Zimakhala zovuta kupeza munthu wolima masewera omwe sangachite nawo nkhaka. Koma ngakhale adziwa kuti kupambana kumunda mundawu kumadalira kusankha bwino kwa mbewu zosiyanasiyana. Kufesa pamalo otseguka ndi oyenerera kalasi "kulimba mtima".
Nkhaka "Kulimbika F1": Makhalidwe osiyanasiyana
Kufotokozera za nkhaka "Kulimbika" kuli ndi chidziwitso chomwe chomera chimadziwika ndi mtundu wa mtundu wa maluwa. Mitundu ya mazirayi imakhala ndi mtundu wa maluwa; mpaka zipatso zisanu zimapangidwa mu sinus imodzi.
Pa tsinde lalikulu, amakula mpaka masentimita 13-16 m'litali, kumbali kumachoka masentimita angapo osachepera. Mimba yake imadutsa masentimita 4. Zelentsy amalemera kufika 140 g. Zipatso zokhwima zimakhala ndi khungu lobiriwira, minga woyera, ndi masiponji.
Amatha kusunga kukoma kwawo kwa masiku khumi. Mpaka makilogalamu 10 a mbewu akhoza kukolola ku chitsamba chilichonse, ngati mutatsatira njira zonse za agrotechnical.
Malingana ndi nkhaka zamakono "Kulimbika" kumasiyana ndi kukoma kokoma: kununkhira kosavuta ndi zokoma. Nyama yowala imapweteka mwangwiro. Peel, yaying'ono kwambiri, sichilawa zowawa, kusunga mtundu ngakhale kumatentha ndi kusungira nthawi yaitali kutentha kotsika.
Mukudziwa? Malingana ndi chimodzi Malingana ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana idalumikizidwa ku India. Zinyama zina zimanena kuti zinapangidwa ndi Gavish, yemwe amagwira ntchito yofuna kupanga nthanga zokolola.
Zochita ndi zowononga za wosakanizidwa
Nkhaka "Kulimbika" kumamveka bwino kwambiri mu wowonjezera kutentha komanso kunja. Iwo amalemekezedwa kwambiri ndi wamaluwa chifukwa cha kusinthasintha.
Ubwino wa zosiyanasiyana ndi mizu yake yamphamvu, yomwe imapatsa chitsamba chakudya chabwino ndi kukula kwakukulu. Mwachinthu chachikulu Ubwino wa kalasi yogawa:
- chokolola chachikulu;
- kukula;
- kusinthasintha kwa kugwiritsa ntchito zipatso;
- kusamba msanga;
- Zizindikiro zabwino zogulitsa za Zelentsy.
Mukudziwa? Olima minda ndi akatswiri odzala zamaphunziro amawona nkhaka ngati masamba, pamene botanists amazitcha chipatso, ndipo nthawi zina amapita zipatso zabodza (maungu).
Kufesa mbewu za nkhaka poyera
Nkhaka "Kulimbika" kumunda kumakula mofanana ndi mitundu ina, koma ili ndi zina.
Kukonzekera Mbewu
Kupambana kokolola mtsogolo kumadalira m'mene mumakonzekera mbeu za kubzala. Njirayi ndi kusankha ndi kusankha mbeu yoyenera.
Kenaka ayenera kuthiridwa muyeso ya saline ndi kutenthedwa pamalo otentha, mwachitsanzo, pa batenthe yapakati. Pambuyo pake, mbewuzo zimalimbikitsidwa kuti zisamatetezedwe motetezedwa muzowonongeka za potaziyamu permanganate kapena zophikidwa ndi NIUIF-2.
Kuti iwo amere bwino, pamene akukwera mungathe kugwiritsa ntchito soda yakumwa, zinc sulphate kapena boric acid, zomwe zikukulirakulira. Gawo lotsatirali ndi kuuma kwa mbewu, kumene imayikidwa masiku angapo mufiriji.
Kusankha nthawi ndi malo
Zizindikiro za nkhaka zosiyanasiyana "Kulimbika" kumatsimikizira zokolola zawo. Koma kuti zokolola zisangalatse wamaluwa, ndi bwino kubzala mbewu kumayambiriro kwa June. Kufika kungatheke mpaka kumapeto kwa July.
Koma muyenera kukumbukira, kenako nyengo yobzala, kuchepetsa zokolola: pafupifupi kilogalamu ya mlungu uliwonse. Izi zimachitika ndi kuchepa kwa kuunika kwa kuwala.
Choncho, pansi pa malowa muyenera kusankha malo abwino, koma otetezedwa ku mphepo, kukonza ndi kuzizira. Ndibwino kuti malowo asaume padzuwa, monga momwe zomera zimakonda chinyezi. Iyo imakonda kukula mu nthaka yakuda, koma mukhoza kukwanitsa kukolola kokoma.
Udindo wa otsogolera
Mbewu za nkhaka za zosiyanasiyanazi zafesedwa kale mabedi. Koma chifukwa cha zokolola zimakhalanso zofunika kuti zomera zakula kale m'dera lino - kulemekeza kugulira mbewu.
Kukula nkhaka "Kulimbika" kudzapambana m'malo omwe masamba, nyemba, mbatata, kaloti, ndi zina zamasamba zakula kale. Sitikulimbikitsidwa kwambiri kufesa "kulimba mtima" pambuyo pa mavwende, mavwende, maungu ndi mavwende ena.
Kukonzekera mabedi
Pofuna kukonzekera mabedi oti mubzala, ndikofunika kuti muzisamba bwino. Kuti izi zitheke, m'dzinja, phulusa, manyowa ndi nitroammophoska zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pa mlingo wa makapu atatu, ndowa zitatu ndi 70 g pa mita imodzi pa malo omwe akufuna kuti afike.
Kumapeto kwa nyengo, musanafese, m'pofunikira kukumba nthaka, ndikuikiranso ndi filimu kwa sabata kuti ikhale bwino. Ntchito ikuchitika kotero kuti kumapeto kwa May mayiko adakonzeka kubzala.
Kufesa mbewu: chitsanzo ndi kuya
Kubzala nkhaka "Kulimbika" kumadalira momwe teknoloji idzasankhire wamaluwa. Pali mitundu iwiri ya tekinoloje yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito pazinthu zosiyanasiyana: yopanda malire ndi ofukula. Pachiyambi choyamba, zitsime zimapangidwira pamtunda wa masentimita 40 kuchokera kwa wina ndi mnzake.
Mmodzi mwa iwo, mbewu (3-4 zidutswa) zimayikidwa ndi 2-4 masentimita. Ndiye iwo ali ndi ufa ndi dothi lotayirira. Kenako amavala zinthu zamtengo wapatali, nthawi zambiri ndi filimu. Patatha milungu iwiri, muyenera kuyang'ana pansi pa filimuyo ndikupukuta mphukira.
Njirayi siimapanga mapangidwe a tchire, chifukwa zimayambira pamtunda. Amafunikira kutumizidwa kumene kuli kofunikira.
Ndikofunikira! Ngati kulibe kokwanira, kukula kwa mbeu kumachepetsanso, zipatso zimakula pang'ono ndi zopotoka, zimakhala ndi zitsamba zobiriwira. Izi zimachokera ku vuto la photosynthesis.
Zomerazi zikhoza kulimbidwa mwanjira ina - kukula bwino. Pofuna kuchita izi, mbewu zimabzalidwa m'mapiri okonzeka, omwe ali pakati pa 1 mita. Mbewu zimabzalidwa patali masentimita 15 ndikuikidwa m'manda 2.5-3 cm.
Pamene mphukira imawonekera, imadulidwa kuti mtunda wa masentimita 35 ukhalebe pakati pa mphukira. Kenaka, chithandizo chimayikidwa pafupi ndi chitsamba chilichonse, pomwe pamakhala chomera.
Mbali chisamaliro ndi kulima nkhaka kulima "Kulimbika"
Chilimbikitso nkhaka amakula chifukwa cha sayansi yamakono monga mitundu ina ya masamba. Ndizosiyana kwambiri pamene zimalimidwa mu wowonjezera kutentha komanso kunja. Koma popeza kuti zosiyanasiyanazi ndi zofunika kwambiri kumayambiriro kwa kucha, tidzakambirana zochitika za m'munda wake.
Kupanga chitsamba
Monga tafotokozera kale, chomeracho chikhoza kumasulidwa pansi, pamutu uwu simungasamalire mapangidwe ake, kapena mukhoza kupanga chithandizo cha kuphika. Nthawi zambiri, trellis imagwiritsidwa ntchito monga chithandizo.
Kenaka mapangidwe a nkhaka "Kulimbika" kumachitika mu tsinde limodzi. Kuti muchite izi, amachotsedwa pa masharubu a nthawi, ovary, pinching mphukira, kutsogolera kukula mu njira yoyenera.
Ndikofunikira! Nthawi zina pamene chitsamba chimakula, sichibala zipatso. Zikatero, akulangizidwa kuchotsa mbale zazikulu za masamba, kusiya mapesi m'malo awo.
Kuthirira, kumasula ndi kukwera mapiri
Zosiyanasiyana zimathiriridwa monga zilizonse: zowonjezera, koma kuti madzi asawonongeke. Kupanda kuthirira kungayambitse kuwawa kwa chipatso, komanso panthawi yopanga ovary - kuchepetsa zokolola. Kwa ulimi wothirira ntchito madzi ofunda, omwe satsanuliridwa pazu, koma m'munda wonsewo.
Mtengo wa madzi uli pafupifupi 5 malita pa chitsamba chachikulu. Pakakhala mvula yamkuntho kapena chilala chokhalitsa, chizindikiro ichi chiyenera kusinthidwa.
Kukula nkhaka sizingakhale zovuta pa khonde, windowsill, mu chidebe, mbiya, thumba, komanso botolo la pulasitiki.
Feteleza
Anakumana ndi wamaluwa amanena kuti zokolola za zosiyanasiyana zimatengera nthawi yake kudya komanso ulimi wothirira, 80%. M'nyengo ikulimbikitsanso kuti imere mchere ndi mankhwala atsopano osungunuka ndi madzi mu chiŵerengero cha 1:10. Dyetsani nkhaka mutabzala masabata awiri kenako.
Mbewu ikayamba kuphuka, gwiritsani ntchito zowonjezera zitsamba. Pankhani ya fruiting, amawonjezera phulusa kumalo opatsirana ndi kutulutsa masamba ndi yankho la urea. Kuti muchite izi, onjezerani 10-15 g ya mankhwala mu chidebe cha madzi.
Kupewa ndi chitetezo ku tizirombo ndi matenda
Zimakhulupirira kuti zosiyanasiyana "kulimbika mtima" kulimbana ndi matenda omwe ali ofanana ndi masamba awa: maolivi, mabala a nkhaka, powdery mildew.
Koma ngati chiwopsezo, ndibwino kuti nthawi zonse muziwaza ndi fungicides ngati matenda akuwonekera m'madera oyandikana nawo kapena nyengo imathandizira kuti akule.
Pofuna kuteteza tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, tikulimbikitsidwa kukumba mabedi musanadzale ndikupanga nthaka ndi madzi otentha kapena madzi otentha. Amasankhidwa chifukwa chodzala zinthu zathanzipogwiritsa ntchito zipangizo zamagetsi.
Pakati pa nyengo yokula, chomeracho chimafuna kupalira nthawi zonse. M'dzinja, m'pofunika kuchotsa nsonga zonse ndi namsongole kuchokera ku mabedi, kuziwononga kunja kwa malo.
Kukolola ndi kusunga nkhuku yokolola
Zotsatira zoyamba za ntchito ya wolima munda zikhoza kuwonedwa mwezi umodzi mutatha nkhaka, makamaka pakati pa mwezi wa July. Zipatso zoyambirira ndizofunikira kusonkhanitsa musanafike kukula kwa masentimita 10-11.
Kumbukirani kuti mazira a maluwawo amakonzedwa maluwa, kotero nthawi zambiri mukasankha masamba, mwamsanga zipatso zonsezo zidzakula, kuwonjezeka. Kawirikawiri mlingo wa kusonkhanitsa uli kamodzi masiku awiri. Pogwiritsa ntchito luso lamakono la zaulimi, nkhaka za kulimbika zimapereka makilogalamu 10 kuchokera ku chitsamba, ndiko kuti, mpaka makilogalamu 20 akhoza kusonkhanitsidwa kuchokera mita imodzi.
Sungani chipatso ndikulimbikitsidwa mwanakotero kuti asavutike. Kuonjezera apo, chipatso chokwanira chokwanira ndicho choyenera chosonkhanitsa mbewu. Mwa njira, iwo sali oyenerera kubwerera chaka chamawa, ngati tikulankhula momveka bwino za izi zosiyanasiyana.
Ndibwino kuti musankhe masamba kumadzulo kapena m'mawa kuti tsinde likhalebe pamtambo. Kuti muchite izi, gwiritsani ntchito mpeni kapena pruner. Mulimonsemo palibe chomwe chingathetsere nkhaka, kukoka kapena kuchoka ku chitsamba, mwinamwake chomera chikhoza kufa.
Ngati nthawi yokolola imayikidwa pamalo ozizira (7-10 ° C), yotetezedwa ku malo owala, ndi chinyezi cha 80-90%, yokhala ndi zinthu zolimba kwambiri, zingasungidwe kwa masiku khumi popanda kutaya. Ngati kutentha kuli kwakukulu ndipo chinyezi n'chochepa, moyo wa alumali umachepetsedwa kukhala masiku awiri. Zipatso zili ndi khungu lochepa kwambiri, choncho zimataya mwamsanga.
Tikawatsitsa m'chipinda chapansi pa nyumba, komwe kutentha kukuyandikira 0 ° C, akhoza kusungidwa kumeneko kwa mwezi umodzi. Inde, atapereka kuti mbeuyo idasulidwa ndikuchotsa nkhakazo. Sungani m'mabokosi, makatoni kapena mapaleti pa pulasitiki. Komanso kalasi ingagwiritsidwe ntchito m'makonzedwe osiyanasiyana.
Kulimba mtima nkhaka zosiyanasiyana zimakonda kukulira onse odziwa bwino wamaluwa ndi ma novices. Kugwiritsa ntchito zipangizo zamagetsi kumakhala kosavuta, makamaka kumachepetsa kukana tizirombo ndi matenda osiyanasiyana. Zosiyana zimasiyanitsidwa ndi precocity, oyambirira yakucha ndi zabwino kukoma.
