Ehmeya - chisamaliro chakunyumba, kubereka, chithunzi

Ehmeya (Aechmea) - chomera cha herbaceous kuchokera ku banja la bromeliad. Mayiko a South ndi Central America amadziwika kuti ndi kwawo. M'zaka za zana la XIX. duwa linayamba kumera ku European botanical bustani. Kuyambira kumapeto kwa zaka za zana la 20. okonda kulima nyumba adakhala ndi chidwi ndi ehmei.

Kunyumba, kutalika kwa chomera chimatha kufika mita imodzi, Komabe, kutalika kwake kudzakhala pafupifupi 30 cm, ndipo kutalika kwa masamba - 60 cm. Duwa limakhala ndi kukula kwapakatikati. Kunyumba, amakhala ndi zaka 7, zitsulo za mwana wamkazi zimasulidwa. Masamba aatali, odulira mozungulira m'mphepete, amapanga fundeni.

Echmea pachimake kamodzi pa moyo, kuyambira zaka 4. M'nyengo yotentha, maluwa owala a inflorescence amawoneka, opangidwa ndi maluwa ndi mabulangete ochepa a lilac. Mitundu yambiri ya echmea ndi mbewu za epiphytic zomwe zimakhala zachilengedwe pamiyala, korona zamtchire ndi mitengo.

Chowawa cha ehmei

Ehmeya ndi chomera chakupha. Madzi omwe ali mumasamba ake, ukufika pakhungu ndi mucous nembanemba, amayambitsa mkwiyo. Gwirani ntchito ndi maluwa mosamala, ovala magolovu. Mukatha kuntchito, sambani m'manja bwino.

Kusamalira echmea kunyumba (mwachidule)

Ehmeya kunyumba amakula bwino ngati maziko ake amafunikira kuunika, chinyezi, chakudya:

Ndi chisamaliro chodziwikiratu cha kusamalira mbewu, ndizotheka kuwunikira mawonekedwe a kukula kwa ehmei. Fores inflorescence amachotsedwa ndi ma secateurs kuti asafooketse chomera. Ehmeya ali ndi mizu yofooka ndipo amatha kumera pansi kapena kuthandizira - chidutswa cha khungwa, pulasitiki kapena galasi (dzenje limapangidwa poyimikidwa komwe amazipeza, akumata mizu ndi moss wonyowa).

Kusamalira zequa kunyumba. Mwatsatanetsatane

Zabwinobwino ehmeya angasangalale ndi masamba oyamba komanso maluwa okongola, ngati nyumba yabwino kwambiri adapangira.

Maluwa ehmei

Ehmeya nthawi zambiri amatulutsa maluwa m'chilimwe. Maluwa ehmei - chachitali, koma nthawi imodzi. Chomera chokhacho chimachita maluwa, kuyambira pafupifupi zaka 4. Zimachitika kuti duwa silimawoneka pachitsamba chokhwima kwambiri. Mwinanso mwana yemwe adakula adadulidwa m'mimba ndikukula pang'onopang'ono, osapeza chakudya chokwanira. Popeza atakhwima, adzamasulanso maluwa owala.

Kuti muchepetse kuyambika kwa maluwa, ehmeya wachichepere amaikidwa masiku 10 m'chikwama ndi nthochi kapena maapulo. Zipatso zopangira ma ethylene zimathandizira kuti maluwa ayambe kufalikira. Koma musayese mwamphamvu mawonekedwe a maluwa. Maluwa atatha maluwa, amakhala ndi moyo osapitilira chaka, nthawi zina alibe nthawi yopanga mphukira.

Chomera chokhwima sichitulutsa maluwa, koma chimaphukira mphukira zomwe zingathe kuziwikanso. Ma inflorescence okhazikika amachotsedwa nthawi yomweyo kuti asawononge mawonekedwe a mbewu, osachedwetsa kukula kwake komanso osayambitsa kuwonongeka kwa pamwamba.

Njira yotentha

Kuti mukule ehmeya wamphamvu komanso wathanzi, chisamaliro chanyumba chimapereka kuti chipindacho chizikhala ndi mpweya wabwino, chifukwa chimafunikira mpweya wabwino. M'chilimwe, duwa limatsitsidwa mumsewu. Onani kutentha. M'chilimwe, nyumbayo iyenera kukhala pakati + 25 - 28 ° C, nthawi yozizira - osati poyerekeza + 17 ° C.

Kutentha kwa tsiku ndi tsiku kukuwonetsedwa. Ehmeya ndi chomera chosowa chomwe chimakonda kutentha dontho usiku: kutsika pang'ono ndikothandiza kwa maluwa.

Tchire limatetezedwa ku zolemba.

Kuwaza

Duwa lotentha la echmea kunyumba limakhala lomasuka ngati chinyezi chikhalebe pa 60 - 70%. Panyengo yotentha komanso nthawi yotentha, kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa ndi madzi ofunda, otentha kungakuthandizeni.

Kumwaza ndi kukhazikitsa tchire mu poto ndi dothi lonyowa ndikuthekera kwa njira zowonjezera chinyezi chamkati, simungathe kupukuta masamba.

Kuwala

Kunyumba, duwa la ehmea liyenera kukhala pazenera loyang'ana kumadzulo kapena kummawa: pamenepo lidzalandira kuwala kokwanira. Ikayikidwa pazenera loyang'ana kumwera, kuunikako kumakhala kowala kwambiri komanso lalitali. Izi zimayambitsa kutentha masamba.

Ngati nkosatheka kukonzanso duwa, limasungidwa. Kumpoto kwa chipindacho kuli kuwala pang'ono, apa kukula kwa ecmea kumachepera. Zabwino kwa iye ndi zowunikira zowonekera bwino.

Kuthirira ehmei

Kuthirira ehmei ndikofunikira komanso kawirikawiri. Madzi pamene nthaka yapamwamba imuma. M'chilimwe, kamodzi masiku 7, amathira madzi ofunda, osanja, ndiye kuthirira nthaka. M'nyengo yozizira komanso pambuyo maluwa, amachepetsa chinyezi chadothi (sichiyenera kuuma), madzi samatsanuliridwa potulutsa, kuti asawononge kukula.

Kuzunza kwamadzi ehmey sikofunikira: masamba ake ambiri amatulutsa chinyezi chochepa, ndipo madzi omwe amatuluka amatithandizira kulephera kwakanthawi kochepa. Ehmeya amakonda kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa ndikusamba pansi pa sopo lotentha. Pambuyo pa njirazi, imasiyidwa m'chipinda chamtunda kuti madzi amume ndipo mbewuyo singalandire kutentha kwa masamba.

Dothi

Ehmeya ndi duwa lomwe acidity wa dothi silofunikira. Ndikofunika kuti dothi lipumire ndikutulutsa. Mutha kugula osakaniza opangidwa ndi bromeliads, kusintha, ndi sphagnum ndi makala osadulidwa.

Mutha kukonzekera gawo lapansi, mutatenga gawo lofanana ndi nthaka, peat, humus ndi theka la mchenga. Onjezani moss ndi makala osadulidwa osakaniza. Onetsetsani kuti mwathira dongo kapena njerwa zosweka pansi pa mphalawo.

Feteleza ndi feteleza

Kuvala kwapamwamba ndi feteleza ndibwino kwa duwa. Ehmeya amalabadira kuthirira kapena kupopera masamba masamba ndi feteleza wothira madzi kawiri konse wazomera zamaluwa kapena wopangidwira bromeliad.

Njira zimachitika mukathilira mu nyengo yamitambo kapena nthawi yamadzulo, kuti musawotche masamba (kasupe ndi chilimwe - kamodzi masabata awiri, nthawi yophukira - kamodzi masiku 30, komanso nthawi yozizira - kamodzi pa miyezi iwiri). M'nyengo yozizira, yankho limapukusidwa katatu.

Thirani Ehmei

Kuchulukitsa kwa Ehmei ndi ntchito yosavuta, yopezeka ngakhale kwa munthu wopanda nzeru. Tchire zazing'ono zimasinthidwa pachaka musanayambe maluwa. Akuluakulu amathanso kuwaika pambuyo pamaluwa, ngati mukufuna kupatula ana. Masamba ataliitali atapendekeka kale mumphika kuti echmea athere kukhazikika, kumuika ndikofunikira.

Mizu ya esmea ndi yaying'ono, motero imafunikira mphika wosaya. Nthaka imatengedwa chimodzimodzi ndikubzala duwa, onetsetsani kuti mukugwiritsa ntchito madzi. Pambuyo pozika, chitsamba chija chimayikidwa m'malo osasinthika ndipo sichithiriridwa madzi kwa masiku angapo.

Amagwira ntchito mwa kuvala magolovu kuteteza manja awo kuti asakumane mwangozi ndi madzi owopsa a ehmei komanso kuti asavulazidwe ndi minga pamasamba.

Kudulira

Tchire silifunikira kupangidwa, motero, silifunikira kudulira pafupipafupi. Maluwa atatha maluwa, mitengo yoyambira masamba yomwe idayamba kuzimiririka imadulidwa ndi mpeni kuti isasokoneze khunyu ndikuwononga mawonekedwe ake. Ana akapangidwa pakati pamasamba amakula kwambiri, amawadula.

Momwe mungachokere tchuthi

Mwini wosamala, atachoka kunyumba kwa sabata limodzi kapena awiri, nthawi zonse amaganiza za momwe angachokere ehmeya osakonzekera tchuthi? Mwini wa ehmei anali ndi mwayi: chomera chimatha kukhala ndi masabata awiri popanda kuthirira, koma osachokapo ndikuthiriridwa, ndikuyankhidwa ndi sphagnum, ndipo madzi otentha okhazikika amathiridwa mu malo osungirako.

Ehmeya amayikidwa mu thireyi ndi dothi lonyowa ndipo ngati kuli kotheka, limasungidwa. Ngati kulibe kutalitali, amapempha abale kuti asamalire duwa.

Kufalikira kwa ehmei

Kufalikira kwa ehmei ndikotheka ndi njira ziwiri.

Kufalikira kwa ehmei ndi ana

• Ana osakhwima (okufika gawo limodzi mwa magawo atatu kutalika kwa duwali wamkulu) amalekanitsidwa ndi chomera cha mayi wachikulire ndi mpeni wakuthwa bwino. Amakhala mizu mosavuta.
• Malowo odulidwa amawazidwa ndi makala makala kuti muchepetse kuvunda.
• Adabzala m'dothi lopepuka ndikuthirira.
• Amachiphimba ndi polyethylene, ndikupanga mabowo kuti mbewuyo ipume.
• Kanemayo amachotsedwa kuti kuthirira ndi airing.
• Pakatha masiku 30 mpaka 45, kuzika kwamizu kumachitika.
• Chitsamba chija chimadzaika mchidebe chachikulu ndikuchisamalira ngati chomera chachikulire.

Kukula ehmei kuchokera ku mbewu

Kufalitsa mbewu - mbewu zofesedwa mu peat (kapena mchenga + peat), wokutidwa ndi kanema ndikusiya + 23 ° C. Pakatha milungu itatu, mbewuzo zimamera. Pafupifupi miyezi itatu pambuyo pake, masamba atatu atawonekera, amadzikhomera m'miphika ingapo. Echmea yopezeka kuchokera ku mbewu imaphuka pakapita zaka zitatu.

Njira zofalitsira za ehmei ndizosavuta, koma nthawi zambiri amagwiritsa ntchito zoyambirira: kotero mutha kudikirira mpaka maluwa a ehmei, mawonekedwe amitundu asungidwe.

Matenda ndi Tizilombo

Ehmeya safuna chisamaliro chapadera, koma ndiudindo wa mlimi wa maluwa kuti apange mbewu zabwino. Ngati mutazungulira duwa mwachidwi, musakayike: matenda ndi tizirombo sizingawakhudze. Kupanda kutero, matendawa amatha kuwoneka mwa mawonekedwe:

• zoyala zakale zimafa - Njira yachilengedwe yachilengedwe, imakonda kuchitika maluwa;
• zitsulo zovunda ehmei - kuthirira kwamadzi pamtunda wotsika (kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa kuthirira, kukhetsa madzi mu malo ogulitsira; ikani malo otentha, mpweya wokwanira);
• ehmea amachoka - kuwala kambiri (mitsani chitsamba);
• mawanga a bulauni pamasamba - matenda a fungal (fungicides amagwiritsidwa ntchito); ngati mawanga ndi a bulauni - kutentha kwa dzuwa (mthunzi, kukonzanso);
• masamba obisika a esmea - kusowa kwa chinyontho (madzi, madzi amatsanulidwa mu malo omwe akutulutsira);
• nsonga zouma zamasamba a echmea - Mpweya wouma kwambiri (onjezani chinyezi);
• mawanga owala obiriwira a masamba a silvery - kufufuta masikelo mukapukuta pepalalo ndi chopukutira;
• Masamba amatembenuka chikasu ndikugwa - kuthirira kwamadzi (Sinthani kuthirira, mpweya wokwanira);
• pambuyo maluwa, masamba limafota ndikugwa - kukalamba kwachilengedwe, chitsamba sichitha kupulumutsidwa;
• inflorescence idasanduka yakuda - ehme kuzizira (konzani pamalo otentha).

Nthawi zina ecmea amakhudzidwa ndi nsabwe za m'masamba, mealybugs, tizilombo tambiri, nthata za akangaude. Tizirombo timayendetsedwa ndi kutentha ndi kuwuma kwa mpweya kapena nthawi yozizira komanso kufalikira kwa maluwa. Maonekedwe ndi kubereka kwa tizilombo ndizosavuta kupewa kuposa kuthana nawo pambuyo pake.

Mitundu ya ehmei yakunyumba wokhala ndi zithunzi ndi mayina

Mitundu yoposa 250 ya ecmea imapezeka kuthengo. Zina mwa izo zimalimidwa kunyumba.

Zingwe Zam'madzi (Aechmea Fasciata)

Masamba obiriwira obiriwira okhala ndi mawonekedwe a marble ndi ma cloves ang'onoang'ono kumapeto amapanga phokoso lalitali. Pepala lamasamba ndilopindika, lamba-lamba (kutalika mpaka 0.6 m). Chipilala chokhotakhota kapena chovomerezeka cha piramidi chimamera mpaka masentimita 30. Maluwa ofiira ofiira amtunduwu amakhala atazunguliridwa ndi mabulangeti a pinki.

Echmea Weilbach (Aechmea Weilbachii)

Masamba ofanana a xiphoid, okhala ndi utoto wofiirira komanso wozungulira, amapanga poyambira. Masamba opanda minga, kutalika kwake kumafika masentimita 50. inflemose inflorescence imakhala pa peduncle yofiyira. Mabulogu akuluakulu ofunda amasonkhanitsidwa pansi, pakati pawo pali maluwa ang'onoang'ono okhala ndi miyala ya buluu.

Achmea (Aechmea Recurvata)

Masamba opepuka obiriwira okhala ndi mizere yopingasa ndi m'mphepete mwa spiky amapanga phokoso lalikulu. Kutalika kwa masamba - mpaka 1, 5 cm, kutalika - mpaka 40. inflorescence caprate ili pafupi kutalika kwa 0.2 m.Maluwa okongola a pinki azunguliridwa ndi mabulangeti ofiira osakanizika.

Ehmeya - chomera chomwe chimapangitsa chidwi ndi masamba obiriwira osiyanasiyana ndi maluwa osangalatsa. Limamasula kamodzi nthawi yayitali, koma maluwa amakhala okongola komanso osazolowereka kotero kuti amakometsa kukongola. Kusamalira chomera sikovuta. Chifukwa chake, chiwerengero cha mafani a ehmei chikukula pang'onopang'ono.