Dolichos ndi mpesa wamuyaya wochokera kwa banja lankhondo. Dziko lakwawo ndi malo otentha komanso madera a East Africa. M'madera omwe chisanu sichimakonda kuchitika nthawi yozizira, dolichos imatha kukula kwa zaka zingapo, koma m'madera ambiri a Russia imalimidwa monga mbewu yapachaka. Mpesa wamphamvu umapanga mphukira yolimba yomwe umatha kubisala nyumba zopanda mpanda kapena mpanda, komanso kupaka khomalo. Maluwa ake onunkhira a lilac ndi ma pod onyezimira ndi zokongoletsera zabwino. Dolichos amathanso kudyedwa, zakudya zokoma ndi zopatsa thanzi zimakonzedwa kuchokera ku "nyemba zakuda".
Kutanthauzira kwa Botanical
Dolichos ndiye wozungulira wamphesa wokhala ndi mpweya wolimba. Amakhala ndimapangidwe opangidwa ndi chingwe ndi zomata zazing'ono kutalika konse. Mphukira zazitali, zophukira pang'ono zimamera pafupifupi 3-4 m, ngakhale pali zotalika mpaka 10 m. Zimayambira ndizotidwa ndi makungwa ofiira. Mphukira zopanda mphuno, zimakwera chithandizocho, ndikupotoza mosavomerezeka.
Pakati pa mtengo wonse wa mpesa pali tsamba lalikulu la petiolate. Ili ndi mawonekedwe amtima komanso wowuma, wachikopa. Masamba ndiwobiliwira. Zowomba za buluzi nthawi zina zimakhalapo m'mphepete mwamkati.
Dolichos limamasula pakati pa Julayi. Mitengo yayitali yokhala ndi masamba angapo imawonekera kumapeto kwa mphukira kapena m'mizere ya masamba apical. Amakhala ndi maluwa akuluakulu okhala ndi miyendo yonse ndipo amatulutsa fungo labwino. Mu inflorescence imodzi imatha kukhala 40 masamba. Ziphuphu zojambulidwa zoyera-zachikasu kapena zofiirira zofiirira. Maluwa a burashi iliyonse amatenga masiku 20. Amasinthana nthawi zonse, kotero kuti ma dolichos amakusangalatsani ndi maluwa mpaka chisanu choyamba.
Pambuyo pakuvundukula, zipatso zimamangidwa - mokhazikika komanso mosyanasiyana ndi nyemba za 2-4. Kutalika kwa podyo ndi masentimita 5-6. Amakopa ndi chofiirira chakuda ndipo amatha kupikisana mu kukongola ndi maluwa. Nyemba zakuda zakuda ndi malo oyera pafupi ndi msana. Ndizopanda mafuta komanso zitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati chakudya.
Mitundu ya Dolichos
Mu chilengedwe, ku India ndi East Africa, pafupifupi mitundu 70 ya ma dolichos amakula. Ku Russia, kokha dolichos vulgarisAmadziwikanso kuti "curly lilac". Chomwe chimapangitsa izi ndi lilac Madontho pamaluwa, mpesa ndi masamba achichepere. Kutengera mitundu iyi, mitundu yosiyanasiyana yokongoletsera imawerengedwa:
- Mwezi wapinki. Zosiyanasiyana ndizofanana ndi mphukira yosinthika ya lilac. Mipesa yotalika mpaka 4 m imakutidwa ndi masamba akulu owoneka ndi maso autoto wowoneka bwino. Pakati pa zobiriwira zobiriwira, mitengo yayitali ya lilac imaphuka. Nyemba, nyemba zofiirira zakuda zimapitilira mpaka nthawi yophukira ndipo zimatha kuwonekera ngakhale motsutsana ndi maziko oyambira matalala.
Mwezi wapinki - Zodzikongoletsera zapamwamba. Mphukira imatha kukula 6 m kutalika. Amakutidwa ndi masamba akuluakulu komanso zazitali, ngati inflorescence. Maluwa amapaka utoto wowala. Ndizoyenera kudula ndipo zitha kuyimirira kwa nthawi yayitali.
Zodzikongoletsera zapamwamba - Lilac cascade. Mtengowo umadziwika ndi mitengo yazifupi, koma yophukira kwambiri. Nthawi zambiri imagwiritsidwa ntchito poyang'anira ma verandas ndi makonde. Maluwa ndi zipatso sizochuluka, koma liana limalimbana ndi kuzizira ndi kuzizira pang'ono.
Lilac cascade - Dolichos lablab (lobia). Mitunduyo imamera kumapeto kwa Kilimanjaro. Mphukira zake zimafika kutalika kwa 3-5 m ndikupereka njira zambiri zamtsogolo. Zina mwazithunzi zobiriwira zakuda ndi mtima zili ma genemose inflorescence. Masamba ndi lilac kapena lofiirira. Mukatha kupukutira, nyemba zosanja zokhala ndi wavy pamwamba zimapangidwa. Muli njere zozungulira kapena zowongoka.
Dolichos lablab
Njira zolerera
Mu chikhalidwe, dolichos imangomera ndi mbewu. Kudula kapena kuzika kwa mizu kumatheka kokha ndikulima kwakanthawi ndipo pamafunika kuyesetsa kwakukulu. Mbewu zingafesedwe nthawi yomweyo. Amachita izi mu Meyi, koma mbande zimamera kwa nthawi yayitali ndipo poyamba zimakula pang'onopang'ono. Zotsatira zake, maluwa amatha kumapeto kwa Ogasiti ndipo sakhalitsa. Nyemba ndi maluwa mochedwa zipse bwino, kotero inu mutha kutaya mbewu m'tsogolo.
Kuti mupewe zovuta zoterezi, ndikofunikira kuti mbeu izitha kubereka. Kumayambiriro kwa Marichi, kubzala, nyemba ziyenera kuchepetsedwa, ndiye kuti, ziwononge chipolopolo. Kenako chinyezi chitha kufika mluza. Pachifukwa ichi, peel yakuda ya mwana wosabadwayo imachiritsidwa ndi fayilo ya msomali, mpeni kapena ma punctures angapo ndi singano. Pansi pa malo oyera pali mluza wokha, womwe sungathe kuwonongeka. Kenako mutha kuwiritsa nyemba kwa tsiku limodzi m'madzi ozizira. Kuti asakhale acidic, sungani zozikika m'firiji.
Kubzala gwiritsani mabokosi kapena mapoto amtundu wa peat osakanikirana ndi dothi la peat, peat ndi mchenga. Ndikulimbikitsidwa kuwonjezera makala pang'ono ndi choko ndi dothi losakaniza. Mbewu ziyenera kuyikidwa m'manda masentimita 2-3 ndi mtunda wa 4-5 cm. Nthawi ndi nthawi, dothi limasungunuka. Chakumapeto kwa Meyi kapena kumayambiriro kwa mwezi wa June, mbewu zakula zimasungidwa panja. Pofuna kuti tisawononge mizu, kuyika ziyenera kuchitika ndi mtanda wa dziko. Pakati pa mbande yolimbana ndi mtunda wa 20-30 cm. Muyenera kusamalira nthawi yomweyo thandizo, lomwe liana likhoza kukwera.
Kulima ndi chisamaliro
Kusamalira dolichos ndikosavuta. Chomera chimakonda malo otseguka komanso owoneka bwino. Ndikusowa kwa dzuwa, mphukira zimamera pang'onopang'ono ndikuwala. Kutentha kokwanira kwa mpweya ndi + 20 ... + 30 ° C. Malo okhala ndi zojambula zolimba ndi mafunde a mphepo yozizira ayenera kupewedwa, chifukwa dolichos ndi mbewu yofatsa yotentha.
Dothi lonyowa liyenera kukhala lotayirira, lachonde komanso lopanda acid. Musanadzalemo, kukumba pansi ndikuwonjezera gawo la tsamba humus kapena mullein. Kuchuluka kwa nayitrogeni m'nthaka kumatsutsana.
Dolichos amakonda kuthirira pafupipafupi. Imanyowetsedwa katatu pa sabata ndi madzi ochepa. Kutentha kwambiri kuthirira kambiri kumafunikira. Nthaka imayenera kuyanika kokha pamtunda, koma kusunthira kwa chinyezi sikuyenera kuloledwa. Kuti mulowetse mpweya m'mizu, muyenera kumasula pansi nthawi zonse ndi udzu.
Panthawi yogwira komanso maluwa, ma dolichos amafunikira zakudya zina. Ndikofunika kugwiritsa ntchito maofesi okhala ndi phosphorous yambiri ("Superphosphate"). Wogwiritsa feteleza umayikidwa m'nthaka 1-2 pamwezi.
Pafupi ndi liana, ndikofunikira kukhazikitsa chothandizira ndi kutalika kwa pafupifupi mamitala 2. Kuti njira zamtsogolo zizitha kuwonekera, zimayenera kupukutidwa nthawi ndi nthawi.
Dolichos amalimbana ndi matenda, komabe ufa wa powdery kapena tsamba lamasamba amatha kukhala m'nkhola zowirira. Kuti muteteze mpesa pamatenda, ndikofunikira kusankha malo owuma ndi podutsa kuti mubzale. Nthawi zina nsabwe za m'masamba, nematode, mbozi zimakhazikika pamiphukira ndi masamba. Kuchokera pa majeremusi, tizilombo toyambitsa matenda amatha kuthandizidwa.
Dolichos pakupanga kwapangidwe
Dolichos ndi yabwino kukongoletsa zipilala, mabwalo amiyala, mipanda ndi nyumba zamafamu mpaka 4. Nyengo yonseyo, imakopa ndi masamba owala, maluwa ambiri komanso zipatso zodabwitsa. Potengera maziko okongola, dimba lamaluwa lokhala ndi mbewu zotsika liziwoneka bwino kwambiri. Oyandikana nawo abwino a dolichos ndi dahlias, peonies, tulips ndi clematis. Ngati mungayesenso pang'ono, mpesa wosinthika umatha kuluka maziko aliwonse ndikupeza chithunzi chokongola pakati pa udzu.
Chomera chimatha kubzala osati m'mundamo, komanso pa veranda kapena khonde. Kuti muchite izi, gwiritsani ntchito chubu chapamwamba. Sungani dolichos m'nyengo yozizira pankhaniyi kudzakhala kosavuta.
Ntchito yophika
Zipatso za Dolichos ndizambiri mu wowuma ndi mapuloteni. Poyerekeza ndi nyemba, ali ndi mawonekedwe osalala komanso kununkhira pang'ono. Nyemba zosapsa kapena nyemba zakhwima zitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati chakudya. Mbale yotsirizidwa izikhala yodzaza ndi zonunkhira za zonunkhira bwino. Zipatso za Dolichos zimagwiritsidwa ntchito mu saladi, mbale zam'mbali, sopo. Zitha kuphatikizidwa ndi masamba, nsomba zam'madzi, nsomba ndi mpunga. Amakwaniritsa njala komanso kubwezeretsa mphamvu. Nyemba zothira mankhwala akum'mawa zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pokonzanso chakudya cham'mimba ndikulimbana ndi matenda am'mimba.
