Primroses ndi maluwa omwe amalimi ambiri amawakonda. Pali mitundu 500 ya mbewu izi. Iliyonse ya izo imakhala ndi machitidwe amusamalira ndi kubereka. Kubwezeretsedwa kwa primrose ndikotheka m'njira zingapo. Nkhaniyi ikufotokoza momwe kukula primrose m'njira zosiyanasiyana.
Zomwe zimawoneka komanso za banja lawo
Primrose ali ndi dzina losiyana - primrose. Ndi osatha ndipo ndi a mtundu woyambira. Mu vivo amakula kumpoto kwa Africa, ku Central Asia, Europe ndi Middle East.
Duwa lomwe lifunsidwa limaphatikizapo mitundu 500. Komabe, mu vivo, mutha kupeza zolengedwa zomwe sizinafotokozedwebe.
Rosette yamizu imaphatikizapo masamba omwe akhoza kutulutsa kapena kusavuta. Maonekedwe ake ndi ozungulira-oval lanceolate. Masamba amatha kukhala owoneka bwino komanso osakondera. Masamba onyansa komanso achikopa amapezekanso. Zotsirizirazi ndizowonda kwambiri. Amakhala obiriwira ndi tint imvi.
Primrose ali ndi mitundu pafupifupi mazana asanu
Ma piligine ngotalika. Palibe masamba pa iwo. Pali mitundu yonse yomwe ili ndi maluwa amodzi komanso ma inflorescence onse. Maonekedwe a maluwa ndi osiyana kwambiri: mawonekedwe a mpira, maambulera, piramidi, belu. Palinso zojambulira ndi mapilo. Maluwawo amakhala ndi tinthu tating'onoting'ono tokhala ngati miyendo. Pali mitundu yonse ya pachaka komanso yosatha.
Zofunika! Primrose imatha kuwonetsedwa m malo mchipinda.
Mitundu wamba
Mitundu yonse ya primrose imagawidwa m'magawo 30. Mitundu ndi mitundu ndi mitundu yotchuka:
Zofala
Chimakula pakati komanso kumwera kwa Europe. Malo ogawikiramo: m'mphepete mwa nkhalango, mitengo ya mapiri. Chingwe chake ndi chachifupi chokhala ndi mizu yolimba yomwe imawoneka ngati masheya. Lanceolate masamba 25 masentimita, m'lifupi - masentimita 6. Makulidwe amtundu wa m'mimba amatha kuchoka pa 6 mpaka 20 cm. Mitundu ya petals ndi yotakata, yogawika magawo awiri. Maluwa amayamba mu Marichi. Nthawi zina zimaphukiranso mu Seputembala.
Zosiyanasiyana zamtundu wamba:
- Virginia: maluwa oyera okhala ndi pharynx wachikasu;
- White ya Giga: maluwa oyera;
- Tserulea: Maluwa amtundu wabuluu wachikasu.
Mawonekedwe wamba
Pamwamba
Kuchokera ku Carpathians ndi Kumwera ndi Kumpoto kwa Western Europe. Masamba amakhala owongoka bwino pomwe ali ndi malire olowera. Kutalika kwa masamba masentimita 5-5 masentimita, ndipo m'lifupi mwake ndi 2-7 masentimita. Masamba amapendekera mwamphamvu kulowera ku petiole. Mbali yakutsogolo, mitsempha yamasamba imakhala yodwala, ndipo kumbali yolakwika imakhala yotupa. Ma inflorescence ali ngati mawonekedwe ambulera. Amakhala ndi maluwa 5-15. Dongosolo la maluwa ndi masentimita 2. Mtundu wawo ndi wachikaso. Peduncle kutalika kwa 10-35 masentimita. Pachimake mu Epulo kwa masiku 60.
Zosiyanasiyana zamtunduwu:
- Zojambula: maluwa amatumbuwa, awiri 25 cm;
- Rosea: maluwa ndi pinki;
- Gele Farben: inflorescences paleacac, mainchesi 95 mm;
- Golide Grand: masamba a bulauni, awiri 25mm.
Mawonedwe apamwamba
Siebold
Limamasula mu June. Maluwa amatha kukhala ofiira kapena ofiirira. Ma inflorescence amawoneka ngati ambulera.
Maonekedwe a Siebold
Kasupe
Lilinso ndi dzina lakuti Medicical. Zoyambira: Europe. Masamba ndi ovoid ndi makwinya. Kutalika kwawo ndi 20 cm ndipo m'lifupi mwake masentimita 6. Zotupa zimakhumudwa kuchokera kutsogolo, ndikuwonekera kuchokera mkati. Maluwa achikasu okhala ndi malo a lalanje pamunsi. Zimatha kukhala tryry kapena yosalala. Limamasula kuyambira Epulo mpaka Juni.
Mawonekedwe oyambira
Nkhani yamawonekedwe
Primrose wakhala akudziwika kwa zaka mazana ambiri. Mu Greece wakale, amatchedwa duwa la mankhwala a Olympus. Komanso, anthu adazitcha "makiyi" kapena "nkhosa zamphongo." Malinga ndi nthano zakale za ku Scandinavia wakale, maluwa a chomera ichi ndi mafungulo a mulungu wamkazi wa chonde Freya. Chifukwa cha iwo, amalola kulowa. Ku Germany, maluwa amenewa ndi makiyi aukwati. The Celts ndi Gauls primrose analiponso mothandana ndi chikondi.
Malinga ndi nkhani za ku Denmark, mwana wamfumu wamkuluyu adasintha kukhala duwa chifukwa adakondana ndi munthu wamba.
Nthano zakale zachi Greek zimanena kuti wachinyamata wotchedwa Paralisos adamwalira ndi chikondi. Anasinthidwa ndi milungu kukhala primrose. Milungu idamva chisoni kwambiri ndi imfa yake.
Zofunika! Chomera chimatha kuchiritsa matenda ambiri, kuphatikizapo ziwalo, zomwe zimatchedwa kuti ziwalo zamankhwala mu wowerengeka.
Ku Europe, duwa ili lidayamba kukula kuyambira zaka za zana la 16. Achi Briteni amphatikizidwa kwambiri ndi iye, amenenso adapanga kilabu ya okonda primrose. Chaka chilichonse, ziwonetsero za primrose zimakonzedwa kumeneko.
Kusamalira Panyumba
Ndiosavuta kusamalira primrose kunyumba. Sungani bwino pakakhala magetsi abwino. Ndikofunikanso kuti zisakudzitse mbewuyo. Kupanda kutero, imatha kuvunda.
Primula sakufuna chisamaliro
Chinyezi
Palibe zofunikira zofunikira kuti chinyezi chimangidwe. Komabe, chinyezi chochepa kwambiri, m'mphepete mwa masamba amayamba kuuma. Potere, muyenera kuthira masamba ndi madzi ofewa.
Kutentha
Chipinda chomwe chomera chimakhalamo chizikhala chabwino. Pakatuluka maluwa, matenthedwe olimbikitsidwa ndi madigiri 12-15.
Kuthirira
Pakakhala maluwa, nthawi zambiri pamakhala madzi, chifukwa amafunika kuti dothi limanyowa nthawi zonse. Komabe, ndikofunikira kukumbukira kuti simungathe kudzaza duwa, chifukwa izi zimapangitsa kukula kwa zowola pamizu. Pambuyo maluwa, kuthirira ayenera kukhala odziletsa.
Zofunika! Malinga ndi upangiri wa wamaluwa odziwa bwino ntchito zam'madzi, madzi ofewa amafunikira madzi akumwa.
Mavalidwe apamwamba
Kudyetsa kumachitika masamba atapangidwa. Feteleza ophatikizana ndi ma microelement amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati feteleza. Kuvala kwapamwamba kumachitika kawiri pamwezi, maluwa asanamalize. Ngati mukuthira duwa maluwa asanaphuke, ndiye kuti mphamvu zonse zidzapitilira masamba. Maluwa atachokapo, dzalitsani mbewuyo panthaka kapena mumphika wina.
Dothi
Kubzala chomera, osakaniza lapansi amagwiritsidwa ntchito. Kusakaniza kwabwino kuyenera kukhala kwa pepala, peat kumtunda, mchenga. Chilichonse chimatengedwa chimodzimodzi. Denga lopopera limafunikanso.
Malamulo akumalo
Pakufikira, malamulo otsatirawa akuyenera kuonedwa:
- sipayenera kukhala mchere wambiri padziko lapansi;
- maluwa ayenera kuyatsidwa bwino;
- Kutentha komwe maluwa amapezeka kuyenera kukhala kochepa;
- masamba owuma ayenera kuchotsedwa nthawi yomweyo kuti maluwa amatulutsa bwino;
- kupatsidwa zimachitika pokhapokha maluwa;
- Madzi oyika pansi pa mphika.
Kubzala mbewu kumachitika kuyambira Novembala mpaka Disembala. Mbewu za Primrose zimapereka kumera bwino, mutakhala osabzyala, muzisunga chinyontho kwambiri pa kutentha 20 madigiri. Kupitilira apo, kutentha ndi chinyezi pang'onopang'ono zimachepa. Kubwezera kumachitika kawiri: Marichi ndi Epulo.
Njira zolerera
Pali njira zingapo zofalitsira primrose: mbewu, kugawa chitsamba ndi kudula.
Zofunika! Kuyambira nthawi yodzala maluwa ndikuyenera kukhala miyezi isanu ndi umodzi.
Primrose wabwino Wokhala Ndi Zomera: Kukula kwa Mbeu
Kukula primrose pambewu ndi njira yotsika mtengo kwambiri, koma osati njira yosavuta. Koma mutaphunzira momwe mungakulitsire primrose ku mbewu zapakhomo, mutha kupeza chomera chabwino. Mbewu zimaphunzitsidwa ndi kupukutira kwanyumba. Pakumera, njira yodziyimira imachitika. Kuti achite izi, amawaika pa nsalu yonyowa ndikuyiyika mufiriji.
Kubzala kumachitika mu June kapena Julayi. Kuthekera kuyenera kukhala kwakukulu komanso kotsika. Mbewu zapamwamba zimakonkhedwa ndi dothi loonda. Kenako chidacho chimakutidwa ndi galasi kapena filimu. Tambalala azikhala pamalo otetezedwa. Ulamuliro wa kutentha ndi madigiri 15-18. Mphukira zoyambirira zimawonekera masabata awiri.
Zimatenga nthawi kuti zikule primrose ku mbewu
Kwa mmera primrose gwiritsani ntchito dothi lopepuka komanso lotayirira chifukwa cha peat. Mbewu zimabzalidwa Anthu ena amati kugwiritsa ntchito chipale chofewa m'malo kuthirira. Kunyoza kwa mbewu kumachitika m'chipale chofewa. Matalala osungunula adzawakoka mu nthaka. Tsekani chidebe ndi zojambulazo ndikuyika mufiriji kwa mwezi umodzi. Kutentha kuyenera kukhala osachepera 10 madigiri.
Njirazi zitatha, mbewuzo zimasinthidwa kupita kuchipinda. Ma primroses ambiri amabala pakubala pa kutentha kwa +15 - +18 madigiri. Kuwombera kuyenera kuzolowera mpweya pang'onopang'ono. Ndizotheka kuchotsa kwathunthu filimuyo pokhapokha sabata ndi theka. Mbande za primrose ku mbewu ziyenera kutetezedwa kuti zisayang'ane mwachindunji ndi dzuwa. Timafunikanso kuti nthaka ikhale chinyezi. Ndikofunikira kubowola pamtengowo mutatha masamba awiri.
Kukula primrose kuchokera kumbewu ndi njira yayitali. Ndikulimbikitsidwa kuti muzikulitsa mumphika mpaka kasupe wotsatira. Zomera zimayamba kuphuka mchaka chachitatu kapena chachinayi.
Zofunika! Pakakulidwa nthangala za primrose, mumdima wathunthu ndikofunikira.
Kodi primrose imatha bwanji kufalitsa chitsamba
Primrose imatha kufalitsidwa pogawa chitsamba. Njirayi imagwiritsidwa ntchito osati kungobala, komanso kukonzanso mbewu. Simuyenera kusunga maluwa m'malo amodzi kwa zaka zoposa zisanu. Ngati simugawana nawo, masamba ndi maluwa amakhala ochepa.
Chomera choti chigawidwe chimamwe madzi ambiri. Kenako, atatha maola awiri, amakumba. Kenako, amadzaza m'matumba. Mumtundu wachichepere, kudzipatula kumakhala kosavuta. Zomera zakale zimayenera kugwiritsa ntchito mpeni. Gawo lirilonse limasiya chidutswa cha rhizome.
Njira zake zimabzalidwa m'maenje patali masentimita 15 mpaka 20. Mabowo amayenera kukonzedwa ndi humus ndikuthiridwa. Ndipo kwa masiku 7-10 kuchita tsiku lililonse kuthirira. Ndikosatheka kudzaza kuti rhizomeyo isavunda.
Zofunika! Kupatukana bwino kumachitika mchaka chomera chisanafike pachimake kapena chakumapeto kwa chirimwe. Komabe, pali mitundu yomwe imatha kuikidwa nthawi yamaluwa. Mwachitsanzo, osiyanasiyana a Julia, Siebold, apamwamba.
Kugawira tchire kudzakuthandizanso kuti mumasinthanso maluwa
Zodulidwa
Njira yofalitsira primrose pogwiritsa ntchito masamba odulidwa imagwiritsidwa ntchito poyambira kwambiri kufalitsa chitsamba. Kuchokera pamtengowu, ndikofunikira kutsina pang'ono malo angapo. Kenako amamera m'malo ozizira komanso osalala.
Muzu kuti muzikagulitsa, ziyikeni pamalo omwe anapangidwapo. Pansi pawo, muyenera kuyika kudula kwa sphagnum moss. Mizu yake imadzaonekera kwambiri - theka la mwezi. Kenako phesi libzalidwa mumphika. Dongosolo lake silikhala lalikulu. Mphika umayikidwa mu wowonjezera kutentha kwamasamba. Kenako, kusamutsa kumalo okhazikika. Malo obzalidwa pansi m'nthawi yachisanu amakhala ndi masamba.
Panthawi yomwe, pogawa chitsamba, zidutswa za rhizome zimakhalabe, ndizotheka kuyesa kufalitsa ndi mizu. Kuti izi zitheke, zimabzalidwa m'nthaka yopanda michere. Kuzama kotsika ndi masentimita 2,5 mpaka 2003. Ngati chinyontho chambiri ndi kutentha zimayang'aniridwa, ndiye kuti zigawo zatsopano zidzatuluka mu impso.
Kufalitsa zodzidulira zimagwiritsidwa ntchito poyambilira kwambiri kufalitsa chitsamba.
Primrose ndi duwa lomwe limatha kukula m'nyumba komanso mumsewu. Pali mitundu yambiri ya mbewu. Kuti mufalikire, gwiritsani ntchito njira zitatu: mbewu, kudula kapena kugawa chitsamba. Yoyamba ndiyo yosankhidwa kwambiri. Kusamalira primrose ndikosavuta mokwanira.
