Mitengo yamkati: Chomera cha khofi cha Arabica chimasamalira kunyumba

Kuchulukitsa, khofi wa kuArabia - wowerengera nyumba amakongoletsa zamkati mwa nyumbayo. Omwe alimi ena amakhulupirira kuti katswiri wamaluwa amatha kudziwa zachilendo. Ngati khofi wa Arabica wabzalidwa ngati chomera m'nyumba, chisamaliro sichokwanira popanda mawonekedwe. Mtengowo ukondweretsa zokolola zoyambirira zaka zingapo mutabzala, sizimapweteka kukhala woleza mtima.

Kutanthauzira Kwathu

C coffeea Arabica ndi mtengo wa khofi kapena chitsamba chosatha chomwe ndi banja la Marenova. Zomera zimamera ku Asia ndi ku Africa, kulikonse komwe amalima khofi kunyumba.

Mtengo wa khofi - chokongoletsera chamkati chilichonse

Kutalika kwa chikhalidwecho kumafika pa 1.5 mita. Mtengowo uli ndi korona wamtengo wapatali, masamba amtundu wobiriwira, wamtali. Kapangidwe ka masamba a khofi ndi kosiyana ndi zotanuka pang'ono. Pepala lamasamba ndi losalala, lokongola. Mizu ya chomera cha arabi ndi nthambi. Muzu wapakati ndi wamtali.

Zipatso ndi maluwa zimakhala ndi mawonekedwe achilendo okongoletsa. Maluwa a mtengowo akufanana ndi nyenyezi za jasmine zokhala ndi miyala yoyera komanso fungo labwino. Amasonkhanitsidwa m'mabisiketi a ma 3-6 pcs. Kusungunuka kwa masamba kumagwera masika. Khofi imazimiririka msanga, pakatha masiku 1 kapena awiri.

Mtengo wa khofi waku Arabia

Pakatha miyezi 6, zipatso zimapangidwa m'malo mwa inflorescence, omwe amakhala ngati ma cherries ofiira. Zikakhwima, zimadetsedwa, ndikupanga tint yakuda. Pali mbewu ziwiri za khofi mu chitumbuwa.

Mitengo Yosiyanasiyana ya Khofi

ChiArabica

Mapiri amiyala, mapiri ophulika, mapiri ndi abwino kwa mtengo wa khofi waku Arabia. Mpaka 5 kg ya mbewu pachaka amachotsedwa pamunthu wamkulu, yemwe ndi pafupifupi 1 kg ya zipatso. Chomera cha khofi chimamva bwino kwambiri: pangani mtengo mpaka 1.5m kutalika kapena kukulitsa chitsamba.

Kupanga chitonthozo ndi chisamaliro choyenera kuonetsetsa kuti mumalandira zipatso za 500 g ku chikhalidwe cha anthu achikulire. Zomera za khofi sizine zazikulu, koma ichi sicholinga chachikulu cha mbewu ya Arabica.

Khofi waku Arabia

Wodziwika bwino pakati pa olima dimba, Albert ndi mtundu wocheperako womwe umalimidwa m'nyumba. Chomera chokongola ndi mtengo wobiriwira womwe umafikira kutalika kwa 3-5 m.Ngati sophwanya malamulo okonza, limamasula kawiri pachaka, kasupe ndi chilimwe.

Robusta

Mtengo wopanda ulemu unapezeka ku Congo Basin m'zaka za m'ma 1800. Zida zachilengedwe:

• amalimbana ndi kutentha kwambiri;
• amakula panthaka yopanda madzi;
• kubweretsa kukolola kochuluka.

Komabe, Robusta adafala atatha kuwononga malo achi Arabica ku Sri Lanka chakumapeto kwa m'ma 1800 ndi dzimbiri. Kuoneka kwa malo olimba kudayamba 1900 ndipo kumalumikizidwa ndi chilumba cha Java.

Robustus amamasuliridwa kuchokera ku Chilatini ngati cholusa, champhamvu, champhamvu. Imayesedwa ngati mphamvu zachilengedwe, koma zotsika kwambiri ku Arabica.

Mtengo wa khofi sunatenthe kwambiri, umafanana ndi shrub 2-3 mamita. Masamba a pubescent amakhala obiriwira, okhala ndi mitsitsi. Maluwa a khofi onunkhira amakhala ndi mtundu woyera.

Zimamasuka Robusta

Kucha tirigu kumachitika pakadutsa miyezi 9-11, mtengo wa mita isanu umapatsa 1.5 kg ya mbewu onunkhira nthawi iliyonse.

La America

Ngati mumasankha khofi kunyumba, kukula ku Lib America ndi njira yabwino. Zipatso zokhwima zimasiyana maonekedwe: mthunzi wofiyira kapena wowala wa lalanje. Kutalika kwa masamba ndi masentimita 40. Kudulira kumathandizira kusintha kutalika ndikupanga korona.

Mtengo waku Libelika

Ma inflorescence ali ndi mtundu woyera, zipatso zofiirira zachikasu zimakhala ndi mbewu yayikulu.

Excelsa

Excelsu idaganiziridwa kuyambira 2006 ngati mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya Lib America. Kuthengo, mtengowu umakula mpaka mamita 20. Pakabzala mitengo, mitengo imayesedwa mpaka 1.5 m kuti ikhale yabwino kwa omwe amatenga khofi.

Ma sheet opambana amakhala ndi mbali zowongoka. Ndiwocheperako pang'ono poyerekeza ndi Lib America, koma olimba kuposa Robusta. Maluwa akuluakulu a mbewu ali ndi fungo labwino.

Mitengo yabwino ya mtengo wovuta umaphatikizira kuchepa tizirombo ndi matenda.

Imakondweretsa mtengo wa khofi

Chomera chimagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati katemera wa mitundu ina kuti apititse patsogolo mphamvu zake.

Kukula mbande za khofi

Zomwe mukusowa

Lima mtengo wa khofi m'nthaka yapadera. Imagulidwa m'sitolo kapena yokonzekera yokha. Zotsatira zotsatirazi zidzafunika:

• pepala la pepala;
• peat;
• mchenga;
• manyowa.

Makala amasakanikirana ndi moss grated. Mlingo wa pH wa gawo lapansi ndi 5.0-5.5. Pakupopera, madontho angapo a viniga amatha kuwonjezeredwa kumadzi.

Chikhalidwe chaching'ono chidzayenera kusinthidwa chaka chamawa, chachikulire pazaka zitatu. Kenako, sinthani dothi lakumwamba. Zomwe nthaka ikupangika iyenera kukhala acidic, yachonde, yopepuka. Imayang'anira gawo la mizu ndikuletsa madzi osasunthika.

Malo abwino

Zoyenera kuyika mawindo a mtengo wa khofi kumadzulo ndi kum'mawa kwa nyumbayo. M'nyengo yotentha, chikhalidwe chimabweretsedwa khonde, lomwe limatetezedwa ku mphepo ndi mvula, komanso dzuwa lotentha.

Ndikofunikira kudziwa komwe mbewuyo imera

Kusintha pafupipafupi m'malo omwe kumawononga zipatso sikukulandilani. Ngati mukufuna kupeza mbewu, mtengowo suukhudzidwa. Kupatsa kuyerekezera korona wa khofi kumadzetsa kuwonongeka kwa mbewu.

Pamene mapulani asunthira duwa lina pawindo lina, komwe kumakhala kuwala, njira zotsatirazi zimatengedwa:

1. Chitsamba chidakutidwa ndi gauze.
2. Shelter imasiyidwa kwa masabata a 2-4, kuti chikhalidwecho chizolowere chilengedwe komanso kuyatsa.
3. Kusakhalako kuyaka mutachotsa chivundikiro cha gauze chikuwonetsa kuvomerezedwa kwatsopano.

Khofi amatanthauza mbewu zomwe zimakonda kukhala zokhazokha komanso sizimakonda zokolola zakomweko. Kwa mmera ingoyesani pawindo lina.

Kusankha kwa mphika

Kusankhidwa kwa mphika kumatsimikiziridwa ndi muzu wapakati wa mtengo wa khofi. Kukula kwa chidebe kupitirira mmera ndi 30% kuti chomera chilandire zinthu zofunikira mokwanira.

Chisankho chabwino cha poto - kukula kwakukulu kwa khofi

Popewa kusasunthika kwa chinyezi, kukhetsa zabwino kumafunika. Dongo lokwakulitsidwa kapena njerwa yosweka limayikidwa pansi pa chotengera.

Zomera zikaikidwa, chinthu chachikulu sikuti kusokoneza mizu, kuchita chikomokere, kuwonjezera kuwonjezera panthaka ndi dothi lapamwamba, pang'ono pang'onopang'ono.

Kuswana khofi

Kudula

Pofulula khofi, gwiritsani ntchito kudula. Zida zapadera za njirayi:

• kudula kwa 10-15 masentimita odulidwa kumapangidwa mosadziwika kuchokera pachikhalidwe chachikulire;
• pali ma 2 omwe amawerenga;
• mtunda kupita kumunsi wamaluwa ndi 2 cm;
• mapepala pazakonzedwazo amachepetsedwa ndi theka pofuna kupewa chinyezi.

Momwe mungakonzekere bwino zakudula za khofi

Kwa mphukira mudzafunika posakaniza dothi labwino lomwe limaphatikizapo mchenga wamchenga wamchere. Ndikofunika kupaka chisakanizo mu uvuni kuti muchotse tizilombo tating'onoting'ono. Tsinde lirilonse limalowetsedwa munthaka ndi 1-1,5 masentimita, litapendekeka ndi nthaka pang'ono, kuthiriridwa ndi yokutidwa ndi botolo la pulasitiki kuti lipange malo obiriwira. Kutentha kwazizira kumeneku + 25 ... + 27ºC.

The mini-wowonjezera kutentha amafunika mpweya wokwanira ndi hydration. Mapangidwe a mizu ya chomera amatenga masabata anayi mpaka asanu. Kukula kwa mphukira zatsopano mu chikhalidwe kukuwonetsa kuzula kwa mmera. Masamba 3-4 akamakula, khofi amauika m'chidebe chokhala ndi dothi losavuta.

Kuchokera fupa

Khofi imalimidwa mothandizidwa ndi nyemba zomwe zimachotsedwa pamtengo wobala zipatso kapena kutsegula pa intaneti. Zipatso za mtengowo zimadziwika ndi kumera kwakukulu. Alumali moyo wa mbewu umangokhala chaka.

Chigoba chofewa cha mbewu chimapanganiza kumera. Kuti muchepetse mawonekedwe a mphukira, gwiritsani ntchito kalozera wopangira gawo:

• ikani mbewu kwa maola 24 mu njira yofooka yaviniga;
• kudula khungu pang'ono ndi mpeni wakuthwa kutalika;
• nyundo pa njere kuti iswe peel.

Pambuyo pang'onopang'ono, njere zimayikidwa mu biostimulant pogwiritsa ntchito Heteroauxin, Kornevin, Ribav-Ekstra, Mizu.

Wobzala mbale yaying'ono, yomwe imadzazidwa ndi gawo lama michere. Mbewuzo zimayikidwa ndi mbali lathyathyathya 1.5 cm. Nthaka yake ndi yothira ndikuphimbidwa ndi filimu kapena galasi.

Kubala mafupa

Chidebe chokhala ndi mbande chimayikidwa pamalo owoneka bwino pomwe dzuwa siligwa. Amathandizira chinyezi cha nthaka ndi kutentha +25 ° С. Kumbukirani kuyendetsa ndege tsiku lililonse. Malinga ndi kugonjera, kudikirira kumera kwa mphukira patatha mwezi umodzi.

Mapangidwe a masamba oyamba akusonyeza kufunikira kwa kukokoloka. Kutola kumachitika pang'onopang'ono koma kwamaluwa akuluakulu, m'mimba mwake ndi masentimita 7. Kuphatikizika kwa nthaka ndi chimodzimodzi. Ndi kukula ndi kulimba kwa mizu, mbewu zimasinthidwa kumiphika yatsopano pambuyo miyezi 10.

Kusamalira Mtengo wa Khofi wa Akuluakulu

Njira yothirira

Mukakulitsa khofi wapa khofi wa arabica, chisamaliro chimaphatikizapo kuthirira koyenera. Mtengowo ndiwosakanikirana kuti udetshe maluwa ndi maluwa:

1. Sizoletsedwa kuthirira mmera ndi madzi apampopi. Ndikofunikira kuti pakhale masiku awiri.
2. Chikhalidwe sakonda laimu.
3. Kusintha kwa gawo lapansi mu thanki kumachitika ndi madzi osungunuka m'chipindamo kapena kupitirira ndi 2-3 ° C nthawi iliyonse pachaka.
4. Zotsalira poto zidzachotsedwa mutathirira.

Mtengo wa khofi m'chipindacho ndi momwe mungakonde ngati amathiridwa tsiku lililonse ndi madzi ofunda.

Mu chikhalidwe chachisanu, njirayi siyofunika. Ndi fumbi lamphamvu, pukuta masamba ndi chinkhupule chonyowa.

Mavalidwe apamwamba

Zakudya zomanga thupi zimakhala ndi phindu pachomera. Zimayambitsidwa ndikubwera kwa kasupe ndikupitilira mpaka masamba atatsirizika. Dyetsani kawiri pamwezi ndi feteleza wa mchere. Kudyetsa kumachitika ndikumatha mchere wamchere (5 g) ndi mchere wa potaziyamu (3 g) mu madzi okwanira 1 litre. Mlingo umodzi wachikhalidwe cha akulu ndi mtsuko wa lita. Kukhazikitsidwa kwa feteleza wamamineral ndi organic jambo (manyowa) ndikotheka.

Zomera za mitengo ya khofi

Nthawi yodzikokanso - chosangalatsa cha kukula kwa mitengo ndikukula. Zimatenga nthawi zonse kutsina kwa mbali zoyambira.

Kukonzekera yozizira

Ngati mukukonzekera maluwa nthawi yozizira, njira zosamala monga:

1. Komwe mtengo wa khofi uli chakumwera. Kutentha kachipinda kochepa kwambiri ndi +15 ° C.
2. Kugwiritsa ntchito nyali za fluorescent pamitambo ndi masiku ozizira.
3. Kuchepetsa kuthirira m'nyengo yozizira.

4. Kuchotsa kudyetsa kuyambira Okutobala mpaka Marichi.

Ngati mbewuyo imayang'aniridwa bwino, patadutsa zaka zingapo, arabica wopanga tokha atathokoza mlendoyo ndi zipatso zonunkhira ndipo amakupatsani mwayi wa khofi weniweni.