Blekhnum (Derbyanka) ndi flamme yokongola yokongola ya banja la Derbyankovy yomwe ili ndi korona yaikulu, ikupanga rhizome yosinthidwa komanso pathami yowoneka bwino kwambiri.
Zikuwoneka ngati mtengo wa kanjedza masamba omwe amasonkhanitsidwa mumalo amodzi.
Dziko la Derbyanka ndi New Caledonia, South America ndi Australia.
Mawonekedwe ochokera ku chithunzi
Pali mitundu 200 ya Derbyanka. Mwa tsatanetsatane tidzakamba za anthu ambiri.
Humpback
Blehnum imakula bwino m'madera othunzi chifukwa sakonda kuunikira kowala. Mphuno ya mtundu wakuda, masamba avy, mowirikiza. Derbyanka kulekerera mpweya wouma, koma ndi yogwira kukula (kasupe ndi yophukira), kumafuna mkulu chinyezi.
Brazil
Izi fern yaikulu akhoza kukula kufika mamita limodzi ndi hafu. Thunthu ndi lofiirira, lopweteka, lolimba, pini-split. Mbali yapadera ya oyimira achinyamata a mitundu iyi ndi masamba a mtundu wokongola wamkuwa. Mu chomera chachikulu, amakhala ndi mtundu wobiriwira wobiriwira.
Mtedza wokonda mchere amakula pa kutentha kosachepera 18 ° С ndi akusowa kuunikira kwakukulu.
Chijapani
Ndizo chomera chosagwira womwe umatalika kufika masentimita 40. Zakale, zofiira, masamba a nthenga zimakhala zojambula mu mtundu wobiriwira.
Indian
Evergreen Blehnum Ali ndi masamba owala kwambiri, omwe ali pamtunda wochepa kwambiri. Kutalika kwa chitsanzo chachikulu sikudutsa 50 cm.
Mura
Chomera chokongola chokhala ndi kuwala kofiira masamba obiriwira okonda kutentha, amawapereka molakwika kwambiri.
Mtsinje
Mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya Derbianka imasiyanitsidwa ndi mbale yaikulu yowonjezera yomwe imawoneka ngati korona. M'lifupi mwake ndi kutalika kwa masentimita 40 kufika 30 cm.
Kusamalira kwanu
Chomera chokongoletsera chingathe kukula bwino kunyumba, kuganizira makhalidwe a kutentha ndi chinyezi.
Zomwe zimasamalidwa mutagula
Mbali yapadera ya michere yomwe mbeu imabzalidwa iyenera kusinthidwa ndi nthaka yosakaniza. Derbyanka amasankha nthaka yosavuta pang'ono, yomwe ili ndi mbali zofanana za dziko, mchenga, nthawi zonse humus ndi peat.
Kubzala Sikoyenera kuti tigwiritse ntchito mapulasitiki kapena timiphika. Mavitamini, zida zagalasi kapena zadongo zomwe zili ndi dzenje lakuda ndipo sitimayo ndi yangwiro.
Pambuyo pakuwombera ndikofunikira Thirani madzi osungira popanda laimu.
Pasanathe masiku angapo mutagula, ndibwino kuika Derbyanka kutali ndi zomera zina kuti asapewe tizilombo toyambitsa matenda.
Ngati palibe zizindikiro za kuwonongeka kwa fern, zikhoza kuikidwa pafupi ndi maluwa ena amkati.
Kuunikira
Ndikofunika kuyika mphika ndi chomera pamalo owala, zomwe zimatetezedwa ku dzuwa.
Derbyanka adzamva bwino kwambiri kummwera chakumpoto kwa chipinda chapatalikatikati mwawindo la mamita 1.
Kutentha
Kuti mukule bwino ndi kukula kwa Blehnum, ndikofunika kukhala ndi kutentha kwa chipinda. Chipinda chikhoza kupuma mpweya, pamene tikupewa kujambula. M'chilimwe, kutentha kwakukulu kudzakhala 19-26 ° C, m'nyengo yozizira - osati poyerekeza ndi 16 ° C.
Chomera chiyenera kukhala chitetezeni kuchokera ku moto wotentha ndi radiator.
Kutentha kwa mpweya
Fern amakonda chinyezi kwambiri Choncho, chinyezi mu chipinda chikhale chokwanira. Mphika ndi Derbyanka anaika pa pallets, yomwe imakhala yonyowa moss, miyala yamtengo wapatali kapena yowonjezera dongo.
Kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa sikuvomerezedwa chifukwa sichikonda kutsogolera masamba.
Kuthirira
Blehnum ayenera kuthiriridwa mochuluka m'chilimwe komanso moyenera m'nyengo yozizira. Zinyontho zambiri komanso zowuma kwambiri zimakhudza chitukuko. Dziko lapansi liyenera kukhala lonyowa nthawi zonse.
Kuthirira kumachitika madzi otentha, opanda madzi opanda mandimu.
Feteleza (kuvala)
Fern Zomwe zimakhudza kwambiri kudya kwa zakudya.
Mukamadyetsa, mlingo wa feteleza wotchulidwa ndi wopanga ayenera kukhala wochepa.
M'chaka ndi chilimwe, m'pofunika kudyetsa Derbyanka kawiri pa mwezi ndi mchere ndi organic feteleza.
Sitikulimbikitsidwa kuti manyowa nthaka muzirala ndi nyengo yozizira, komanso mwamsanga mutatha kuziika.
Kuwaza
Fern anafera m'chaka, pamene mizu imadzadza poto. Kusakaniza nthaka ndi nthaka yolimba, humus, peat ndi mchenga. Makala amoto ndi sphagnum angathe kuwonjezeredwa kunthaka.
Blehnum silingalole kukhalapo kwa laimu m'nthaka.
Kuwaza kumatenga mphika waukulu ndi dzenje labwino. Mndandanda wa miyala ya miyala kapena miyala yayikidwa pansi, zomwe sizilola kuti madzi asapitirire.
Masiku awiri asanayambe kusindikizidwa, Blehnum ayenera kuthiriridwa ndipo masamba otsala (yellowed) ayenera kuchotsedwa.
Kudulira
Derbyanka sakusowa kudulira, chifukwa si nthambi.
Kuswana
Chomera chokongola cha banja la fern chimafalitsa m'njira ziwiri:
Gawani
Pakuika Blehnum, rhizome yake imagawidwa m'magulu angapo ndi mpeni, iliyonse yomwe ili ndi mfundo zingapo za kukula.
Kwa kubwerera Afunika kugwiritsa ntchito mphika waukulu ndi nthaka yosautsa. Chomera chodzala chimakula pang'onopang'ono pamene mawonekedwe atsopano amawonekera ndipo amalimbitsa kwa nthawi yaitali.
Mikangano
Derbyanka ikhoza kufalikira ndi spores, zomwe zimapangidwa m'munsi mwa masamba.
Spores afesedwa kasupe m'makina osaya omwe amadzazidwa ndi nthaka yosakaniza ndi peat ndi mchenga.
Asanagwiritse ntchito Ndibwino kuti tizilumikizana ndi nthaka ndikuyikaka ndi madzi otentha.
Musanabzala, spores amachiritsidwa ndi yankho la quinosol, lofesedwa mu okonzeka kwambiri ndikutsekedwa ndi galasi.
Madzi a m'thanete ayenera kusungidwa nthawi zonse.
Anamwino amaikidwa pamalo amdima, patapita kanthawi spores zidzamera. Zimamera zokhala muzitsulo zazikulu ndi zosakaniza za peat, humus ndi tsamba lapansi.
Matenda ndi tizirombo
Blehnum Kulimbana ndi matenda osiyanasiyana. Komabe, ngati kutentha kuli kwakukulu, mlengalenga ndi youma, ndipo pali kusowa kwa chinyezi, masamba akhoza kutembenukira chikasu ndipo amadzazidwa ndi mawanga ofiira.
Derbyanka ikhoza kuonongeka ndi scythe, aphid, mealybug ndi kangaude. Kuchiza tizilombo Masamba akulimbikitsidwa kuti azisamalidwa ndi madzi osuta. Ndifunikanso kupukuta masamba ndi ubweya wa thonje wothira mowa. Pakakhala vuto lalikulu la tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, tizilombo toyenera.
Chitetezo chachikulu cha Derbyanka ku tizilombo ndi matenda ndikuteteza kutentha ndi chinyezi mu chipinda.
Blehnum - zopanda phindu oimira banja la fern, omwe amafunikira chidwi ndi chisamaliro choyenera. Sakonda mazira, ozizira ndi mpweya wouma. Zomera zimakhala ndi chinyezi, koma musalole kupopera mbewu.
Potsatira mwakhama malamulo a chisamaliro, mukhoza kukula ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya Derbyanka ndi masamba osadziwika, otseguka. ndi masamba osadziwika, otseguka.
Zina zowonjezera m'nyumba ndizo: Pelleya, Pteris, Cirtriumium, Asplenium, Adiantum, Davallia, Nephrolepis, Salvinia, Polypodium, Platicerium, Uzzhnik ndi Humulus.
