyenera kusadzidwa. Ndikadzala yophukira, dzenje limakonzedwa pasadakhale mwezi umodzi.

Nthaka zabwino kwambiri zokulitsa zipatso zamtengo wapatali ndi chernozems, loams ndi sandstones, zomwe zimakhala ndi mawonekedwe omasuka kuti zitsimikizire madzi komanso mpweya wabwino kulowa m'nthaka. Ngati dothi ndi dothi, miyala, miyala, lolemetsa, kuti amasule isanabzalidwe, onjezerani mchenga, kompositi, peat, udzu wowola. Acidity nthaka ndi yofunika kwambiri akamakula yamatcheri. Chizindikiro chake chizikhala mu mitundu (pH) ya 6.5-8.5. Ngati chizindikirochi ndi chokulirapo, ndiye musanabzale, nthakayo imakokedwa ndikuwonjezera phulusa la nkhuni kapena ufa wa dolomite (phulusa la nkhuni 700-800 g / m², ufa wa dolomite - 350-400 g / m²).

Mbande zomwe zakonzedwa kubzala ziyenera kukhala zathanzi, zokhala ndi zotanuka bwino komanso nthambi zophuka. Kutalika kwa mtengo wa Optimum - 60-70 cm

Ngati palibe mbande zanu zomwe zabzala, ndibwino kuzigula pa nazale kapena minda yolima zipatso. Podzala, munthu ayenera kusankha mbande zapachaka zomwe zimakhala ndi mphukira zingapo, mizu yolimba bwino komanso nkhuni zopukutidwa kwathunthu. Pofuna kupewa kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati nyama yamtchire kapena kubzala zinthu zosafunikira kwenikweni, ndikofunika kugula kokha mizu yoyambira ndi mbande kumtengowo.

Mukabzala, mizu ya mmera imapezeka m dzenje laulimi mochokera pamwamba mpaka pansi. Malo opangira katemera (khosi la mizu) ayenera kukhala apamwamba kapena pamlingo wa nthaka. Kuzama khosi lozika ndikosavomerezeka

Musanabzale mbande onetsetsani malowo. Tiyenera kukumbukira kuti mtunda pakati pa mitengo ikuluikulu yamtsogolo uyenera kukhala osachepera 2,5, ndi pakati pa mizere ya mitengo osachepera 3,5. Mukalemba malowo, pitani pokonzekera kubzala maenje. Ngati dothi ndi lachonde, kukula kwa dzenjelo kungakhale kuchokera pa 60x60 cm mpaka 80x80 masentimita, kutengera kukula kwa mizu. Kuzama kwa dzenjelo kumasiyana masentimita 40 mpaka 60. Ndikulimbikitsidwa kukulitsa kukula kwa dzenje lobzala ndi 50% ngati dothi silili lachonde kapena lolemera.

Asanabzike, mizu yowonongeka imachotsedwa pamera. Mukayika mbande pa dothi lomakonzedwa pafupi ndi thandizolo, dzazani bwino dzenje ndi dothi lotsalalo kuchokera kutaya ndikumangirira mmera ndikuthandizira. Mukathirira ndikuthira, dothi lozungulira mtengowo ladzaza ndi peat kapena kompositi

Pali njira zingapo zobzala zipatso zamatcheri. Mfundo yofikira ndi chimodzimodzi kwa aliyense, koma pali zovuta zina.

Chiwerengero cha njira 1. Malamulo okula:

Popeza kutalika ndi kufalikira kwa mizu ya mmera, konzani dzenje lalikulu. Dothi lam'mwamba kwambiri, lachonde kwambiri (kutalika pafupifupi 20-30 cm), mukakumba, kusiya pamphepowo.
Wofanananso kusakaniza feteleza wachilengedwe ndi mchere mu kapangidwe kake: 2-3 zidebe za manyowa owola kapena kompositi, 1 makilogalamu a phulusa, 100 g yosavuta superphosphate (kapena 60 g yowonjezera kawiri), 80 g wa potaziyamu sodium (kapena 40 g wa potaziyamu mankhwala ena).
Mumasuleni pansi penipeni pa kuya kwa 8-10 cm ndikunyowetsa nthaka ndi chidebe chimodzi (10 l) cha madzi otentha chipinda.
Madziwo atamwetsedwa, ikani mcherewo pansi ndi dothi lochokera kudzenje lomwe limaponyedwa pamphepete mwa dzenjelo. Dzazani dzenje osaposa 2/3. Pambuyo pake, sakanizani dothi lonse osakaniza ndi pang'ono pang'ono.
Yendetsani kuthandizira kwa mmera pakati pa dzenje - mtengo wozungulira masentimita 5-7, kutalika kwa 130-150 cm. Izi ziyenera kuchitika musanabzalire mmera, osati mosemphanitsa. Monga mtengo, mutha kugwiritsa ntchito mwachizolowezi fosholo. Kuzungulira pothandiziranapo, tsanulirani mtunda pang'ono wobzala dothi losakaniza.
Mbande zisanabzalidwe zimafunika kudula mizu yonse yosweka, yovunda komanso yovuta.
Kudutsa dzenjelo kuti muike njanji. Tsitsani mmera polimbana ndi chothandizira kuti malo omwe anali kulumikizidwa, omwe amasiyanitsidwa ndi gawo laling'ono la tsinde, ali 5-8 masentimita pamwamba pa nthaka.
Fikani pang'onopang'ono ndikugawa mizu ya mmera pansi pamulu pansi.
Pang'onopang'ono dzazani mizu ndi dothi lomwe latsala kuchokera potayira, ndikuwasintha nthawi ndi nthawi.
Mizu ikakutidwa ndi dothi pafupifupi 15 cm, ndikofunikira kuthirira mtengowo ndi kudzaza dzenjelo ndi dothi pamwamba.
Tambalala dothi mozungulira mmera ndi kompositi ndi humus ndi wosanjikiza pafupifupi 10 cm.
Ndi kuluka zofewa, mangani mtengo wobzalidwa mosamalitsa ndi thandizo la "zisanu ndi zitatu".

Kanema: momwe mungabzalire chitumbuwa

Chiwerengero cha 2. Malangizo akutsata ndi pang'ono ndi pang'ono:

Sapling mizu imasungidwa m'madzi ndi zolimbikitsira mapangidwe a mizu (Kornevin, Zircon) masiku angapo asanabzike. Mutha kupanga yankho la pinki la potaziyamu permanganate kapena potaziyamu kuti muwononge mabakiteriya kapena mafangasi. Izi zisanabzalidwe chithandizo cha mizu chimachitika ngati mmera uli ndi mizu yofooka kapena yowonongeka.
Konzani dzenje loyenera. Siyani dothi lokumbidwalo m'mphepete mwa dzenjelo.
Thirani madzi okwanira malita 10 mu dzenje ndikuwalola kuti amwe. Madzi sayenera kuzizira, kutentha kwa chipinda kapena kutentha pang'ono.
Pansi pa dzenjelo, thirani dothi kuchokera potayira ngati mulunda wawung'ono.
Konzani manyowa osakanizika ndi dongo losakanizirana ndikuviika mizu ya mmera wokonzedwerawu. Kuchulukana kwa osakaniza kuli ngati kirimu wowawasa.
Pang'onopang'ono kuchokera pamwamba pa nsanja yodalirika mothandizidwa. Kutalika kwa chithandizo kumayenera kukhala kutalika kwa 35-40 cm kuposa kutalika kwa mmera.
Ikani mmera pafupi ndi thandizolo ndikufalitsa mizu pang'onopang'ono, ndikuwalozera.
Pang'onopang'ono mudzaze dzenje ndi dothi kuchokera kutaya, ndikuphatikizira kuti mupewe kupanga "matumba am'mlengalenga". Poterepa, tsamba la katemera liyenera kukhala pamwamba pa nthaka potalika kwa masentimita 6-8.
Mukadzaza kwathunthu dzenjelo, muyenera kuti pompopompo nthaka. Mangirirani chingwe chothandizira.
Kuzungulira thunthu la mtengowo, kutsanulira dothi lozungulira ndi mainchesi pafupifupi 1 mita ndi kutalika pafupifupi masentimita 15. Thirani gawo loyandikitsidwa pafupi ndi tsinde ndi mabatani awiri amadzi.
Pakupita pafupifupi theka la ola, madziwo atakhazikika kwathunthu, pindani malo mozungulira thunthu ndi kompositi ya dothi lozungulira komanso kompositi.

Kanema: ndi chinthu chinanso chokhudza chitumbuwa

Ndemanga Zapamwamba

Funso: "Ndiuzeni chonde, ndi chitumbuwa chiti chomwe chili bwino kugula chigawo cha Moscow? Kuti chikhale chokoma, chotsekemera, chotsekemera komanso chowawasa, osawopa chisanu komanso kupewa matenda."
Mwa kukoma kwanga, chabwino kwambiri ndi Vladimirovka. Imakwaniritsa zofunikira zonse kupatula zotsiriza. Koma mwachilungamo, ziyenera kudziwidwa kuti m'dera langa m'zaka zaposachedwa zonse zamatcheri, chokoma komanso chosasangalatsa, adwala. Ndiyenera kusamalira china chake, koma sindingatero, thanzi langa limakhala lokwera mtengo. Ndizodabwitsa kuti ululuwu wakhala m'mundawu kwa zaka zambiri, koma nthawi zina zokolola zimakhala zabwino, ndipo chaka chatha kunalibe chilichonse, ngakhale kuti chimaphuka bwino, ndipo panalibe matalala nthawi ya maluwa.
Lydia, Moscow (kanyumba ku Mikhnevo-Shugarovo)
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Ndili ndi chidziwitso komanso ndikusankha Achinyamata okha omwe adabzala. Malo ena onse ndi omwe anali ndi eni ake kale, akuwoneka kuti ali ndi mitundu yambiri. Pa Achinyamata ndi omwe akuyendetsa nyumba, zokolola ndizofanana - ngati zilipo, ndiye kuti ngati sichoncho, ndiye ayi. Aliyense ankadwala moniliosis.
Marincha, Moscow (kanyumba ku Balabanovo, Kaluga Region)
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Helga adati: "Pezani chitumbuwa cha Vladimirskaya, chomwe ndichipembedzo chodziwika bwino kwambiri, chomwe chimapangira mungu.
Ndimamuthandiza mokwanira Helga. Ndionjezanso kuti Vladimirskaya ali ndi chidwi kwambiri - Vladimirskaya wobala zipatso. Komanso yesani Griot Moscow, Zhukovskaya, Shokoladnitsa. Onsewa ali ndi zipatso zokoma kwambiri ndipo amapindika.
heladas, dera la Moscow
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Kukula kakhalidwe ka chitumbuwa ngakhale m'magawo omwe samasiyana muzoyenera izi, ndikosavuta kukolola zipatso zabwino ndikusangalala ndikukula kwa ziweto zanu. Kusankha koyenera kwa mitundu yosiyanasiyana ndi kusamalira bwino mitengo kumatsimikizira mwayi uwu.