Matenda a Peyala ndi Tizilombo: Kupewa ndi Kuwongolera

Mapeyala nthawi zambiri amatenga matenda ndi tizilombo. Kuti athane ndi mavuto amenewa, wosamalira mundawo ayenera kudziwa zizindikiro za matenda oyambitsidwa, mawonekedwe a tizirombo, zotsatira za kuukira kwawo. Komanso kudziwa za kupewa ndi njira zothanirana ndi mavutowa ndikofunikira.

Matenda a Peyala: Kufotokozera, Kupewa ndi Chithandizo

Kwakukulu, wosamalira mundawo azichotsa mavuto omwe amakhalapo ndi matenda a peyala komanso tizirombo tating'onoting'ono ngati atakhala mokhazikika komanso mwanjira zodziletsa.

Gome: Kuteteza Peyala ya Peyala

Fungicides - mankhwala othana ndi matenda oyamba ndi tizomera.

Tizilombo toyambitsa matenda ndi mankhwala othandizira tizirombo toyambitsa matenda.

Ma acaricides ndi mankhwala olamulira nkhupakupa.

Mankhwala ophera tizilombo ndi dzina lodziwika bwino la mankhwalawa.

Seporia

Matenda a fungal ali ndi dzina lachiwiri - kuyera kwamtundu wa peyala. Nthawi zambiri imayamba kutulutsa maluwa m'miyala ndi zipatso. Pofika pakati pa chilimwe, mikhalidwe yotentha kwambiri, matendawa amafika pamtunda. Pofika nthawi imeneyi, kukula kwa mawanga kumawonjezeka kukhala mamilimita awiri, nthawi zina - mpaka mamilimita anayi. Kujambula mawanga sikowoneka bwino, kumakhala ndi mtundu wa bulauni kapena bulauni. Masamba amatembenukira chikasu ndikuwuma, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti azisala msanga. Zotsatira zake, kukula kumafooka, kuuma kwa mtengo nthawi yozizira kumachepa, zipatso zake zimachepa ndipo zipatso zimachepa. Spungal spores nthawi zambiri amasungidwa masamba agwa, chifukwa chake amayenera kusonkhanitsidwa ndikuwotchedwa.

Dzina lachiwiri la Seploria ndi kuwona kwamphaka.

Ngati zizindikiro za septoria zapezeka, fungicides amathandizidwa. Mutha kugwiritsa ntchito Chorus yodziwika komanso yoyesedwa, yomwe ndi mankhwala achilengedwe. Izi zikutanthauza kuti chinthu chake cholowa chimalowa mu chomera ndipo patatha maola awiri awiri ndizosatheka kuchitsuka. Mankhwalawa akupitiliza kuchitika kwa masiku 7-10, pambuyo pake mankhwalawa amabwerezedwa. Mu nyengo imodzi yokha, mutha kuchitira mitundu itatu chithandizo. Kupitilira apo, chifukwa cha kukopa kwa bowa kwa mankhwalawa, kuthandizira kwake kwa mankhwalawa kumachepetsedwa kwambiri. Chorus imagwira bwino kwambiri kutentha + kuyambira +3 ° C mpaka +22 ° C. Pakupopera mapeyala, magalamu awiri a mankhwalawa amadzidulira mu malita 10 a madzi. Osati phytotoxic, yotetezeka ku njuchi. Nthawi yodikirira kudya zipatso ndi masiku 14. Mankhwalawa amagwira polimbana ndi matenda angapo a mafangasi, kuphatikizaponso nkhanambo, matenda a m'mimba, kuwola, kuwonera, dzimbiri, zina. Zoyipa za mankhwalawa ndikuti zimagwira kokha masamba ndi mphukira. Imalowa m'mavuto owonongera, omwe amachepetsa kugwiritsa ntchito.

Fodya wa fungus amagwira ntchito yolimbana ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda ambiri

Chithandizo china chogwira mtima ndi Skor. Ndi mankhwala achilengedwe omwe ali ndi mawonekedwe owoneka ambiri, omwe angagwiritsidwe ntchito pazigawo zilizonse za chitukuko cha peyala. Imagwiranso ntchito poyambira matenda - pasanadutse masiku awiri atayamba kumeza fungal spores. Imayamba kugwira ntchito patangodutsa maola awiri ndi awiri kuchokera ku chithandizo ndipo imasunga njira yotsatirira masiku 6-7. Njira yothetsera chithandizo cha peyala imachitika musanayambe kugwiritsidwa ntchito, pogwiritsa ntchito magalamu awiri a mankhwalawa pa malita 10 a madzi. Zothandiza kwambiri kutentha kwa 14-25 ° C. Kudikirira ndi masiku 20. Osati poizoni kwa anthu. Chiwerengero cha chithandizo ndi 3.

Khungu - yotakata-sipamu yamankhwala

Chithandizo chogwira mtima kwambiri ndi Strobi (Kresoxim-methyl). Zochita zake ndi zadongosolo. Imangoletsa msanga kukula kwa matendawa, komanso imalepheretsa kufalikira kwa fungus. Izi zimathandizira kuti mankhwalawa agwiritsidwe ntchito pang'onopang'ono chitukuko cha matenda ndikulepheretsa kufalitsa kwa pathogen. Kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu yoteteza kumatenga milungu iwiri, ovulala kwambiri - sabata limodzi. Momwemonso momwe mumakonzekerera kale yankho, tengani magawo awiri a mikoko pa 10 malita a madzi. Zosavulaza anthu, zopanda vuto kwa njuchi. Kudikirira ndi masiku 20. Chiwerengero cha chithandizo ndi 3.

Strobi ndi imodzi mwamankhwala othandiza kwambiri kuthana ndi fungal.

Khansa yakuda

Matenda a fungus, omwe amakhudza mapeyala ndi mitengo ya maapulo. Zingakhudze masamba ndi zipatso. Nthawi zambiri kumayamba kuwoneka mawanga ofiira, omwe pakapita nthawi amakhala okhumudwa. Kenako zipatso zimasanduka zakuda, khwinya ndikusokosera. Komabe, mafangayi amakhudza khungwa la mtengowu ndipo chiwonetserochi chimakhala choopsa kwambiri. Pambuyo popuma nyengo yachisanu mu ming'alu ndi kukwiya kwa kotekisiyo, ma spores amakula, ndipo mawanga amtundu wa bulauni-violet amawonekera pachithunzi. Kenako mawanga amakula m'mphete zowongoka. Zitachitika izi, madera omwe akukhudzidwawo amakula ndi kuda, nthambi zimakhala ngati zimayatsidwa, ndipo timabowo tambiri timayikidwe timiyala yakuda. Awa ndi omwe amatchedwa ma pycnids, mkati mwake momwe mumakhala timabala ta bowa.

Pycnidia, pycnidia (wa ku Greek wina. Πυκνός - wandiweyani, wandiweyani) - thupi lowala bwino lomwe limayambitsa bowa, lomwe limapezeka mu dzimbiri ndi marsupials, komanso lichens.

Wikipedia

//ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/Piknida

Khungwa limayamba kukula, chotupa ndikukula ndikuyatsa nthambi kapena thunthu. Pakadali pano, mtengowo sukupulumutsidwanso ndikuwonongeka. Ngati matendawa adapezeka koyambirira, amathandizidwa ndikutsuka makungwa ndi matanda ndikulanda mbali zathanzi. Kenako bala limathandizidwa ndi fungicides ndikuphimbidwa ndi mitundu yaminda kapena mafuta oyanika achilengedwe. Omwe alimi ena pochiza khansa yakuda amalimbikitsa kugwiritsa ntchito yankho la mkuwa naphthenate (magawo 20) palafini (magawo 80). Chithandizo chogwira mtima kwambiri ndi Strobi, chomwe chimatha kusinthidwa ndi Horus.

M'malo ogonjetsedwa ndi khansa yakuda, kotekisiyo imakhala yambiri, chotupa chimakula ndikuwoneka nthambi kapena thunthu

Scab

Matendawa amafala kwambiri kumadera okhala ndi nyengo yanyontho, komanso kumadera ena kwamvula. Kutentha kwabwino kwambiri kwa bowa ndi +25 ° C. Nthawi zabwino, kuwonongeka kwa mitengo kumafika 100%. Spores ya pathogen yozizira mumagulu a makungwa ndi masamba adagwa. Matendawa nthawi zambiri amayambika nthawi ya masika pomwe mawanga a bulauni ndi azitona amapezeka kumapeto kwa masamba. Mtsogolomo, mawanga amakula, kuda ndi kufalikira kwa maluwa, mazira, zipatso. Malo owala a Putrid ndi ming'alu amawoneka pa zipatso zomwe zakhudzidwa, mnofu pansi pawo umakhala wolimba, wolimba. Mutha kuthana ndi nkhanu m'munda mwakuchita ntchito yoteteza pogwiritsa ntchito fungicides, komanso mitundu yamakulidwe omwe amalimbana ndi matendawa. Ena mwa iwo: Marble, Lada, Chizhovskaya, Moscow, Moskvichka, Severyanka, Thumbelina, Veles ndi ena. Njira zowongolera nkhanambo ndi mankhwala omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito ndizofanana ndi zomwe zimachitika ndi Septoria.

Malo owala a Putrid ndi ming'alu amawoneka pa zipatso zomwe zakhudzidwa, mnofu pansi pawo umakhala wolimba, wolimba

Amawoneka malalanje pamasamba a peyala

Mwambiri, peyalayo imakhudzidwa ndi dzimbiri. Matendawa amayambitsidwa ndi bowa yemwe amakula ndikukula pa tchire la juniper. Imakhala ndi moyo wazaka ziwiri. M'chaka choyamba, matendawa amapita patsogolo pa juniper, ndikupanga kutupa ndi kuthyoka nthambi. Chapakatikati, spores imanyamulidwa ndi mphepo ndipo, ikagwera pa peyala, nthendayo imayikhudza. Chotsatira cham'mawa, zinzake za peyala zimagwera pa juniper ndipo kuzungulira kumabwereza.

Pa peyala, matendawa amadziwoneka okha mu masika atangobereka maluwa. Masamba amaphimbidwa ndi timiyala ting'onoting'ono ta chikasu, pomwe pakati pa chilimwe timayamba kukhala ndi "dzimbiri". Nthaka zamkhungu zophukira zimapangidwa kunsi kwa tsamba, mkati mwake momwe mumakhala timera.

Pofika pakati pa chilimwe, mawanga amakhala "osalala".

Madera omwe dzimbiri limachitika kwambiri ndi dera la Black Sea la Krasnodar Territory ndi Crimea. Apa kugonjetsedwa mu zaka zina kukufika 50-100%.

Ndizodziwikiratu kuti mukamakula mapeyala ndibwino kupeŵa oyandikana nawo ndi mlombwa. Koma, popeza ndimtengo wokongoletsera wamba, kuwona izi sizotheka nthawi zonse. Chifukwa chake, pazinthu zotere, kukonza makonzedwe kuyenera kuchitidwa mosamala osati pa peyala, komanso pa juniper.

Ngati zizindikiro za matenda zapezeka, kupopera mankhwalawa korona ndi fungicides kuyenera kuchitika pakadutsa masiku 7-10. Zothandiza kwambiri nthawi yomweyo Skor, Strobi, Abiga-Peak. Yotsirizirayi ndi yankho la 40% yankho la mkuwa wa oxychloride ndipo imagwiranso ntchito pothana ndi matenda ambiri a fungus - dzimbiri, moniliosis, nkhanambo, mawanga, ndi zina zotere. Ngozi yotsika ya njuchi ndi ma finya, sizikhudza nthaka, komanso kukoma kwa chipatso. Pakupopera madzi malita 10 amathera 40-50 magalamu a mankhwalawa. Kutalika kwa mankhwalawa ndi masabata awiri ndi atatu. Mutha kugwiritsa ntchito njira zinayi zochiritsira panthawi imodzi.

Abiga Peak imagwira mtima polimbana ndi matenda ambiri a fungus

Kanema: kayendedwe ka dzimbiri pama masamba a peyala

Masamba ndi zipatso zimasanduka zakuda: zoyambitsa ndi njira zowongolera

Kuchita khungu kumayamba chifukwa cha zifukwa zingapo.

Moniliosis (moto woyaka)

Spus za fungus iyi nthawi zambiri zimanyamulidwa ndi njuchi nthawi yamaluwa a peyala. Kuyambitsa kukula m'maluwa, bowa umalowa kudzera pistle kupita mu mphukira, kenako masamba. Ziwalo zomwe zakhudzidwa ndi peyalazi zimazimiririka, kenako zimachita khungu ndikuwoneka ngati kuti zawotchedwa. Mphukira zotere ziyenera kudulidwa pomwepo ndi chidutswa cha mtengo wathanzi kuti aletse matenda. Ndipo, moyenera, chizolowezi chamankhwala othandizira chikuyenera kuchitika. Chithandizo choyamba chitha kuchitika mukangotsitsa mbali za mtengo. Ngati maluwa sanathebe panthawiyi, gwiritsani ntchito Horus, yomwe singavulaze njuchi. Mankhwala ena awiri amachitidwa ndi masiku 7-10. Mutha kugwiritsa ntchito Strobi, Skor, Abiga Peak.

Ndi moniliosis, masamba ndi mphukira zimawoneka zotenthedwa

M'chilimwe, moniliosis imayambitsa zipatso ndi imvi (zipatso) zowola. Zipatso zomwe zimakhudzidwa, masamba, mphukira zimachotsedwa ndikuwonongeka, pambuyo pake zimachita chithandizo cha 2-3 ndi Strobi fungicide. Komanso posachedwa, Fitosporin-M wakubadwa kwachilengedwe, yemwe amakhala ndi mabakiteriya okhala ndi tulo tomwe ali m'tulo, akuyamba kutchuka. Vutoli likanyowa, mabakiteriya amayamba kugwira ntchito ndikuyamba kudyetsa. Zotsatira zake, kukula ndi kubereka kwa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda ndi mafinya a spores timathandizidwa. Kugwiritsa ntchito Fitosporin kumachotsa zovuta za matenda m'masiku oyamba. Muzochitika zapamwamba, umagwirira ndiofunikira. Mutha kugwiritsa ntchito zachilengedwe nthawi yonse yophukira yazomera zonse m'mundamo. Nthawi yake ndi masabata awiri, nyengo yamvula - 1 sabata. Mankhwalawa amamasulidwa mu ufa kapena mawonekedwe a phala. Mankhwala a peyala, sungunulani magalamu 5 a ufa kapena supuni zitatu za phala 10 malita a madzi. Kugwiritsa ntchito Fitosporin kumawonjezera zokolola ndipo kumawonjezera kwambiri alumali moyo wa zipatso.

Fitosporin-M - tizilombo toyambitsa matenda

Bacteria burn (bacteriosis)

Matendawa amayambitsidwa ndi kugonjetsedwa kwa bacterium ya Erwinia Amilovora ndipo imafalikira padziko lonse lapansi. Kukhazikika kwa matendawa kumadziwika ndi kufalikira kwa inflorescences komwe kumawuma, koma osagwa. Kutsatira, masamba ndi nthambi zimasanduka zakuda, kenako thunthu. Kuderako kumasunthira kumtunda kwa mtengo kupita kumunsi. Zotsatira zake, mtengo umamwalira. Ngakhale matendawa sanena za matenda oyamba ndi fungus, fungicides (makamaka Strobi), mkuwa wa sulfate ndi Bordeaux madzi ndi othandiza pakupewa. Zochizira, maantibayotiki amagwiritsidwa ntchito, kusungunula magawo chikwi chimodzi cha yogwira mu malita 10 amadzi. Mankhwalawa amatha kugwiritsidwa ntchito: gentamicin, kanamycin, streptomycin, rifampicin, chloramphenicol ndi ena. Nthambi zomwe zakhudzidwa zimachotsedwa ndikuwotchedwa.

Inflorescence omwe akhudzidwa ndi bakiteriya woyaka, thumba losunga mazira, masamba amasandulika akuda, koma osagwa

Kanema: Mankhwala a peyala oteteza bakiteriya ndi nkhanambo

Sopo bowa

Fangayi imawoneka pamasamba a peyala, monga lamulo, pambuyo povulala ndi aphid kapena ozunza. Ndi zotulutsa zawo zotsekemera (mame a uchi) omwe ndi malo osungirako bowa. Bowa wakhungu amatha kuzindikiridwa ndi kuphika kwamaso kwakuda pamasamba. Pokhala, tinthu tating'onoting'ono totere, kupukutira uku kumachotsedwa mosavuta papepala. Zipatso zomwe zimakhudzidwa zimakhala zosayenerera kudya anthu.

Zipatso za peyala zomwe zimakhudzidwa ndi bowa wa soot zimakhala zosayenera kudya

Kulimbana ndi nsabwe za m'masamba ndi ma buluku nthawi yomweyo kudzapulumutsa nyakulayo kuti asamange zisafi. Ngati chigonjetso chachitika kale, mutha kuyamba kutsuka bwino ndi madzi okwanira kuchokera pamiyeso ya soseti kuchokera pamasamba, kenako kuchitira chithandizo cha 2-3 ndi Skor kapena Strobi.

Tizilombo ta Peyala: Oyimira ndi Kuwongolera Tizilombo

Peyalayi ili ndi tizirombo tingapo tambiri. Kuti mupewe kuwukira, komanso kuchepetsa kuwonongeka, ndizotheka pokhapokha ngati njira zoteteza zomwe zatchulidwa koyambirira kwa gawo lathazi zachitika.

Momwe mungachotsere nyerere

Zokha, nyerere sizivulaza zomera, ngakhale mitundu ina imadyabe masamba ndi zipatso. Vuto lalikulu lomwe amapanga ndi nsabwe za m'masamba. M'moyo, tizilombo timeneti timasungunula madzi a shuga, m'malo mwake nyerere zimafalitsa nsabwe za m'masamba a mitengo ndi zitsamba kuti kenako zilandire. Pazifukwa izi, wina ayenera kuchotsa nyerere pamalopo.Pali njira zambiri zakwaniritsira cholinga. Zosangalatsa ndiz:

• Kuwonongeka kwa tizilombo ndi mankhwala ophera tizilombo - Diazinon, Chlorpyrifos, Antimurave ndi ena.
• Boric acid imagaya mphamvu yamanjenje ya tizilombo. Ikani nyambo mumtundu wa zidutswa za shuga zokutidwa ndi chida ichi.
• Kutsanulira madzi otentha pa anthill.
• Kuchita anthill ndi parafini.

Koma pali mitundu ingapo yazomwe anthu amachita:

• Madzulo, nyerere zikagona, ingosunthani anthillyo ndi fosholo mchidebe ndikuchichotsa pamalowo.
• Bzalani mbewu pamalowo, fungo lake lomwe limasowetsa nyerere. Mwachitsanzo, anise, chowawa, adyo, parsley, oregano, mbewa zakuthengo.
• Mutha kuwopsyeza nyerere zokutidwa ndi mafuta a palafini, carbolic acid, bulichi.
• Mutha kutsekereza njira yopita ku chisoti cha mtengo ndikukhazikitsa lamba wokasaka.
• Ngati gawo lakumunsi la thunthu la mafuta ndi mafuta a hemp, izi zitha kuyimitsanso nyerere.

Ma nsabwe

Ili pamunsi pa masamba a peyala ndipo amadya pamadzi awo. Popita nthawi, masamba amapindika kukhala chubu. Komanso nsabwe za m'masamba zimakhudza mphukira zazing'ono, maluwa ndi thumba losunga mazira. Pothamangitsa nyerere m'mundamo, wosamalira mundawo amachotsa nsabwe za m'masamba. Kuphatikiza apo, mutha kudzala pa chiwembu cha calendula. Maluwa amakopa ma ladybugs, omwe amadya nsabwe za m'masamba mosavuta.

Nsabwe za m'masamba zimakhala pamphepete mwa masamba komanso nsonga za mphukira zazing'ono

Ngati nsabwe za m'masamba zimapezeka pamasamba a peyala, yesani kudula momwe mungathere. Pambuyo pa izi, korona amayenera kuthandizidwa ndi mankhwala ophera tizilombo. Ma decis aku Germany amathana bwino ndi nsabwe za m'masamba. Imayamba kugwira ntchito mkati mwa mphindi 50 ndipo mkati mwa maola khumi mutatha kukonza, aphid itha. Imakhalabe yoteteza kwa masabata awiri. Kugwiritsa ntchito pafupifupi mitundu yonse ya tizilombo. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi iliyonse nthawi yakula, nthawi yodikira ndi milungu itatu. Malangizo a 2-3 amaloledwa.

Chithandizo china chogwira mtima ndi Fitoverm. Chachilendo chake ndi kugwira ntchito kwake mu nyengo yotentha. M'malo ozizira, ndibwino osazigwiritsa ntchito. Zowonongeka zimafalikira mpaka ku nsabwe za m'masamba, zolembera, zopondera, zophukira, masamba, mphukira ndi tizirombo tina. Imayamba pambuyo pa maola 12, mutatha kudya masamba omwe adathandizidwa ndi tizilombo. Tizilombo tofa ziwalo timafa patatha maola makumi awiri ndi awiri titadya chakudya chakupha. Sizikhudza mphutsi za tizilombo, chifukwa chake, kuti chiwonongeko chokwanira, kukonzanso mobwereza kumafunikira. Pakakonzedwa mapeyala, millilita imodzi ya Fitoverm imagwiritsidwa ntchito pa lita imodzi yamadzi.

Fitoverm wogwiritsidwa ntchito nyengo yotentha

Wopanga mankhwala Spark Mphamvu iwiriyi ndi njira yothandiza komanso yotetezeka yolimbana ndi nsabwe za m'masamba zokha, komanso ndi wadyera wamaluwa, njenjete, tsamba lamasamba, etc. Mankhwalawa siwaphytotoxic, otetezeka kwa anthu, nyama, njuchi, nsomba. Kwa malita khumi amadzi, 10 ml ya chinthucho imagwiritsidwa ntchito pokonza. Nthawi yodikirira ndi masiku 7.

Wopanga mankhwala Spark Double athari ndi njira yothandiza komanso yotetezeka yolimbana ndi nsabwe za m'masamba zokha, komanso ndi wadyera wamaluwa, njenjete, tsamba

Pali njira zambiri zotchuka zolimbana ndi nsabwe za m'masamba. Koma musanagwiritse ntchito, muyenera kudziwa kuti sakulinga, koma kuwononga tizilombo.

• Magalamu 300 a phulusa amawiritsa mu malita khumi a madzi kwa theka la ola. Musanayambe kukonza, onjezani magalamu 40 a sopo wochapa.
• Supuni ziwiri za ammonia pachidebe chilichonse cha madzi zimathandizanso.
• Pali mbewu zambiri, zomwe zimayambitsa nsabwe za m'masamba:
  • Chamomile
  • marigolds;
  • dandelions;
  • chowawa;
  • celandine;
  • yarrow;
  • anyezi;
  • adyo
  • tsabola wofiyira;
  • Tomato
  • mbatata ndi ena ambiri.
• Pofuna kuthana ndi nsabwe za m'masamba, fumbi la fodya limagwiritsidwa ntchito moyenera, lomwe limathiridwa ndi madzi muyezo wa 1 mpaka 10 ndikuumirira maola 48. Pambuyo pake, sinthani ndi madzi 1 mpaka 3 ndikuthira peyala.

Minga ya Peyala

Tizilombo tating'onoting'ono tomwe timalumpha mosapitilira mamilimita atatu m'litali kumabweretsa zovuta zambiri kwa olima m'mayiko osiyanasiyana padziko lapansi. Kutha kuwuluka ndi kudumpha. Chifukwa cha mtundu wake waposachedwa, nthawi zina amatchedwa tsamba-lamasamba. M'minda ya ku Russia, ambiri omwe ali ndi mawanga ndi ma buluu ofiira. Makamaka mawonekedwe awo amawonekera pambuyo pa nyengo yachisanu yozizira. Kukula nthawi yachisanu makungwa, komanso masamba agwa, kumayambiriro kwa kasupe, kachiromboka kamafika kumapeto kwa mphukira zazing'ono, kumadyetsa madzi awo, komanso kumatulutsa madzi kuchokera ku masamba, masamba, maluwa, masamba, mazira ndi zipatso. Zotsatira zake, masamba ndi mazira omwe akhudzidwa amagwa, zipatso zimakhala zolimba, zolimba, zazing'ono. Sitikulankhulanso za mbewu yabwino. Mphutsi zimawonekera kuchokera ku mazira omwe amaikidwa ndi tartar, omwe, akudya msuzi womwewo, amapaka chimbudzi ngati mawonekedwe a mame otchedwa uchi. Izi zimakwiyitsanso mawonekedwe a bowa wam'maso, omwe masamba ake ali ndi shuga ndi njira yabwino kwambiri yopangira michere. Zotsatira zake, masamba ndi mphukira zimamatirana, zimakhala zakuda.

Miyeso ya tinnitus ya peyala siyidutsa mamilimita atatu

Pakadali pano, mafangasi ndi mphutsi zimatha kutsukidwa ndi mtsinje wamadzi kuchokera pa payipi yopanikizika kwambiri. Pambuyo pa izi, chithandizo cha bioprotective kukonzekera monga Iskra Bio chikuyenera kutsatira. Musanafike maluwa, mutha kugwiritsa ntchito Commander wamphamvu wa mankhwala. Uwu ndi mankhwala opha nthawi yayitali olimbana ndi tizirombo tina, kuphatikiza tinnitus, ntchentche zamasamba, nsabwe, tizirombo ta peyala, agulugufe, ndipo imagwiranso ntchito polimbana ndi tizilombo mkati mwa dothi. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito kutentha kwambiri - kuyambira -3 mpaka +30 ° C, mitengo yolondola - 15-25 ° C. Mchitidwewo umayamba patatha maola awiri ndi atatu atatha kugwiritsa ntchito, ndipo kuchuluka kwa tizirombo timawonongeka tsiku limodzi. Mphamvu yodzitchinjiriza imatha milungu iwiri, mankhwalawa siwowonjezera. Pak kukonza mapeyala, sungunulani 4 ml ya mankhwalawa 10 malita a madzi.

Commander ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda wa nthawi yayitali amene amalimbana ndi tizirombo tina tosiyanasiyana.

Tinnitus ya peyala imakhala ndi adani achilengedwe - ma ladybugs, zingwe zopota, kangaude, kafadala, pansi nsikidzi. Chidwi cholusa Anthocoris nemoralis chothandiza kwambiri pakudya tsamba lamasamba. M'masitolo apadera mutha kugula tizilombo toyambitsa matenda awa m'matumba a 200 ndi 500 zidutswa. Komanso kachilombo kameneka kamawononga ntchentche za rasipiberi, nkhupakupa, mbozi, agulugufe, njenjete za mitengo, masamba a masamba, ndi zina zambiri.

Bedbug Anthocoris nemoralis amagulitsidwa m'matumba a 200 ndi 500 zidutswa.

Chikumbu cha peyala

Khungubwe kakang'ono kamabisala m'nthaka ya mitengo ikuluikulu. Ndi kutomera kwa masika, kachilomboka kamafika pamtondo ndikukula pamwamba pa korona wa ngale. Tizilombo toyamwa timadzitcha mazenera ndi kuyikira mazira mkati. Patatha sabata limodzi, mphutsi zolimba zikatuluka mwa iwo, zimadya maluwa onse mkati.

Zipatso sizimakula kuchokera pa masamba omwe akhudzidwa ndi omwe amadya maluwa

Kumayambiriro kwa kasupe, kafadala amatuta ndi dzanja. Kuti muchite izi, m'mawa kwambiri, pomwe mpweya sunatenthe pamwamba pa +5 ° C, ndipo kafadala akukhalira panthambi, ndiye kuti amagwedezeka pa nsalu isanakhazikike pansi pa mtengo. Chithandizo cha mankhwala othandizira amathandizira kuthetsa vutoli kwathunthu. Munthawi yamaluwa isanayambe, mutha kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala opindulitsa a Fufanon, momwe amayamba ola limodzi mutatha kugwiritsa ntchito, ndipo kafadala amamwalira tsiku limodzi. Mphamvu yoteteza mankhwalawa imatha masiku 10-15. 10 ml ya Fufanon amawadyedwa pa 10 malita a madzi. Kufikirana kwazitetezedwe kotetezedwa ndikotheka patatha masiku khumi kuyambira tsiku la chithandizo. Pambuyo maluwa, mankhwalawa amayenera kubwerezedwa.

Fufanon adzagwira ntchito yabwino kwambiri ndi kachilomboka kakang'ono kwambiri osati kokha

Nthenga za peyala

Ndi tizilombo toopsa tambiri, timene timapezeka m'minda yopezeka chinyezi. Nthawi zambiri amapezeka ku Crimea, Caucasus, Stavropol ndi Krasnodar Territories. Tizilombo touluka 5-6 mm kutalika. Kuuluka kwawo kumayenderana pakapita nthawi ndi kukhazikika kwa masamba a peyala ndipo kumatenga sabata imodzi kapena ziwiri. Akakhwima, yaikazi imakumba m'munsi mwa duwa ndikudziikira dzira limodzi pamalo aliwonse. Pakupita milungu iwiri, mphutsi zimatuluka mumazira, omwe amadya nthangala za zipatso zazing'ono. Kenako pitirirani ina. Kwa masabata atatu, mphutsi zilizonse zimatha kuwononga zipatso 3-4. Zipatso zowonongeka zimadetsedwa ndikugwa. Kenako mphutsi zimachoka m'nthaka, pomwe zimakhazikika pakadutsa mainchesi 10.

Nthenga za peyala - chachikazi ndi mphutsi

Vutoli limatha kupewedwa ndi kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa masiku 66 musanayambe maluwa ndi kukonzekera kwa organophosphorous, mwachitsanzo, Metaphos. Ndiwothandizira ndi osiyanasiyana. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito kuwononga njenjete, nsabwe za m'masamba, nkhupakupa, mavuu, ma saw, ndi zina zambiri. 10 ml ya Metaphos amawonjezeredwa ndi 10 malita a madzi ndipo peyala imalawa m'mawa kwambiri kapena dzuwa litalowa. Pa masiku otentha, chithandizo sichikuchitika. Kubwezeretsanso kuyenera kuchitika mutangotulutsa maluwa, ndipo chachitatu pambuyo pa sabata ina. Kudikirira ndi masiku 30.

Njenjete

Tizilombo timeneti timavulaza mitundu yoyambirira ya peyala. Masamba mu cocoon m'nthaka. Kuchoka kwa agulugufe malinga ndi dera kumachitika kuyambira koyambirira mpaka kumapeto kwa mwezi wa June. Izi zimachitika pafupifupi mwezi patatha maluwa. Ntchito ya tizilombo ndiyabwino kwambiri nthawi yamadzulo masana mpaka mumdima wathunthu. Pakupita masiku 30 mpaka 40, wamkazi amayikira mazira pakati ndi nthambi zapamwamba za peyala. Pakatha pafupifupi sabata, mphutsi zimatuluka. Nthawi yomweyo ma buluzi amaluma mnofu wa mwana wosabadwa ndi kulowa m'chipinda cha mbewu. Kubzala nyemba, ndikudzaza m'chipindacho ndi chimbudzi. Pambuyo masabata 3-4, siyani mwana wosabadwayo ndikukakhazikika nthawi yozizira. Kukumba kapena kulima dothi, ndikutsatira chithandizo chamankhwala a sulfate yamkuwa, Bordeaux osakaniza, kapena herbicides amphamvu, monga tafotokozera pamwambapa, amathandizira kupewa. Pa kuthawa kwa agulugufe ndi kumayikira mazira, ma spout a 2-3 omwe ali ndi tizirombo timachitika - Decis, Fufanon, Fitoverm, etc. Ndi mbozi zomwe zalowa mwana wosabadwa, mwatsoka, ndizosatheka kumenya nkhondo.

Ndi njenjete za peyala ya gulugufe, kulimbana kumayambira kumapeto

Khrushchev

Ili ndiye dzina la mphutsi zamtundu wosiyanasiyana ndi mavuvu, omwe amawoneka kuchokera mazira omwe adayikidwa m'nthaka. Chodziwika bwino: kachilomboka ka Meyi, kachilomboka ka Epulo, mavuvu, peyala ndi maluwa achilomboka. Makulidwe amitundu yosiyanasiyana ali m'malo osiyanasiyana 4 mamilimita. Monga lamulo, amawonekera mu theka loyambirira la June. Amadya pamizu yomera ndipo mitengo yaying'ono imatha kuvulaza kwambiri. Khrushchev amakhala pafupifupi mwezi umodzi, kenako anagonana. Diazinon ndi mankhwala othandiza kuthana ndi khrushchah. M'dothi logwiriridwa ndi ilo, limagwirabe ntchito kwa masabata atatu, lomwe ndilokwanira kuwononga tizilombo tambiri. Samadzikundikira m'dothi ndi zipatso.

Ziphuphu zimawononga mizu ya mbewu zazing'ono

Kuphatikiza apo, ndizotheka kumenyana ndi Khrushchev pokonzekera misampha yawo. Pachifukwa ichi, mulu wawung'ono wa kompositi umathiridwa pafupi ndi mapeyala, madzi ndi madzi ndipo wokutidwa ndi filimu yakuda kapena slate. Pakapita kanthawi, Khrushchev ayamba kusamukira kumikhalidwe yomwe amakhala yabwino, pambuyo pake amangoisonkhanitsa ndikuwonongeka.

Mafunso Ofunsidwa Kawirikawiri

Mukukula kwa mapeyala, wamaluwa amakumana ndi mavuto osiyanasiyana.

Peyala siphula ndipo silabala zipatso: zoyambitsa ndi njira zolimbirana

Ngati peyala singakhale pachimake, ndipo osabala zipatso, pakhoza kukhala zifukwa zingapo:

• Mitundu yosankhidwa yosabzala. Pankhaniyi, zipatso zingachedwe kwa zaka zingapo, ndipo vuto lalikulu, sizichitika konse.
• Zinthu zodzala bwino kwambiri zidagulidwa. M'magawo onse awiri, ndizotheka kuvomereza kugulidwa kwa mbande zokhazokha mu malo odyera osankhidwa ndikusankha mitundu yosankhidwa kuti ikule.
• Zoyambira zazikulu pakusankha malo oti zikagwere sizikwaniritsidwa:
  • Mbewu imabzala pamthunzi.
  • Madzi osefukira ndi madzi nthaka, chifukwa chomwe mizu ndi chitsa zimatenthetsedwa.
  • Mphepo zozizirira zakum'mawa zimawononga maluwa ngakhale maluwa asanakhale.
• Kusamalira bwino zomera ndikusowa chinyezi komanso chakudya.
• Kuwonongeka kwa maluwa ndi tizirombo - kachilomboka, peyala.

M'nthawi zonsezi, titha kukupangirani kuti musunge kwambiri malamulo oyambira kubzala ndi kusamalira peyala, ndikugwira ntchito yoletsa kupewa tizirombo ndi matenda.

Chifukwa chiyani mapeyala amawola pamtengo

Matenda oyamba ndi mafangasi - moniliosis, nkhanambo, bacteriosis amayambitsa kuola kwa mapeyala pamtengo. Zotsatira zake, zipatso zomwe zimakhudzidwa ndi zowola za njenjete.

Malangizo a nthambi za peyala youma: zoyambitsa ndi njira zovuta

Sikovuta kudziwa chomwe chayambitsa izi. Kuti muchite izi, lingalirani zosankha zomwe zingatheke ndikupeza yankho pogwiritsa ntchito njira yodzipatula.

• Kutenthetsa kwa mizu ndi tsinde chifukwa chakubwera kwapafupi ndi nthaka.
• Kukwanira kosakwanira.
• Kuzizira chifukwa chamayeso obwerera.
• Bacteria watentha.
• Zomera ndi tizirombo: kachilomboka, peyala, tinnitus.
• Moniliosis.
• Kuwonongeka kwa mizu ndi timadontho-timadontho, chimbalangondo, khrushchev.

Njira zothanirana ndi vutoli zimatengera zomwe zimayambitsa.

Chifukwa chiyani peyala imabala zipatso zazing'ono zovuta

Zodabwitsazi zimatha kukhala chizindikiro cha matenda: nkhanambo, khansa yakuda, bacteriosis. Komanso ndi kuthekera kwakukulu ndikutheka kudziwa zotupa ndi peyala tinnitus.

Zoyenera kuchita ndi masamba owundana a peyala masika

Kudulira kwa nguluwe kwa peyala yotseka ndi yankho la funso ili. Nthambi zonse zouma, zodwala, zodwala, zimadulidwa pansi pogwiritsa ntchito “mphete”. Pambuyo pake, malo odulawo amayeretsedwa ndi mpeni wokutidwa ndi wokutidwa ndi wosanjikiza m'munda var.

Nthambi zouma zodulidwa mchaka "mphete"

Masamba a peyala

Zomwe zimamera pamasamba, monga lamulo, ndizosungiramo fungus spores. Mwambiri, ichi ndiye dzimbiri la peyala lomwe tafotokozazi.

Khungwa losweka pa peyala

Nthawi zambiri, ming'alu yamakungwa imawoneka nthawi yachisanu chifukwa cha chisanu. Izi zitha kuchitika pokhapokha ngati pali mitengo yokhayokha pomwe pali nthambi zomata. Patsiku lotentha kwambiri, kusiyana kwa matenthedwe pamtunda ndi kotentha kwa thunthu kumakwaniritsidwa kwambiri. Zotsatira zake, ming'alu imawonekera pamalire a madera awa.

Chifukwa china chomwe chingachitike ndi kuswedwa mitengo kwa mitengo. Zimachitika kuti pang'ono ndimatsukidwa ndimvula ndipo mitsinje imakhalabe pamtengo. Zingwe zoyera zimayimira kuwala kwa dzuwa ndipo kutumphuka pansi pawo kumazizirabe. Nthawi yomweyo, mikwingwirima yakuda yokhala ndi zovala zopukutira zimatentha kwambiri. Zotsatira zakusiyana kwa kutentha, ming'alu imachitika.

Popewa tsoka lotere kugwa, muyenera kuthana ndi mitengo ndikugwiritsa ntchito zida zapamwamba zokha. Mutha kuwonjezera guluu wa PVA ndi bulayeti ya laimu, yomwe ingapewe kutsuka.

Ming'alu ikawoneka, imadulidwa kukhala nkhuni zaumoyo, ndikuthiridwa ndi 3% yankho lamkuwa la sulfate ndikuphimbidwa ndi wosanjikiza wamunda wa var.

Peyala singatchulidwe kuti ndi chikhalidwe chosasangalatsa, koma imakhala ndi matenda komanso tizilombo toyambitsa matenda nthawi zambiri kuposa mbewu zina. Kuthana ndi njira zosavuta komanso zopatula nthawi komanso njira zotetezera kumathandizira wosamalira dimba kuthana ndi mavuto omwe angakhalepo.