Kukula m'midzi yam'midzi ya kumidzi kumakhala ndi cholinga chosiyana. Ngakhale zina zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pofuna chakudya, ena amachita ntchito yokongoletsera yokha, okondweretsa eni ake malingaliro abwino. Tikufuna kuwuza za mmodzi wa oimira nkhaniyi mu nkhaniyi.
Chovala chamtengo wapatali, malongosoledwe ndi mitundu
Nkhumba yamtengo wapatali (kapena, monga imatchedwanso "ligistrum") imatanthawuza zomera zomwe zimakhala zobiriwira komanso zowonongeka, zomwe zimapangidwa ngati zitsamba zazing'ono ndi mitengo (kufotokozera mitundu yosiyanasiyana idzakhala yosiyana). Amakonda kwambiri ku Ulaya, Australia, Asia ndi kumpoto kwa Africa. Koma mitundu yambiri ya mitunduyi imayimiridwa pa zomera za ku Japan, Himalaya, China ndi Taiwan.
Mukudziwa? Dzina lachilatini la chomera limachokera ku mawu akuti "ligare", kutanthauza kuti "kumanga". Zoonadi, izi zikufotokozedwa bwino ndi zinthu zakuthambo za privet.
Kawirikawiri mumatha kumva dzina lina la zomera - nyama zakuthengo (kapena European) privet. Zitsamba zobiriwira komanso zowonongeka zimatha kufika mamita atatu m'litali, ndipo zimayambira zowonjezera. Masambawa ali ozungulira, kutalika kwake kufika pa masentimita 6 ndi kupitirira 1.5 masentimita. Maluwawo ali ndi mthunzi wokongola wokongola ndipo amasonkhanitsidwa ndi mantha, ndipo fungo liri lakuthwa kwambiri.
Maluwa okongoletsera okongola amakometsera chomera mpaka kumapeto kwa December-January, komabe musagwire zipatso - ali owopsa.
Ngati mitengo yambiri, yomwe imadutsa, imakhala ndi malo apadera odzala ndi kusamalira, imakula m'madera ndi nyengo yoziziritsa, zomera zimatsanulira masamba ambiri, ngakhale kumadera okwera kutentha zimatha kuonedwa ngati zobiriwira.
Koma mitundu ya privet, awo pali mitundu yoposa 50 Choncho, timafotokozera mwachidule otchuka kwambiri.
Chovala chambiri ndi chokongola. Amaperekedwa ngati shrub kapena mitengo yaying'ono yomwe imakula kumwera kwa Russia. Kutalika kwa zomera kumatha kufika mamita 15. Masamba a chiwotchi amawoneka ndi mawonekedwe oblongola, masentimita 15 mu kukula.
Maluwa amakhala oyera, ndipo kutalika kwa mapiko awo ndi masentimita 17. Pomwe kufika kwa autumn, mtengo umaphatikizidwa ndi zipatso za mdima wobiriwira. Mtundu uwu wa privet mwangwiro unkadziwika bwino m'mizinda, ndipo ukhoza kulekerera kwambiri chisanu (mpaka -15 degrees) ndipo sichifuna dzuwa.
Lepidoptera - mtundu wofala kwambiri mu kukula kwa Japan. Imayimiridwa ndi zitsamba, kutalika kwake ndi kutalika kwake ndi mamita 4. Izi zosiyanasiyana zimasiyanitsidwa ndi chomera chobiriwira chobiriwira chomwe chimakhala pafupifupi masentimita 6. Monga momwe zinalili kale, maluwawo ali ndi mtundu woyera, ndipo panicle yawo imakhala ya masentimita 10.
Ndikofunikira! Zipatso zakuda zakuda zakuda ndizoopsa kwambiri, choncho ndi bwino kuzichitira mosamala kwambiri.
Chipinda cha golide - yokongola kwambiri chomera, zosiyana zowala zagolide zagolide zomwe zingathe kukongoletsa munda mu chilimwe ndi m'nyengo yozizira. Mwachidziwitso, kudzichepetsa uku shrub kumafunabe kuyatsa bwino komanso mokwanira nthaka nthaka ndipo popanda izi zidzakula bwino. Masambawa ndi ovunda, obiriwira (wobiriwira pakati, ndi golide pambali). Maluwa okongola, omwe amasonkhanitsidwa panicle, kukula kwake ndi masentimita 10, ndipo zipatso, monga momwe zinalili kale, ndizoopsa kwa anthu.Chiyankhulo cha ku Japan - Zomera zowonjezera zowonjezereka 3-4mm Kuyenera kukumbukira kuti mitundu iyi ndi yovuta kwambiri ponena za nthaka, ngakhale imalekerera chisanu ndi kusowa kwa kuwala. Nthaŵi yamaluwa ya shrub ya Japan ndi yaifupi kuposa ya mitundu ina ya privet, koma imasunga bwino mawonekedwe ake ndipo imayambira mizu m'midzi ya mzindawo. Zitsambazi zingatchedwe chomera chokongoletsa kwambiri, makamaka chifukwa cha masamba obiriwira achikopa, chikhombo chokongoletsera ndi nsonga yosamveka.
Mukudziwa? Mtundu uwu wa shrub yamtengo wapatali wakhala ukugwiritsidwa ntchito mmapangidwe a dziko kuyambira 1845 monga mazenera. Ndibwino kuti zonsezi zikhazikike, komanso kuti zikhale zokongola.
Onani za Aurea - Mtundu wina wofunika kwambiri wa privet, wotchulidwa ndi masamba osiyana. Ndichigawo ichi chomwe chimapangitsa kuti anthu aziwongola kwambiri. Zomera za Aurea zimafika mamita atatu m'lifupi ndi mamita 2 m'lifupi, zomwe zimawalola kuti zikhale bwino mkati mwa munda uliwonse. Masamba otchedwa ellipsoid amdima amawonjezeredwa ndi malire a chikasu, ndipo maluwawo amakhala ndi mtundu wofewa kwambiri ndipo amasonkhanitsidwa bwino.Mitundu imeneyi ndi yopanda ulemu ku nthaka ndipo imalekerera chilala chaching'ono bwino. Komanso, Aurea ndi ya mitundu yozizira kwambiri, ngakhale kuti ili pakatikati mwa Russia ndi zofunika kuti pakhale malo. Ngati nyengo yozizira imakhala yozizira komanso yotentha kwambiri, ndiye kuti tchire lamtunduwu sichitha masamba.
Onani "Zinja" (kapena, monga amatchedwa, "Chigalu cha Chinese") ndi otchuka kwambiri pakati pa wamaluwa. Pafupifupi mahekitala milioni a malo kumadera osiyanasiyana a dziko lapansi amaperekedwa kwa zomera zosiyanasiyana. Izi zamasamba zowonjezera zamasamba zimatha kufika mamita asanu ndi awiri mu msinkhu, ndipo kuyang'ana koyambirira kunakhala kotchuka kwambiri pakati pa okonza mapulani.
Green masamba pafupifupi masentimita 7 kutalika ndi pafupifupi masentimita atatu kugwa kwa dzinja.
Variegated privet - Ndi shrub ya mtundu wobiriwira wobiriwira, umene uli wosiyanasiyana wa Chinese Chinese. Maluwa oyera kwambiri amapangidwa kukhala masango, motero amapereka chomera chokongola. Masamba amanenedwa, ndipo pamphepete mwawo ndi malire a golidi. Chitsamba cham'mundachi sichikusiyana ndi kukula kwake, ndipo kutalika kwake kukuchokera ku 1.2 mpaka 1.5 m.
Kubzala malamulo a privet wamba
Monga chomera china chilichonse, choyamba chimakhala chotsatira malamulo ena obzala. Musaiwale kuti chomera ichi ndi "wokhalamo" m'kati mwa chitsime, kotero chimakhalabe ndi dzuwa. Komanso, privet sakuopa chilala ndi kudzichepetsa kuti asankhe dothi. Komabe, zomera zimakula bwino pa nthaka yowawa komanso yowuma mchenga. Choncho, ngati mukufuna kuti ufike pachimake cha kukongola kwake, nkofunika kukonzekera bwino nthaka: iyenera kukhala yowonjezera yonyowa, yowonjezera komanso yofooka yamchere.
Maonekedwe abwino a nthaka ndi osakaniza a sod, humus ndi mchenga mu chiŵerengero cha 3: 2: 1. Ndi bwino kudzala chomera padera, kuchoka ku nyumba 70-100 masentimita. Pa nthawi yeniyeni ya kubzala, ikhoza kuchitidwa nthawi iliyonse pa nyengo yokula, koma yabwino koposa - m'chaka, isanayambe masambawo. Zoona, ena okonda kubzala zokongola zitsamba mu kugwa, mosiyana, amakhulupirira kuti nthawi yabwino kubzala privet ndi September-October.
Musanadzalemo tchire, onetsetsani kuti mukumba malo osankhidwawo mpaka kumtunda wa bayonet, ndiyeno mukumba dzenje. Miyeso yake iyenera kugwirizana ndi mtengo 65x65, ndipo kuya kwake kuyenera kukhala kwakukulu kuposa mizu ya privet (ndithudi, iyenera kukhala 30 cm ochulukirapo). Mukakumba dzenje, lembani madzi ndi kuyembekezera kuti madziwo atengeke. Kenaka tsanulirani wosanjikiza wa mwala wolemera 10-20 masentimita wandiweyani pansi ndikupanga phulusa la nthaka kusakaniza (nitroammophos ndi mchere wina wothira pansi). Mbeu yamtengo wapatali imayikidwa pamtunda, yongolani mizu yake ndikudzaza dzenje ndi nthaka yofanana, popanda feteleza.
Pakutha mwezi umodzi, padzakhala koyenera kuonetsetsa kuti dothi lozungulira sapling lithema, ndipo pokhapokha zitatha kukwanitsa kudutsa dera lomwe lili pafupi ndi nsalu yoyamba ndi peat ya 5-8 masentimita wandiweyani.
Kodi mungasamalire bwanji turquoise
Kusamalira privet ayenera kuyamba ngakhale isanafike pansi. Kusankhidwa kwa malo oyenera a nthaka ndi sitepe yoyamba yopita patsogolo kukula kwa zomera. Nthaka iyenera kukhala yachonde, ndipo ndiyeso ya acidity ndipo ili ndi kayendedwe kabwino (pafupifupi masentimita 60). Kuonjezerapo, katsabola kakang'ono kamene kakuyenera kuwonjezeredwa ku nthaka yokonzedwa.
Odziwa bwino wamaluwa amalangizidwa kuti akule chomera pamalo a dzuwa, ngakhale mumthunzi izo zidzakhala zabwino kwambiri. Nkhumba imayimiliranso ndi chilala, madzi, ndipo imatha kulimbana ndi chisanu mosasamala m'nyengo yozizira, ngakhale kuchepa kwa kutentha kwa mpweya kufika -35 ° C kumapangitsa kufa kwa shrub.
Kuthirira
Chimodzi mwa mfundo zazikulu za kusamalira timququise ndi njira yothiriramo. Ngakhale kuti chomeracho chimapirira modzichepetsa masiku ouma, ngati sichimwe madzi konse, dziko lophwanyika lidzawononga chitsamba. Ndicho chifukwa chake madzi ndi kupopera mbewu ayenera kukhala nthawi zambiri, makamaka pamene kutentha kwambiri kunja. Kuti musadzaze shrub, yesetsani kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa kuthirira ndipo panthawi imodzimodziyo muwonjezere kuchuluka kwa madzi panthawi imodzi. Nthaka iyenera kuthiridwa pansi masentimita 50 okha.
Mfundo yakuti privet idzakhazikika m'zinthu zilizonse ndizoonadi, koma momwe zidzakhalira mofulumira zimadalira kukula kwa ulimi wothirira. Dziwani kuti mtengo waukulu umafuna 30-40 malita a madzi tsiku lililonse.
Kutulutsa udzu ndi kudulira
Nkhani yachiwiri yofunikira pamene kusamalira chomera ndi kudulira privet. Kawirikawiri, njirayi imachitika kumapeto kwa nyengo, pamene kupatulira tchire, nthambi zowonongeka zimachotsedwa. Nkhokwe zimakonzedwa mu Meyi ndi August, ndipo m'nyengo yozizira, ndibwino kugwadira pansi momwe angathere ndikuphimba chinthu, chifukwa akhoza kuzizira mosavuta.
Kuvala chovala chovala
Kudyetsa privet kumapangidwa zaka 2-3, kumayambiriro kwa masika. Ngati mawanga obiriwira kapena obiriwira amawoneka pa masamba a zitsamba kapena mitengo, izi zikutanthauza kuti dothi la dacha liri ndi kuchuluka kwa acidity. Pachifukwa ichi, musaiwale kusamalira zomera zambiri zomwe zimakula: mahatchi, nkhuni, sorelo, plantain ndi tricolor violet, chifukwa namsongole amakonda nthaka yamchere. Pofuna kuthetsa vutoli komanso kupewa mawanga pamasamba, nkofunika kuti nthawi zonse zithetse nthaka. Kawirikawiri ndondomekoyi imagwera kugwa. Chomera chokhazikika cha mandimu chimagwedeza molingana ndi kukula kwa nthaka acidity:
- dothi lopanda mchenga - 250-300 g / m2;
- nthaka yochepa ya podzolic - 300-440 g / m2;
- mvula yambiri yofiira, loamy ndi dongo - 500-600 g / m2.
Njira ina yabwino yowonetsera nthaka acidity ndi kugwiritsa ntchito ufa wa dolomite. Zimathandizira kuti nthaka ikhale yopindulitsa ndi zinthu zofunika kwambiri za zomera: magnesium, potaziyamu, ndi zina zotero.Kuchuluka kwa ufa wa dolomite kunayambika kumalo otseguka kumadalira nthaka ya acidity level:
- nthaka yowonongeka (pH zosakwana 4) imafuna 500-550 g / m2;
- asidi afupi (pH 4.5-5.2) - 450-500 g / m2;
- nthaka yochepa (pH ndi 5.2-5.6) - 350-450 g / m2.
Kufalitsa kwa privet m'dziko
Pali njira ziwiri zowonjezeretsa kubzala shrub: pozumikizanitsa pamodzi ndi mbewu. Mmodzi wa iwo ali wofunikira mu zikhalidwe zina.
Ponena za kubereka monga chomera chambiri chobiriwira, ndi mitundu yovuta ya zomera izi sizimafuna kwenikweni. Mukhoza kudula gawo la chitsamba ndi fosholo ndikulimera, kapena kukumba mbeu ndi kuwachotsa ku chitsamba cha mayi. Kufalitsa kwa cuttings, ndi bwino kuchitidwa mchaka cha July, pogwiritsa ntchito mapeto a chilimwe. Pogwira ntchito kumtengowo mu June, mungagwiritse ntchito nthambi za chaka chatha.
Njira yokhala pamodzi ya privet ikuchitika mofanana ndi blackcurrant: posankhidwa malo abwino (mumthunzi kapena dzuwa), nkofunika kukumba ndi kuchotsa mizu ya namsongole osatha. Kenaka manyowa awonjezedwa kunthaka, kapena kompositi yowola bwino, ndi kuthirira bwino. Kuchokera pamwamba ndi bwino kutsanulira mchenga wotsukidwa, kumene cuttings wa privet obzalidwa.
Mukamakolola pogwiritsa ntchito otvodok, muyenera kugwadira nthaka imodzi ya nthambi zochepa kwambiri, ndipo musanayambe kuponyera pamphuno, mumagwiritsa ntchito singano yochepa. Pambuyo pake, nthambiyo imabisidwa m'nthaka, ndipo mitsukoyi imayikidwa pamwamba - sphagnum, kapena nthaka yonyowa imatsanulira ndikuphimbidwa ndi filimu (imateteza dothi kuti liwume). Ndiponso, hydrogel ikhoza kutsogoleredwa pansi pa nthambi yosungidwa, yomwe idzasunga chinyezi ndi kupereka mpata woti asakhale nawo nthawi zonse kuthirira nthambi ya prikatanny mwezi wonse. Mukudziwa? Dzina lotchuka la privet wamba - "wolfberry".
Kugwiritsira ntchito privet mu kukonza malo
Nkhumba yamtengo wapatali, yomwe siimatenga nthawi yochuluka yolima ndi kusamalira, ndi imodzi mwa zomera zomwe zimayesedwa kwambiri pakukonzekera malo. Zitsamba zambiri ndi mitengo zimakula mofulumira ndipo zimatha kuwonjezera pa theka la mita pachaka. Mitundu ina ya izo imagwiritsidwa ntchito monga bonsai. Mitengo yamaluwa yokongola ndi masamba okongola ndi masamba owala ndi oyenerera kuti azikongoletsera nyumba.
Kupangidwa kwa bonsai kuchokera ku zomera zabwino ndi bwino kuyamba zaka ziwiri mutabzala. Pachifukwachi, zipangizo zamatabwa zokhala ndi mapepala ophatikizira ndizoyenera. Ndibwino kuti nthawi yomweyo muchotse masamba a masamba a privet, omwe akuoneka ngati chikasu, osati kuchokera ku chomera, komanso kuchokera pansi. Sambani mbiya kamodzi kapena kawiri pa chaka ndi kuchotsedwa kwa moss. Ndibwino kuti musamuke zitsamba kamodzi pakatha zaka ziwiri, ndikuzitenga kumayambiriro kwa masika. Inu mukhoza kudula osati nthambi zokha, komanso mizu, yomwe, mwa njira, imafuna zambiri madzi okwanira.
Ndikofunikira! Chisamaliro chiyenera kutengedwa kuti tipewe kukonza ndi kusintha kwadzidzidzi kutentha kwa chilengedwe.Pokonzekera malo oti mubzala khoma kuchokera ku privet, muyenera kukoka chingwe pamzere wolembedwa kale (wotchulidwa kuti mupange mzere wambiri wa greenery). Pambuyo pake, dzenje limakumbidwa, 50-70 masentimita pansi ndikufika mamita 50 masentimita. Tchire la chomeracho chimayikidwa mmenemo, ndipo mtunda wa pakati pa tchire moyandikana uyenera kufanana ndi 30-50 cm.
Mutabzala, cuttings ayenera kuthiriridwa bwino - kuti akwaniritse zotsatira zake, madzi amathiridwa pazu.
Ngati mukufuna khoma lokongola la turquoise, muyenera kukonza lumo wapadera ndi chingwe, ngakhale kuti kachipangizo kameneka kamakhala koyenera. Ikhoza kupangidwa popanda mipiringidzo.
Mukudziwa? Anthu ojambula malo nthawi zambiri amagwiritsa ntchito golide wamtengo wapatali. Zimatenga mosavuta mawonekedwe ake, ndipo ntchito yake yaikulu ndi ndalama zokwanira za zomera komanso zokongoletsera zokongola.Choncho, privet ndi njira yabwino kwambiri yothetsera vuto la kanyumba kanu ka chilimwe, ndipo mwadzidzidzi mukhoza kupeza mpanda wabwino kwambiri wa "moyo".
