Ziribe kanthu mitundu yambiri yamphesa, aliyense wa iwo ali ndiyekha.
Izi zimakhudzidwanso ndi kukula kwa mpesa, ndi kukana kwa tizirombo zosiyanasiyana komanso, ndizo makhalidwe a fruiting.
Chifukwa cha mitundu yambiri ya mphesa, aliyense angathe kusankha chomwe chimamukondweretsa.
Ngati mukuyang'ana zosiyanasiyana zomwe mungasangalale ndi zipatso zazikulu, zokongola ndi zokoma, timakuuzani kuti mumvetsere "Chisamaliro" zosiyanasiyana.
Tidzayesa kukuuzani mwatsatanetsatane za zosiyanasiyana kuti mupange nthawi yomweyo kugula ndi kudzala mphesa iyi.
Mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mphesa yomwe mwakhala mukuyifuna: kufotokozera za "Kuganiza"
Zodabwitsa, koma mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mphesa lero ndi kulengedwa kwa wamba wodzala amateur V. U. Kapelyushny. Wokonda chidwi uja adayesa kuwoloka mitundu monga "Chithumwa" ndi "Rizamat", monga chifukwa cha mphesa za "Chisoni". Zosiyanasiyanazi sizitanthauza nthawi yokha yokolola, komanso nthawi yayitali yotsekedwa ndi chitsamba cha mphesa pa nthawi ya fruiting.
Pachifukwa ichi, kukula mphesa "Chisamaliro" chikhoza kukhala pansi pa nyengo zosiyana, popeza zili ndi zida zambiri zowonongeka. Ndipo zosiyanasiyana zimenezi makamaka makamaka kwa atsopano mowa, ambiri mafani kukula izo kugulitsa.
Zizindikiro za magulu a mphesa "Chisoni": kusiyana ndi ubwino
Mitengo ya mphesayi imakhala ndi kukula kwakukulu kwa masango ake. Kulemera kwao kulemera kwa 0,7 mpaka 1.5 kilogalamu., ngakhale zili kutali ndi malire a ntchito zambiri. Maonekedwe a mphesa ndi okongola kwambiri, pali magulu awiri ozungulira komanso osowa. Koma makamaka kukumbukira mphesa iyi imapanga mawonekedwe ndi mtundu wa zipatso. Ndipotu, nthawi zambiri simungapeze mphesa yokongola kwambiri, yomwe ilipo 5.5 x 2.5 masentimita.
Kulemera kwake kwa mphesa zazikulu kumakhala pafupifupi 23-25 magalamu, ngakhale kuti chiwerengero cha zipatso chimakhala pafupifupi masentimita 30. Kumayambiriro kwa kucha, mphesa izi zimakhala mtundu wa khungu wachikasu, womwe umakhala wofiira nthawi yonse. Mapira a mphesa "Chisoni" ali ndi kukoma kodabwitsa, kuphatikizapo zonunkhira. Komanso, zamkatizo zili ndi madzi ambiri ndipo zimaphimbidwa, ngakhale zili zolimba, koma sizikumveka ngati zidya.
Zotsatira zake zikhoza kutani kuchokera ku mphesa "Chisamaliro": nthawi yokonzekera ndi kubereka
Monga tanena kale, mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mphesa "Chisoni" ikutanthauza chimodzi mwa zoyambirira. Nthawi ya nyengo yokula ya chitsamba cha mphesa imachokera masiku 90 mpaka 110, zomwe zimalola m'masiku oyambirira a August kuti ayambe kulawa ndi kusonkhanitsa mphesa zabwino. Ndiyeneranso kukumbukira kuti ndi chitsamba chachikulu ndi zokolola zambiri, zipatso zimatha kupsa pang'ono - pakati pa mwezi wa August.
Choncho, ngati kukhwima kukubwera patapita kanthawi - musathamangire kukhumudwitsidwa mu zosiyanasiyana, chifukwa mungathe kuyembekezera kukoma kwa zipatso zokongola kwambiri kwa nthawi yaitali.
Ndikoyenera kudziwa kuti zokolola zomwe zingatengedwe kuchokera ku tchire za mitundu yosiyanasiyana ndizozitali kwambiri. Izi zikufotokozedwa ndi mfundo yakuti chitsamba chimodzi chikhoza kunyamulidwa ndi maso 45, ndipo ndi kulemera kwakukulu kwa gulu limodzi lachitsamba kungakhale kolemetsa kwambiri.
Mphesa zimagwiritsidwa mwamphamvu pa mpesa, zitha kukhala popanda makhalidwe ndi katundu omwe akhalapo nthawi yayitali kumayambiriro a msinkhu.
Ubwino waukulu womwe uli ndi mphesa "Chisoni"
• Mzere wamphesa ndi nthawi yowonjezera yakucha.
Makhalidwe apamwamba a maonekedwe ndi zipatso.
• Zokwana zazikulu zokolola.
• Kokani mphesa za zosiyanazi sizikuwonetsedwa.
• Maluwawo ali ndi ziwalo zonse zogonana, mwamphamvu kwambiri mungu wochepa popanda thandizo.
• Kukoma kwabwino mphesa "Chisamaliro" kuti chiwombedwe, chomwe chiwerengero chake ndi 80%.
• Chifukwa cha mphamvu ya khungu ndi minofu ya zipatso, zokolola bwino kutengedwera pamtunda wautali. Izi zimathandizanso nthawi yosungiramo mphesa.
• Kukula kumasintha mosavuta kusintha kwa mpweya wa mpweya, zipatso sizikutha.
• Tizilombo ta minda ya mpesa, makamaka mavu, sizimakhudzidwa.
• Kufufuzidwa Kuthamanga kwakukulu kwa chitsamba cha mphesa ndi zipatso zake ku matenda obiriwira a mphesa: powdery mildew, imvi nkhungu ndi mildew.
• Kufalikira kwakukulu kwa mphesa "Chisoni" kumathandizira kukaniza kutentha kutentha. Makamaka, chitsamba popanda kuwonongeka kumapereka kutsika kwa chisanu ku chizindikiro -24ºС.
Kodi kuipa kwa mphesa "Chisoni" ndi chiyani?
Mwachibadwa, zokolola zabwino ndi khalidwe labwino kwambiri. Komabe ndi kuchuluka kwa zokolola, khalidwe lake likhoza kuvutika kwambiri: kukula kwa masango onse awiri ndi zipatso zidzachepa. Pachifukwa ichi, mphesa zotengeka zimafuna kuyanjana kwa zokolola, zomwe zimachitika pambuyo pa maluwa.
Komanso, ngakhale kulimbana ndi chisanu, chitsamba chimafuna kuti zikhale m'nyengo yozizira. Ndipotu, zoona zake n'zakuti pamadzi otentha, chinyezi cha mpesa chimasanduka, chomwe chimakhudza kwambiri chitsamba chonsecho. Pakati pa kasupe, mphesa zoterezi zimakhala zowawa kwambiri ndipo sizidzatha kusangalatsa zipatso zambiri.
Kodi ndi chidziwikiratu chodzala mphesa "Chisamaliro": ndondomeko yowonjezera
Mitengo ya mphesa "Chisoni" ndi njira yabwino yokhalira ku nyumba yachinyumba kapena pafupi ndi kwanu. Chifukwa cha chitsamba chokula kwambiri, sichidzatumikira ngati munda wokha, koma udzakhalanso zokongoletsera za nyumba yanu. Zokolola zazikulu za mphesa izi sizidzangowonjezera zokhazokha mu zochuluka za mbewu zake, komanso kukonzekera mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya chisungidwe kuchokera kwa iye. Funso ndi momwe mungamere bwino mphesa izi. Izi zidzalongosola mwatsatanetsatane ndi dongosolo.
Timasankha malo abwino ndi nthawi yobzala mphesa zosiyanasiyana "Chisamaliro"
Mphesa za zosiyanasiyanazi sizikhala ndi zofunikira za malo, komabe, m'pofunika kuganizira zofunikira za mitundu yonse:
• Mphesa chikondi ndi zambiri zimasowa dzuwa. Chifukwa chake, chitsamba chimatha kukula bwino, ndipo zipatso zake zidzakula mofulumira. Choncho, mphesa sizingafanane ndi madera. Ndi bwino kubzala mbewuyi kumbali ya kumwera kwa chiwembu..
• Tiyeneranso kukumbukira kuti pamene maluwa angathenso kutaya zokolola zambiri ngati mbewu sichikuphimbidwa ndi mphepo ndi chimphepo. Pa chifukwa ichi, ndibwino kuti mubzala mphesa kumbuyo kwa nyumba zomwe zidzateteze tchire. Chinthu chokha chomwe chili chofunika kwambiri kuwerengera ndi mtunda wa pakati pa nyumba ndi chitsamba: sizingakhale zosakwana masentimita 70.
• Ndi bwino kusankha nthaka yothira ndi dothi lopsala la kubzala mphesa. Ngati palibe, mukhoza kukonzekera nokha, kugwiritsa ntchito feteleza kwa zaka zingapo mzere ndikulemba chiwembu chonsecho.
• Mtunda wa pakati pa tchire ndifunikanso kulingalira, chifukwa iwo akhoza kutseguka komanso kusakanikirana kwambiri. Popeza kuti mphesa "Chisoni" chiri ndi shrub yamphamvu, mtunda pakati pawo uyenera kukhala mamita 1.
• Nthawi yobzala ya mpesa ikhoza kutambasula ngakhale kuti ikhoza kuchitidwa kasupe komanso nthawi yophukira.. Pachiyambi choyamba, kubzala mphesa kumachitika kumayambiriro kwa mwezi wa April mpaka masiku oyambirira a June. Chilichonse chidzadalira mtundu wa mmera ndi njira yothandizira. Mu kugwa, nkotheka kuyamba kuyamba kubzala mphesa kuchokera theka lachiwiri la September ndipo pafupifupi mpaka yoyamba yophukira chisanu.
Njira zobzala mphesa: Kodi kusiyana ndi ubwino wa aliyense wa iwo ndi chiyani?
Kuchulukitsa mphesa "Chisoni" chingakhale m'njira zambiri:
• Kuphatikizira zipatso kumtengo wa mpesa wina.
• Kudzala mbande pazokha.
• Ndi matepi.
N'zachidziwikire kuti mukakhala mukubzala mphesa kwa nthawi yoyamba, ndiye kuti njira yokhayo ndiye kudzala mothandizidwa ndi mmera. Pachifukwa ichi, simungayese kuwona zochitika kapena matenda aliwonse mu chitsamba chatsopano chimene katundu wakale wavutika. Kuwonjezera pamenepo, kuchulukitsa kwa mbeu kumakhala pafupifupi 100%, popeza kuti kale kubzala kuli ndi mizu yake, yomwe imangokhalira kukwaniritsa zofunikira za nthaka yatsopano.
Inde, mwayi wapadera wokonkhanitsa mphesa mitundu kumsika pambuyo pochotsa chitsamba chakale ndi kuti pakali pano chitsambachi chidzakhala ndi mizu yabwino kwambiri. Koma rooting cuttings pa katundu sikuti zimachitika mwamtundu. Zidzakhala kuti timadontho timangowuma mumasitolo, ngakhale kuti zotsatirazi zingathe kutetezedwa ndipo tidzakambirana za pansipa.
Ndi matepi, "Chisoni" mphesa amachulukitsa ngati muli ndi shrub ya zosiyanasiyana pena paliponse. Kenaka mphukira yabwino kwambiri ndi yaitali imasankhidwa pa iyo, ikulimbikitsana ndi nthaka ndipo imadzazidwa mwamphamvu kwambiri. Patapita kanthawi, mphukirayi imakhala mizu ndi kumera ngati shrub. Kenaka kudzatha kuthetsa kuthawa kukugwirizanitsa ndi chitsamba cha makolo ndikuchiika pamalo atsopano.
Zomwe zimabzala mphesa "Chisoni": magawo a ntchito
Choyamba, ngakhale kugula kwa sapling, kuli kofunika kukonzekera dzenje kuti libzala.
Mitengo yambiri ya feteleza iyenera kuikidwa m'menje, yomwe imayenera kusesa bwino mbeu isanakwane.
Potero, kukonzekera kwa dzenje kuti kubzala kwadulidwe kuyenera kuchitika pafupi ndi masabata 2-3, ndi kubzala m'chaka - ngakhale m'dzinja. Koma feteleza yokhayo idzakhala chitsimikizo cha zakudya kwa mpesa wachinyamata, umene umayambira kukula kwake popanda kukhalapo kwa mizu yotukuka, "kuchotsa". Chombo chiyenera kukonzedwa motere:
• Kuzama kwa dzenje kuyenera kukhala osachepera 0,8 mamita ndi kukula kwake.
• Pansi pake, poyamba, pafupifupi masentimita asanu ndi asanu (5 cm) lachitsulo chimathiridwa.
• Zentimita 10 za nthaka yachonde imatsanuliridwa pazitsulo, ndi pamwamba pazomwezi - pafupifupi 2 ndowa za humus.
• Lembani ndi chingwe chimodzi chokha cha nthaka yachonde ndikudonthetsa feteleza zathu.
• Kuwonjezera pa humus, feteleza amchere akhoza kuwonjezeredwa kudzenje: potaziyamu ndi phosphates.
• Kuteteza kuti mizu iwononge fetereza zambiri, iyenera kudzazidwa ndi dothi lina.
Kuwonjezera apo tikudikirira kutsika kwa nthaka ndipo timakonzekera sapling. Njira yoyamba ndiyo kufufuza mizu yake ndikuitumiza m'madzi masiku angapo. Ngati mutagula mbewu yobiriwira mu galasi, ikhoza kubzalidwa pamodzi ndi nthaka yomwe idabzalidwa. Chinthu chokha chomwe chidzafunika kuti chikhale bwino kwambiri.
Pambuyo pa zonsezi, timayika mmenje ndikuika maliro mosamala. Ndizotheka ngakhale mkati mwa njirayi kutsanulira chidebe cha madzi mu dzenje, chomwe chidzagwirizanitsa nthaka ndi kusasiya mipata ndi mpweya. Nkofunika kuti khosi lazu lisalowe pansi pa nthaka. Pafupi ndi sapling, kumbali ya kumpoto, thandizo lolimba limakumbidwa.
Malamulo ophatikizako "Kukumana" kumtengo wa chitsamba china cha mphesa
Kuphatikizira mphesa amafunika kusankha kwambiri zipangizo zamakono. Izi zimakhudza kudula ndi katundu. Phesi iyenera kukhala yatsopano kapena yosungidwa kuyambira nthawi ya autumn. Ndikofunika kuti iye akhale ndi maso 2-3 ndi odulidwa. Chifukwa cha kukhazikika kwake ndi kupulumuka, ili ndi parafini.
Chifukwa cha izi, mpaka nthawi imene phesi imayamba mizu, siidzakhala ndi chinyezi. Gawo lochepa la kudula liyenera kudulidwa ndi khola kuti likhale loyanjana kwambiri ndi katunduyo ngati n'kotheka. Komanso, mbali yokonzedweratu imayikidwa pamaso pa inoculation tsiku limodzi m'madzi. Amathandiza chithandizo cha cuttings kukondweretsa mapangidwe mizu njira ("Humate").
Kukonzekera kwa katundu kumachotsa kuchotsa chitsamba chakale ndikuyeretsa malo odulidwa. Pamwamba pa katundu ayenera kukhala bwino komanso yosalala bwino. Pambuyo pake, kupatukana kwabwino kumapangidwa pakati, pomwe kudula kwake kumayikidwa. Malo opatsirana katemera amamangiriridwa mwamphamvu ndi lamba kapena nsalu. Komanso, kugwiritsa ntchito dongo, komwe kumawotchedwa ndi malo ophatikizidwa, kumathandiza kuwombera kudula.
Kumapeto kwa ntchitoyi, katunduyo amathiridwa mosamala kwambiri. Nthaka pozungulira iye iyenera kuti iwonongeke. Kuphimba mphesa amafunikanso chithandizo, chomwe chimamangidwa panthawi yobzala.
Kodi malamulo oti asamalire mphesa "Chisoni" muyenera kudziwa chiyani?
Choyamba, muyenera kudziwa kuti mphesa zimakonda kumwa madzi. Amafunika kuti zikhale bwino kukula kwa chitsamba ndikukonzekera bwino. Choncho, pakuyamba kwa maso pa mpesa, isanayambe maluwa komanso pakapanga mapeyala pa masango, chitsamba chiyenera kuthiriridwa. Pa nthawi ya chilala, musaiwale za mphesa. Komanso, pambuyo kuthirira mphesa imakhala yochuluka: kuzungulira thunthu imakhala 3 cm wosanjikiza wa utuchi kapena moss (nthawi zambiri amagwiritsa ntchito humus kapena kompositi). Mulch ndi gawo la kudyetsa mphesa, ngakhale kuti sikoyenera kukhala kokha kwa izo, makamaka pa nthaka yosakwanira. Onetsetsani, kamodzi pachaka, muyenera kupanga humus pansi pa nthaka kukumba. Komanso, mphesa zimayankha bwino feteleza ndi feteleza phosphate-potaziyamu.
Kupititsa patsogolo zokolola, tchire la mitundu yonse ya mphesa imalimbikitsidwa kuti ikhale yodulidwa nthawi zonse. Shrub yamphamvu "Chisamaliro" imadulidwa ndi maso a 6-8, ngakhale kuti mphesa zapamwamba kwambiri ndi kukula zingakhoze kupezedwa mwa kudula maso awiri okha. Mapangidwe apamwamba a mawonekedwe a chitsamba - fan.
Kuphimba chitsamba m'nyengo yozizira sikungowonjezereka, komanso nkofunikira kuti uchite bwino. Achinyamata osati kukula kwakukulu tchire timadzaza ndi mchenga. Pofuna kuteteza kuwonongeka, mungagwiritse ntchito chidebe chachikulu popanda pansi, chomwe chimayikidwa pamwamba pa mchenga kapena kudula. Komanso, mapangidwe amenewa amadzazidwa ndi mchenga. Mtengo woterewu uyenera kukhala masentimita 10 pamwamba kuposa pamwamba pa sapling. Mutha kulilimbitsa ndi matabwa kapena nthambi. Zitsamba zazikulu zibiseni m'makonzedwe opangidwa kuchokera mu filimuyi.
Ngakhale zabwino kukana mphesa "Chisoni" ku matenda osiyanasiyana, m'pofunika kuchita zoteteza kupopera mbewu mankhwala. Nthaŵi yabwino ya izi ikugwirizana ndi nthawi ya kuthirira mpesa. Kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa ntchito herbicidal kukonzekera.
N'zosangalatsanso kuwerenga za m'dzinja chisamaliro cha mphesa.
