Pali mitundu yoposa mazana asanu ya zinyama padziko lonse. Iwo amapezeka kuthengo ndipo amamera ndi alimi a maluwa, m'minda ndi kunyumba. Mmera wawung'onowu uli ndi maonekedwe okongola kwambiri. Forest violet ndi maluwa osadzichepetsa, okondedwa kwambiri ndi maluwa ake owala kwambiri.
Kutalika kwa chomera ndi chaching'ono, 8-15 masentimita okha, masamba ndi ofanana ndi mtima, amawombera, ndipo mzere wapamwamba wa masamba ndi wochepa kwambiri kuposa kukula kwa masamba a m'munsiwu. M'nyengo yozizira, masamba samwalira, koma achoka pansi pa chisanu chobiriwira, ndipo amawoneka chimodzimodzi mu kasupe. Mitengo yowongoka, musagwe.
Kufotokozera mwachidule za zosiyanasiyana
Chaka chilichonse, mizu ya maluwa imapatsa masamba atsopano, chifukwa maziko a masamba aang'ono amapangidwa pa petioles pafupifupi 10-14 masentimita. Mbalame yotchedwa Corolla, yomwe ili ndi mapiri asanu. Iwo amabwera mu mitundu yosiyanasiyana yochititsa chidwi.
Chiwopsezo cha nkhalango chimapezeka ku Northern Hemisphere komanso m'madera otentha. Violet imakula pamapiri a mapiri, m'nkhalango, pamitsinje. Amakula bwino, mabedi onse. Maluwawo ali ndi fungo lokoma. Violet ndi chomera chabwino cha uchi.
Kodi ndi liti ndipo zakhala bwanji?
East Africa amaonedwa ngati malo obadwira maluwa. Baron Adalbert Saint Paul mu 1892, akuyenda, anaona maluwa pakati pa miyala ya Tanzania.
Chomeracho chinakulira muchithunzi. Chisamalirocho chinakopeka ndi masamba a mtundu wobiriwira wabuluu ndi chikasu chachikasu.
Bambo ake anali ndi zokolola zosawerengeka. Adalbert anaganiza zotumiza bambo ake maluwa atsopano. Ndipo kale mu 1893, violet inayamba kuwonetsedwa kwa anthu pachiwonetsero.
Kuchokera apo, obereketsa anayamba kubzala mitundu yatsopano ya violets, yomwe inasiyana kukula ndi mithunzi.
Kuwonekera: masamba, maluwa, zina
Kawirikawiri nkhalango ya violet si yowala monga Mwachitsanzo, munda. Koma iye ali wabwino mwa njira yake yomwe. Maluwawo ndi a buluu, ofiira, a buluu, ofiira ndi malo a chikasu. Kumtchire, pali violets ndi zoyera. M'kati mwake, maluwa sali oposa 1.5 centimita. Poyambira m'dzinja, maluwa pang'onopang'ono amasanduka mbeu mabokosi. Iwo ali ndi mawonekedwe oblong omwe ali ofewa pamwamba.
Nkhumba za zomera zimasiyana mwa mawonekedwe. Masamba onse ndi ochizira ndipo ali ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana: yosalala, yoboola mtima, yopota, ovate, ndi petioles yaitali. Pamphepete mwawo muli malo ochepa.
Masamba amapangidwa mwamphamvu kwa wina ndi mzake ndikupangika muzitsulo. Violet masamba ndi osalala komanso okoma.
Mtundu wobiriwira si basal okha, komanso maluwa amphuno. Mzere wapamwamba wa violets ndi wamng'ono kwambiri kuposa pansi. Mphukira imakhala ndi stamens zisanu ndi ulusi wochepa. Maluwawo ndi osakwatira, opangidwa ndi ma petals asanu, mawonekedwe a lanceolate. Zimayambira maluwa kuchepetsedwa. Kutalika, chomeracho chifikira 12-15 masentimita.
Chithunzi
Nawa zithunzi za nkhalango zotchedwa violets.
Zosamalira
Zopindulitsa kwambiri pamapiri a violets ndi kusowa kwachisamaliro. Kawirikawiri, mitundu imeneyi imatha kuwona m'minda yamaluwa. Kumeneko, duwalo silingadalire chidwi.
Kukula maluwa amkati, m'pofunika nthawi ndi nthawi kupanga msewu kuwomba ndi kupeza mpweya wabwino. Ndikofunika kuthirira mbewu kamodzi pamasabata angapo. Mapepala a mapepala amathandiza kwambiri ngati kuvala pamwamba, koma musadwale feteleza.
Dothi la violet ndi maluwa odzichepetsa ndipo amakonda kubisala mumthunzi. Komabe, pamalo a dzuwa amatha kukula ndi chinyezi chabwino. Imalekerera kuzizira kwachisanu ndi chilala chochepa. Zaka ziwiri zokha zidzakhala zokwanira kuti mbewuyo ikhale m'dera la mita imodzi. Ngakhale violet ndi mosavuta kulekerera kutentha, koma akusowa kuthirira. Pakati pa mmera, nkhalango ya nkhalango imafuna kuthirira nthawi zonse..
Kubzala ndi kukula
- Mbewu zofesedwa mwatsopano. Kufika kungathe kuchitika nthawi iliyonse ya chaka, kupatula m'nyengo yozizira. Mphukira zoyamba zimayamba masabata atatu.
- Nthaka ya violets imafuna kudya, kukhumba, loamy. Mbewu imayikidwa pamwamba ndipo imakhala yodzaza ndi dziko lapansi. Dzuŵa lachindunji la dzuwa siliyenera kugwera maluwa amtsogolo. Komanso, zonse zimaphimbidwa ndi filimu.
- Kuthirira mbewu kumachitika tsiku ndi tsiku.
- Komanso musaiwale kuti nthawi zonse mumayenda.
- Ngakhale maluwa otentha komanso osagwira ntchito, koma kutentha kwakukulu kumafuna chinyezi chowonjezeka cha nthaka.
Ndiponso tsamba la violet limachulukitsa. Kuti muchite izi, mukufunikira tsamba limodzi labwino, popanda kuwonongeka:
- Icho chichotsedwe kuchokera muzere wachiwiri pansi. Iyenera kudula ndi tsamba lakuthwa pamtunda wa 45 digitala.
- Leaf inakhazikika m'madzi otentha mumatsuko.
- Mukafika mizu ya kutalika kwa masentimita awiri, tsambali limabzalidwa peat ku kuya kwa masentimita imodzi.
- Kenaka kuthirira ndi kuphimba ndi zojambulazo.
- Pambuyo pa miyezi ingapo padzakhala ana. Pamene akukula awiri awiri awiri a masamba, amakhala.
Mukamasankha masamba kuti muzule mizu, onetsetsani kuti mumvetsetse vuto lawo. Ayenera kukhala athanzi komanso osapweteka.
Tsamba labwino - ndichinsinsi cholima bwino. Ngati kulima kudzakhala ndi chithandizo cha mbewu, amafunikanso kufufuza mosamala ndikusankha bwino.
Matenda otheka
Pakukula kukula kwa amalima amaluwa akhoza kuthana ndi matenda osiyanasiyana. Chinthu chofunika kwambiri apa ndikuti muzindikire matendawa m'kupita kwa nthawi ndikuchitapo kanthu mwamsanga.
- Mizu yovunda matenda owopsa kwambiri pa duwa. Kaŵirikaŵiri zimawoneka pa kutentha kwakutali ndi chinyezi. Wothandizira matendawa ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda omwe angathe kusungidwa m'nthaka kwa nthawi yaitali. Matenda amayamba ndi mizu.
- Phytophthora - Bowa wina owopsa. Iyo imalowa mu chomera kupyolera mu pestle kapena mzuzi tsitsi.
- Mtundu woyera - mboni ya downy mildew. Matenda osasangalatsa omwe amapezeka ndi chisamaliro chosayenera.
- Kutembenuza mapesi a masamba - Matenda ena osowa. Zikuwoneka ngati chifukwa cha kukhudzana ndi moss kapena kutentha kwakukulu.
Kawirikawiri matenda ena amawoneka chifukwa cha chisamaliro chosayenera. Mwachitsanzo, kuvunda kungawoneke chifukwa cha madzi okwanira, omwe amachititsa kuti mizu ikhale yovunda.
Kutsiliza
Nkhalango ya Violet ndi maluwa apadera. Wodzichepetsa, wachikondi kubisala mumthunzi, komabe, adzakongoletsa munda wako ndi nyenyezi zake zamatsenga, azisangalatsa, ndikusangalatsa.
