Raspberries mitundu Kirzhach wakhala wamkulu pa dacha ziwembu za anthu ambiri. Sichisiyana ndi maonekedwe ena aumulungu, koma chifukwa cha zokolola zake zachilendo, kusamala mosamala sikufunikanso. Choncho, rasipiberi zosiyanasiyana ndi chimodzi mwa anthu otchuka kwambiri m'dziko lathu. M'nkhaniyi tidzakambirana momwe tingamere ndi kukula shrub ndi zokoma raspberries.
Malongosoledwe ndi makhalidwe osiyana
Malingana ndi ndondomeko ya botanical, Raspberry Kirzhach ndi a banja la Rosy la banja la Rubus, ndipo wofalitsa wa ku Russia V. Kitchin adatengera izi zitsamba zosiyanasiyana, adakwanitsa kupeza ndemanga zabwino. Mu Register Register ya Russian Federation, chomeracho chinalembedwa mwalamulo mu 1994.
Chitsamba sichisiyana ndi kukula kwakukulu kwa zipatso. Pazaka 20 zapitazo, mitundu yambiri ya rasipiberi yakhala ikupangidwa, yomwe ili ndi zipatso za kukula kwakukuru. Koma Kirzhach wakhala atakhazikitsidwa kale m'misika yathu ndipo adakali wotchuka chifukwa cha kudzichepetsa kwake nyengo ndi kudyetsa.
Ndikofunikira! Musanadzalemo Kirzhach rasipiberi cultivars, nthaka iyenera kuchitidwa ndi mkuwa sulphate yankho. Ndi mankhwala abwino kwambiri, kotero kuti kupanikizana kwanu kwapadera sikungakhudze tizilombo tosiyanasiyana.Mitundu yambiri ya raspberries inapezedwa ku Volga-Vyatka, North-Western ndi Central Central Russia. Majeremusi a Kirzhach ali ndi makhalidwe omwe ali oyenera kukula ndi fruiting m'madera awa a Russia. Komabe, chomeracho n'chodziwika bwino chifukwa cha kukula kwake kugawo la Ukraine, Belarus, ndi Caucasus.
Kusamalidwa kosautsa ndi chisanu choopsa amaletsa kulima mitundu ku dziko la Siberia ku Russia. Chifukwa cha chilengedwe chonse, Kirzhach amayamikiridwa kwambiri ndi masewera wamaluwa, koma lalikulu zomera, raspberries sizikugwiritsidwa ntchito.
Kirzhach ndi zosiyanasiyana rasipiberi sing'anga kucha. Zipatso zimakula mu mphukira za chaka chatha. Kukolola Berry kumachitika mu July (nthawi zina mtsogolo, malingana ndi dera la kulima). Pali zokolola zabwino kwambiri ndi kukula kwa zipatso - 70-100 c / ha.
Rasipiberi chitsamba ndi champhamvu kwambiri, pakatikati ndi mzere wochepa wa minga wofiirira. Chaka chilichonse amawombera owongoka, wobiriwira ndi waxy coating. Mphukira za zaka ziwiri zimakhala zonyezimira, koma sizileka kubereka zipatso.
Zipatsozo zili ndi mawonekedwe a mbee yowonongeka, yomwe ili ndi pang'ono, mtundu wake ndi wofiira kwambiri, ndipo ikafika mokwanira ndi kapezi. Komiti yokoma pa mfundo zisanu zazing'ono za Kirzhach pamasamba 4.3. Zipatso zili nazo zokoma ndi zokoma kukoma ndi pang'ono wowawasa. Mphamvu ya fungo ili lofiira, fungo limafanana ndi nkhalango zokoma ndi zonunkhira.
Izi rasipiberi kupanikizana ali ndi transportability, yozizira kukana ndizochepa. Mitundu yosiyanasiyana imagonjetsedwa ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda ndi akangaude. Ali ndi kachilombo koyambitsa matenda opatsirana kwambiri, matenda a mizu ndi kuwonongeka kwa kachilomboka ka rasipiberi.
Dzidziwitse nokha ndi zina za rasipiberi mitundu: "Polka", "Cumberland", "Caramel", "Yellow Giant", "Heracles", "Atlant", "Gusar" ndi Tarusa rasipiberi mtengo.
Rasipiberi kubzala luso
Kubzala raspberries kudzera mu teknoloji yoyenera kumapangitsa kuti zipatso za shrub zikhale zabwino kwambiri kwa zaka zambiri. Choncho, tsopano tipenda mwatsatanetsatane zovuta zedi zokhala ku Kirzhach.
Malo oti akule
Ayenera kudzala zitsamba m'malo omwe amamveketsedwa bwino ndi dzuwa. Rasipiberi amakonda dzuwa lambiri ndipo zokolola zimadalira mwachindunji. Ngati mumabzala chomera mumthunzi kapena malo amthunzi, ndiye kuti zimayambira kutambasula kwambiri, kutseka kulowera kwa dzuwa ku zipatso. Ndipo izi zidzasokoneza kuchuluka kwa mbeu ndi mtundu wake.
Rasipiberi chitsamba ayenera kukhala bwino kutetezedwa ku mphepo zamphamvu ndi drafts. Poganizira kuti Kirzhach imatha kutalika kwa mamita awiri mpaka 2,5.5, sikuvomerezeka kubzala pafupi ndi mabedi, chifukwa chidzapanga mthunzi. Kufika m'madzi oyandikana ndi madzi kapena pansi pamtunda sikupambanso. M'malo oterewa, raspberries adzawonongeka kawirikawiri ndi matenda.
Mukudziwa? Russia ndi mtsogoleri wadziko lonse akukula ndi kugulitsa raspberries.Mwa mtundu wa rasipiberi wa nthaka makamaka wodzichepetsa, udzakula bwino pa nthaka loamy ndi nthaka yakuda. Ndikofunikira kuganizira acidity ya nthaka, ziyenera kusiyana pakati pa 5.7-6.5 pH. Zidzakhala zabwino ngati mukupita kukabzala raspberries, mbewu kapena nyemba zakula kale.
Nthawi yabwino
Zomwe zimabzala chomera chomera, choyamba, zimadalira malo a nyengo yomwe muwabzala. Kum'mwera madera nthawi yabwino yopita kumalo adzakhala September - oyambirira October. Kudyetsa kwachangu kumapangitsa kuti chomeracho chizuke m'nthaka ku chisanu choyamba, ndipo kuchokera ku kasupe kuyamba kukula.
Kum'mwera, kutentha kumakhala kosalala ndipo sikunyowa kwambiri, basi tchirepiberi tchire tingayambe pa nyengo yokula ngakhale mizu yawo isanazuke m'nthaka, ndipo izi zimapangitsa kufa kwa mbewu.
Kumpoto kwa dziko lathu ndi bwino kudzala raspberries mu masika. Chaputala apa imadziwika ndi chinyezi chabwino komanso chokhazikika, chomwe chimakhudza momwe zomerazo zimayendera. Koma kugwa kumpoto kwa kukwera kuli bwino. Apa chisanu chimabwera nthawi isanakwane, ndipo ngakhale chisanu chikugwa panthawi yolakwika, shrub ndithu sichimera.
Monga momwe chiwonetsero chimasonyezera, pakati pa maofesi a dziko lathu Kirzhach akubzala bwino, kumayambiriro kwa October. Pamaso pa chisanu choyamba, zomera zimakhala ndi nthawi yokhala pansi, ndipo m'chakachi nthawi zambiri imalowa m'nyengo yokula.
Kulowera
Raspberries anabzala bwino. Fossa iyenera kukhala yozama kotero kuti impso za rhizome zimakula pafupifupi masentimita atatu. M'pofunika kufota mizu ya chitsamba ndi kusakaniza mchenga ndi humus. Musanabzala, mizu ya shrub imayenera kuchitidwa ndi phulusa, zochita zoterezi zimateteza zomera kuti zisawonongeke ku mizu ya bakiteriya.
Kirzhach nthawi zambiri imakhudza khansa ya mizu, choncho, ndikofunika kudzala tchire monga momwe tingathere. Mtunda woyenera pakati pa tchiredi rasipiberi udzakhala 25-35 masentimita mzere, ndi masentimita 45-55 pakati pa mizere. Ngati muli ndi dacha yaikulu, ndiye kuti mtunda uliwonse ukhoza kuwonjezeka ndi 10-15 masentimita.
Kuonjezera apo, ngati kulimbika kwambiri zitsamba, ndiye kuti nthawi yokolola zidzakhala zovuta kuyandikira kwa iwo. Mwamsanga mutabzala nthaka ndi zofunika kuti mulch. Udzu, humus kapena utuchi amatha kukhala ngati mulch.
Posachedwapa, mitundu ya remontant raspberries yakhala yotchuka kwambiri.
Zomwe zosiyanasiyana zimakonda: zofunikira
Rasipiberi yamtundu uwu sichisangalatsa kwenikweni kuzimwa kawirikawiri, kupalira, kudyetsa, ndi zina zotero. Komabe, ndi luso lamakono la chisamaliro, zokolola za Kirzhach zikhoza kuwonjezeka kwambiri.
Kuthirira
Kuthikira madzi ophikira amafunika kuti mizu yake ikhale yovuta kwambiri m'nthaka. Mizuyi imakhudza kwambiri kukula pakati pa khumi ndi khumi za mwezi wa May ndi khumi zoyambirira za June.
Ngati shrub imasiyidwa popanda kuthirira bwino, imayamba kutulutsa masamba ambiri, zomwe zimakhudza kwambiri mbewu. Masamba ndi mphukira zowonjezereka zimalola tchire kuti lipeze chinyezi chimene amafunikira kuchokera mlengalenga. Pofuna kupewa izi kuti zisakwaniritsidwe nthawi yomwe tanena pamwambapa, m'pofunikira kuthira madzi a rasipiberi ndi chisamaliro chapadera.
Mukamwetsa muyenera kuganizira kuti dziko lapansi liyenera kuthiridwa ndi madzi 30-35 masentimita. Awerengeni kuchuluka kwa madzi kuti akuwetsetse motere: Mitsuko khumi ya madzi iyenera kutsanulidwa pamtunda umodzi wa raspberries.
Ndikofunikira! Pambuyo kuthirira, onetsetsani kuti mutulutse nthaka, mwinamwake kutumphuka kwamphamvu kumapanga.Ngati chilimwe chimatentha ndi youma, ndiye kuti muyezi zitatu za chilimwe raspberries ayenera kuthiridwa 6-8 maulendo. Nthawi yoyamba kuthirira iyenera kuchitika mkatikati mwa mwezi wa May, ndipo yotsiriza - kumapeto kwa August. Kusiyana pakati pa kutsirira kumafunika kukhala mofanana.
Kupaka pamwamba
Ngati chomeracho chikudyetsedwa bwino ndi organic ndi mineral feteleza, chikhoza kubala mbewu zabwino. Akusewera mbali yofunikira choyenera chovala kuvala. Pakatikatikatikati pa nyengo mukamasula nthaka kuzungulira tchire, muyenera kupanga mullein ndi kuwerengera kwa makilogalamu 8 pa mita imodzi ya dothi.
Masika onse (makamaka masika oyambirira a rasipiberi), urea ayenera kuwonjezeredwa pa mlingo wa 20 g pa 10 l madzi. Zimathandizira kukula kwa raspberries ndikuwonjezera chitetezo chake. Ndikofunika kwambiri kukonza tchire la Kirzhach nthawi ya maluwa. Pachifukwachi, ntchito ya boric imagwiritsidwa ntchito, yomwe imasungunuka m'madzi mu chiŵerengero cha 20 g wa asidi mpaka 10 malita a madzi.
Panthawi imene zipatso zimayamba kupanga, zitsamba zingathe kuchitidwa ndi nitrophoska. Amadzipangidwanso m'madzi ndipo amamwetsa pansi pa chitsamba. Pa 10 malita a madzi, onjezerani 20-30 g wa nitrophoska. Pokonzekera rasipiberi tchire m'nyengo yozizira, nthaka nthawi zambiri imakumba. Panthawiyi, superphosphate (25g / 10l madzi) ndi potaziyamu kloride (10-15g / 10l madzi) ayenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito panthaka.
Kudulira
Kudula raspberries ndi bwino kumapeto kwa chisanu. Muyenera kuchotsa chirichonse odwala, ophwanyika, ofooka ndi owonjezera. Kupukuta nsanganizo kumapangidwa ndi njira zosiyanasiyana, malingana ndi momwe rasipiberi imagwirira (chitsamba kapena wamba).
Mukudziwa? Kutchulidwa koyamba kwa rasipiberi kunabwerera ku zaka za m'ma 3 BC. Ndipo Roman Cato Mkulu adanena izi muzolemba zake.Zonse zowuma ndi zatsopano zimayenera kudulidwa pansi. Musasiye ma stumps, mwinamwake akhoza kukhala ndi kachilombo kapena mabakiteriya owopsa omwe angadzakumane ndi mphukira yathanzi. Nthambi zomwe zimakhudzidwa ndi matendazi ziyenera kuchotsedwa musanayambe kuphulika. Nthawi zina, ndi zomera zowonjezereka, nkofunika kufupikitsa ndi kukhala ndi mphukira, mwinamwake zipatso zingakhale zochepa.
Ngati rasipiberi yabzalidwa ndi njira yachitsamba, yesetsani kuchoka osapitirira 10 mphukira pa chitsamba. Apo ayi, chomeracho chingakhudzidwe ndi matenda osiyanasiyana. Raspberries, yomwe imamera ndi njira zambiri, imayenera kudulidwa kuti mtunda wa pakati pa tchire uli pafupi masentimita 10. Izi ndizofunikira kwambiri popangira zitsamba.
Kumangirira
Ambiri amaluwa amakhulupirira kuti kumangiriza tchire kumakhala kofunikira kotero kuti sikukula mu kanjira. Koma izi siziri zoona. Garter Kirzhach amapereka zotsatira zabwino zambiri. Mwachitsanzo, ngati zitsamba za rasipiberi zikamangiriridwa bwino, chiopsezo cha matenda a bakiteriya chimachepetsedwa msanga.
Ndi mphepo yamkuntho, matalala kapena mvula yambiri, rasipiberi mphukira idzasweka pang'ono. Kuphatikiza apo, zimakhala zophweka komanso zosavuta kutenga zipatso kuchokera ku rasipiberi yokomangirizidwa bwino.
Ndikofunikira! Ndi chodzala kwambiri chodzala cha rasipiberi baka, chiopsezo cha khansa ya mizu ya bakiteriya imakhudzidwa ndi mizu.Kwa garter ya zomera, m'pofunika kukhazikitsa zipilala pafupi mamita awiri pamwamba pamzere. Mukhoza kuyika zipilala ndi pamwamba, chifukwa mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya Kirzhach imatha kutalika kwa mamita 2.5. Nsanamira ziyenera kuikidwa pamtunda wa mamita 3-4.
Pambuyo pa nsanamira muyenera kutambasula waya (m'mimba mwake 3-4 mm). Wingwe akhoza kumangirizidwa m'njira zosiyanasiyana, koma njira yabwino kwambiri ndi iyi: timatambasula waya umodzi pamtunda wa 60-70 masentimita kuchokera pansi, wina - 1.3-1.4 mamita kuchokera pansi. Pamene garter ndi yofunika kukonzekera mphukira kuti mphukira 70 zigwirizane ndi mphukira 7.
Kodi kukonzekera chomera m'nyengo yozizira?
Chakumapeto kwa nyengo yozizira, isanayambe chisanu, nthaka yozungulira raspberries imayenera kuchitiridwa ndi mulch. Udzu, utuchi, peat kapena humus zingagwiritsidwe ntchito ngati mulch. Kuthira kwa mulch kumakhala wandiweyani masentimita 10-15. Kummwera kwa dziko lathu, kumene rasipiberi ya Kirzhach imafuna chitetezo chapadera ku chisanu, chingwe cha mulch chiyenera kukhala 15-25 masentimita.
Kuwonjezera pa wofiira raspberries, wamaluwa nthawi zambiri kukula wakuda ndi wachikasu raspberries m'munda ziwembu.
Chinthu china chofunika kwambiri chokonzekera raspberries m'nyengo yozizira ndi chake akugwa pansi. Mphukira ziyenera kumangirizidwa ndi chingwe ndi kumangirizidwa pansi pa waya wothandizira. Pambuyo kugwa pansi, raspberries sayenera kukwera mmwamba kuposa masentimita 40 mpaka 50. Izi zimachitidwa kuti mphukira za mbeu zisamangidwe. Pambuyo kumangirira, idzaphimba chisanu, chomwe ndi chilengedwe chachisanu chitetezo.
Ngati nyengo yopanda snowless imakhala m'dera lanu, ndiye zitsamba zimayenera kutetezedwa mwanjira yopangira. Mwa ichi mungagwiritse ntchito oswoven chophimba zinthukuti amangirire kulumikiza kwa garter. Alimi ena amagwiritsa ntchito zomangamanga zamadzimadzi monga pogona.
Mitundu ya mankhwala ndi mitundu
Main Makhalidwe abwino a Kirzhach:
- Mitengo yapamwamba ya zipatso. Kusiyanitsa makhalidwe abwino a kukoma. Kuonjezerapo, chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwake kwapamwamba, zimakhala ndi kuyenda bwino kwambiri, zomwe zimapangitsa kugwiritsa ntchito ma rasipiberi osiyanasiyana pofuna malonda.
- Kununkhira kumakumbukira kwambiri nkhalango zakuda. A nkhalango rasipiberi kwambiri anayamikira pakati mafani a mabulosi chikhalidwe.
- Rasipiberi zosiyanasiyana wodzichepetsa kwa nthaka zinthu.
- Sichifuna chisamaliro chapadera. Kusiya n'kofunikira pazochitika ngati mukufuna kukwaniritsa zokolola zabwino kwambiri.
- Zing'onozing'ono za zipatsozo zikuyerekeza ndi mitundu yatsopano yomwe yafedwa.
- Zoipa nyengo yozizira yolimba. Ndi bwino kukula m'madera akum'mwera. Kumpoto, mukusowa malo osungirako apadera m'nyengo yozizira.
Kuswana malamulo
Mitundu ya rasipiberi zobiriwira kapena mizu ya cuttings. Ngati mwasankha kufalitsa shrub ndi masamba obiriwira, ndiye kuti nthawi yabwino ndiyiyezi. Dulani maluwa obiriwira amafunika pazu. Pambuyo pake, kubzala zinthu zafupikitsidwa mpaka 7-10 masentimita, kutsika mu njira yothetsera mizu ya maola 12-15. Kukula kwa mphukira kumakhala kotere: "Kornevin", "Heteroauxin", indolylbutyric asidi, ndi zina zotero.
Kenaka, cuttings ayenera kubzalidwa mu wowonjezera kutentha kapena pansi pa filimuyi, kuti asunge nthawi zonse (22-25 ° C) ndi chinyezi. Zidzakhalanso zabwino ngati mutayika kukhazikitsa fogging. Ngati mulibe mwayi wotero, ndiye kuti achinyamata omwe amafunika kudulidwa ayenera kumwa madzi nthawi zonse. Full rooting wa cuttings zidzachitika masiku 30-35. Pambuyo pake, zomera pamodzi ndi wowonjezera kutentha dziko lapansi zingabzalidwe m'malo osatha.
Mukudziwa? Pali rasipiberi wofiirira. Kwa nthawi yoyamba inadutsa ku Geneva mu 1893.Nthawi yabwino kuswana muzu cuttings - kasupe. Mbali ya mizu yomwe ili ndi nthambi yampingo imatchedwa kuti mizu yosamalira. Pambuyo padera, nthawi yomweyo imayenera kubzala. Koma ndi bwino kulima nyengo yotentha, pamene kutentha kwa mpweya kwakhazikika (pafupi 22-25 ° C). Mu masabata awiri oyambirira, mizu ya cuttings imayenera kuthirira nthawi zonse. Pambuyo masiku 20-25, zidutswazo ziyenera kukhala pansi.
Monga mukuonera, zosiyanasiyana "Kirzhach" popanda chisamaliro chapadera akhoza kusangalala ndi zokoma zipatso. Koma ngati mukufuna zokolola zazikulu, ndiye kuti padzafunika kuyesetsa, ndipo adzakuthokozani.
