Nkhaniyi ikufotokoza za mbewu, zomwe sizitetezera komanso zodyetsa zinyama zambiri, komanso njira yabwino kwambiri yokonzekera minda kapena minda. Mudzaphunziranso za mapulogalamu a siliva, ndi zofunika zotani kuti zikhale bwino. Werengani pansipa kuti mukhale woyenera komanso wosamala.
Kuwoneka ndi malongosoledwe a zomera
Mapulogalamu a siliva - mtengo wodulidwa, womwe uli wa banja lomwelo. Tiyenera kukumbukira kuti malinga ndi chigawo china, mapulogalamu a siliva ndi a banja la Sapindov.
Kutalika kwa mtengo ndi 27-36 m, malingana ndi nyengo ndi kubereka kwa nthaka. Thunthu la mtengo ndi lalifupi, ndipo nthawi zambiri nthambi zina zimapangidwira pansi. Izi zikusonyeza kuti korona imapangidwa pafupifupi msinkhu wonse wa mtengo, chifukwa sizingatheke kuti munthu asakhale ndi mphukira pamunsi pa thunthu.
Krone sizimasiyana mozama, ali ndi mawonekedwe ozungulira, chifukwa cha zomwe zili patali zikuwoneka ngati kapu. Akuwombera. Poyamba amatsitsidwa pansi, koma malingaliro awo amathamangira. Mapangidwe a nthambi mu bend akufanana ndi spruce mphukira.
Makungwa m'mitengo yaing'ono imapangidwa ndi utoto wofiirira, koma mitengo yakale ndi yautali imakhala mdima, imakhala yofooketsa ming'alu yaing'ono, ndipo ili ndi mamba ang'onoang'ono.
Rhizome osati motalika kwambiri. Mizu imayimilidwa ndi mizu yambiri. Izi zikutanthauza kuti mizu yayikulu ikuluikulu ilibe, kotero dongosolo limapangidwa ndi mizu yambiri yowonjezera.
Impso zojambula mu mdima wofiira womwe umadutsa pa bulauni. Miyeso yayikulu imawoneka bwino pa impso. Maluwa amazindikiranso kuti nthawi zonse amasonkhana m'magulu.
Dzidziwitse nokha ndi maonekedwe a mapu a Ginnal, Flamingo, ndi Norway, Red, Tatar, Japanese, Alpine, ndi mapu a Manchurian.
Masamba Kujambula kunja kwa mtundu wobiriwira kapena wobiriwira. Kumbuyo kwa chikwama cha pepala muli mtundu woyera ndi mthunzi wa siliva. Masamba pa mphukira amapangidwa moyang'anizana (moyang'anizana), mbaleyi inagawidwa muzipinda zisanu, pakati pazikhala zakuya zakuya. Kutalika kumachokera pa masentimita 8 mpaka 16, ndipo m'lifupi ndi 6 mpaka 12 cm.
Maluwa Amuna ndi akazi amapangidwa pa chomera chimodzi, kotero mapulo akhoza kudzipaka mungu popanda kukhalapo kwa zomera zina za mtundu uwu. Ndalama zimasonkhanitsidwa m'magulu aang'ono. Nkhumbazo zimakhala zojambula pamitundu yosiyanasiyana yobiriwira ndi yofiira. Maluwa amapezeka kwambiri kwambiri, nthawi zonse asanakhalepo masamba.
Chipatso ndilo mlingo wa mtundu uwu ndipo ndi lionfish nthawi zonse. Mapiko aliwonse ali ndi kutalika kwa masentimita 4 ndipo m'lifupi kufika 1 masentimita. Zipatso zonse zimabala kale kumapeto kwa kasupe, pambuyo pake zipindazo zimagawanika kwambiri pamadera omwe ali pafupi. Ndikoyenera kudziwa kuti atalowa m'nthaka, mbewu zimayamba kumera.
Chiwerengero cha kukula ndithu kwambiri. M'zaka 10 zoyambirira, tikhoza kuyembekezera kuwonjezeka chaka ndi chaka mu dera la mamita 0.8-1. Pambuyo pa zaka 20, mlingo umachepetsanso ndipo ndi 20-40 masentimita.
Lifespan ali pafupi zaka 130-150.
Ndikofunikira! Mapulo a siliva ali ofanana ndi mapulo ofiira, choncho akadzabzala m'madera amodzi ndi mungu wowonjezera, amapereka zomera zosakanizidwa.
Kumene kumakulira
Mapulo awa amapezeka ku North America. Amakula m'mayiko akumpoto a United States, komanso ku Canada. Kumtchire, mtengowo umapezeka m'madera otentha, pafupi ndi mitsinje ndi nyanja. Chikhalidwe chimakonda chinyezi, choncho sichiyang'aniridwa pa zowuma.
Tikukulangizani kuti muwerenge za phindu lopindulitsa komanso kugwiritsa ntchito mapulo ndi mapulo oyamwa.
Mu chilengedwe, mapulo a siliva amakonda malo otseguka, makamaka ngati malo a zakudya amachoka kwambiri. Mu penumbra akhoza kukula bwino ngati gawolo liri lopweteka kwambiri.
Tanthauzo lachilengedwe
Mitengo ya mapulo ndi chipulumutso chenicheni kwa mitundu yambiri ya mbalame, chifukwa imawapatsa mbewu zabwino pa nthawi yomwe maluwa amapanga pa mitengo ina. Kuwombera, mbewu ndi masamba zimadya chakudya cha agologolo ndi chipmunks, zomwe kumayambiriro kwa masika zimakhala ndi kusowa kwa chakudya. 
Osataya kudya mphukira zokoma ndi nswala, hares, ndi beevers. Mtengo suli mzuwo wokha, komanso malo othawirako nyama ndi mbalame. Mbalame zimamanga zisa zawo pa mapuloteni a siliva, ndi agologolo, ma raccoons, zikopa ndi matabwa omwe ali m'matope.
Kugwiritsa ntchito popanga malo
Ichi ndi mtengo wodzichepetsa womwe ukukula msanga, womwe uli ndi zaka 20 uli ndi kutalika kwa mamita 15. Chifukwa cha zinthu izi, mapulo amagwiritsidwa ntchito popita m'misewu. Chimayikidwanso pogawaniza njira pafupi ndi msewu, chifukwa kukula kwa mtengo sikungakhudzidwe ndi mpweya woopsa wa zoyendetsa.
Malinga ndi kukongola kwa malo, kusinthana kwa siliva ndibwino koposa kuti mwamsanga mupange munda kuchokera pachiyambi. Anabzala mitengo pamtunda pafupi ndi matupi a madzi, chifukwa amangoona malo abwino kwambiri, komanso amatsuka chinyezi chakuda cha nthaka, chomwe sichitha kunena za zikhalidwe zina zambiri.
Zabwino kwambiri ndi chithandizo cha siliva mapulo kuti apange maple alley. Njira yabwino ndi solitaire (njira yogwiritsira ntchito popanga malo odyetsera m'mapaki) pogwiritsa ntchito mapulo, koma pamundawu muyenera kukhala ndi malo akuluakulu. 
Mavuto akukula
Kenaka, werengani za kukula kwa nyengo, zomwe sizidzangodalira kuthekera kokha mtengo mu nyengo yanu, komanso maonekedwe ndi kukula kwake.
Tikukulimbikitsani kuti muwerenge momwe mungamere nyumba ya maple (abutilon).
Kuunikira Mu chilengedwe, mapulo amasankha kutseguka, malo owala bwino, koma akhoza kukula mthunzi. Mkhalidwe wa m'mundawu, mthunzi waung'ono sungathetsere vutoli, chifukwa chidzasokoneza chiwerengero cha kukula, motero mudzayenera kudikirira nthawi yayitali kapena kugwiritsa ntchito ndalama kuti mukhale ndi thanzi labwino.
Pachifukwa ichi, ndi bwino kupereka malo ambiri ku mtengo wofulumira kuti uone mtengo wokongola wamtali, osati mtengo wochepa wilted ndi matenda ambiri.
Gawo lapansi. Ponena za nthaka, ndiye kuti muyenera kumvetsetsa kapangidwe ndi katundu wa chinyontho. Dothi lopaka dongo liyenera kuchotsedwa mwamsanga, komanso mchenga. 
Pothi la dothi, mapulo adzakhala ovuta kwambiri kuti apange mizu, ndi nthaka ya mchenga - mtengowo udzakhalabe wopanda chinyezi chofunikira, ndipo mtengo wa mchenga uli wochepa kwambiri.
Windy Kudzala mtengo mu malo osungira kapena akuluakulu ndi lingaliro loipa kwambiri, chifukwa uyenera kukonzera mphukira zowonongeka kangapo pachaka. Ndipo ngati mtengo wachikulire nthawi zambiri umatha kuphulika kwa mphukira zingapo, ndiye mtengo wachinyama ukhoza kumwalira kapena kuleka kukula ngati korona kakang'ono kakang'ono kamachepa chifukwa cha mphepo.
Madzi akumtunda. Mtengo wosachepera ndi 2 mamita, zomwe zidzakhala zokwanira kuti mapulo asadzafike kwa iwo m'moyo wawo wonse. Popeza nthendayi imakhala yofiira komanso imatuluka kumbali, ndibwino kusamalira kutali ndi matupi a pafupi ndi madzi, osati m'madzi apansi.
Ndikofunikira! Kumbukirani kuti dothi losaloleka sililola mizu kuti ipange bwino, choncho sankhani malo omwe dongo likukhala mamita awiri.
Frost kukana Mapulogalamu a siliva ndi ozungulira nyengo. Izi zikutanthauza kuti kuperewera kuchepetsa kutentha kumene mtengo ukhoza kupirira ndi -34 ❖ Pankhaniyi, muyenera kudandaula za momwe mtengowo umakhalira pamene kutentha kumadutsa ku -29 ˚С, ngati kulibe chisanu chokwanira. Zowonjezera nthawi zambiri zimawonekera pamitengo pambuyo pachisanu.
Malamulo obwera
Phunzirani zofunikira za chisamaliro cha mtengo kuti zithandize kupewa zolakwitsa. Kodi mungapangire bwanji mbeu zingapo?
Nthawi. Kubzala kungatheke kumayambiriro kwa masika ndi kumayambiriro kwa autumn. M'madera ozizidwa ndi nyengo yoziziritsa, ndi bwino kudzala masika kuti mtengo ukhale wosakanikirana ndi kupeza zakudya zofunikira m'nthaka isanafike nyengo yozizira.
Kusakaniza kwa nthaka. Kusakaniza kotereku kugwiritsidwa ntchito (mu chiŵerengero cha 2: 2: 1): tsamba lapansi, peat, mchenga. Ndi bwino kutenga mchenga wawukulu wa mtsinje kukonza madzi. 
Tiyeneranso kutchula kuti acidity ya nthaka ndi ntchito yoyamba ya feteleza mchere. Mapulo amakonda nthaka yopanda ndale kapena yowonjezera, kotero ngati muli ndi gawo lamchere m'deralo, ndibwino kuti mulingise. Mu okonzeka nthaka kusakaniza amapereka 150 g wa nitroammofoski. Mankhwala ena amchere sagwiritsidwa ntchito pachiyambi choyamba.
Mwinamwake mudzakhala ndi chidwi chowerenga za momwe mungazindikire acidity ya nthaka, komanso momwe mungasokonezere nthaka pa tsamba.
Kukonzekera kwa dzenje. Kumalo kumene mukupita kukabzala mtengo, muyenera kuchotsa namsongole ndi zinyalala zosiyanasiyana, kenaka yang'anani pH pogwiritsa ntchito mayesero. Kenako, chekeni dzenje.
Monga momwe ziliri ndi kubzala mitengo yambiri, timayika payekha, ndipo timachotsa pansi. M'tsogolomu, sakanizani nthaka yosanjikiza ndi nthaka yosakaniza yomwe ili pamwambapa kuti mupeze njira yabwino.
Kuzama ndi m'mimba mwake kumatanthawuza mizu. Mulimonsemo, kutalika kwa dzenje liyenera kukhala lalikulu kuposa kukula kwa mizu, mwinamwake mudzawawononga iwo mutabzala. 
1.3 - nthaka ya masamba; 2 - muzu wa thunthu Padera, ziyenera kunenedwa za madzi apansi. Ngati simukudziwa bwino lomwe momwe akunama, phulani dzenje ndi masentimita 20, kenaka muikemo ngalande (yowonjezera dongo, miyala yochepa, miyala yochepa). Ichi ndi inshuwalansi yowonjezera yomwe ingakuthandizeni ngati madzi apansi ali pamwamba pa mamita 2.
Mukudziwa? Sikuti kokha mazira a mapulo, omwe amapangidwa chifukwa cha chomera, amadyedwa. Anthu a ku Japan anayamba kugwiritsa ntchito masamba a mtengo ngati chotupitsa. Mutatha kusonkhanitsa zipangizozo, masamba obiriwira amasungidwa mu mbiya ya mchere kwa miyezi 6, kenako amathira mafuta ndi zonunkhira mu mafuta.
Tikufika. Pambuyo popanga dzenje, pangani kondomeko kakang'ono pakati pake, kutalika kwake komwe sikuyenera kupitirira 20 masentimita. Timachita izi kuti tipeze bwino rhizome. Kenaka, imanizani mtengo mu dzenje ndikuwongolera mizu.
Ndikofunika kuti mwamsanga muwone ngati mutu wa mizu uli wofanana ndi gawo lapansi kapena pansi pa mlingo woyenera. Izi ndizofunikira kwambiri, chifukwa ngati mutseka khosi, mtengowo udzafa.
Video: kubzala mapulo
Ngati chirichonse chikuchitika, pang'onopang'ono mudzaze dzenje, kuchotsani zipinda zam'mlengalenga zomwe zimathandiza kuti mizu isagwirizane ndi nthaka, chifukwa chitukukochi chimachepa. Pambuyo potsiriza dzenje, mtengo uyenera kuthiriridwa mochuluka. Bweretsa madzi okwanira 20 malita, omwe ali ndi kutentha kovomerezeka. Izi zikutanthawuza kuti kutsanulira madzi a ayezi kapena kutentha sikuyenera.
Musaiwale za magudumu akugwedeza. Mutangoyamba kubzala, amafalikira pafupifupi 3-5 masentimita a peat kuti ateteze dothi kutentha, komanso kuti apange zakudya zake. Kuphatikizira kumathandizanso kupewa kupezeka kwa namsongole.
Kubzala mbewu zingapo. Mukamabzala mitengo yambiri ya mapulo, muyenera kukhala ndi mtunda wofunikira, mwinamwake mitengo imakhala mthunzi wina ndi mzake, zomwe zingasokoneze kukula kwawo.
Komanso mapulo, mitengo yodzikongoletsera imaphatikizansopo: thuja Smaragd, mkungudza, mabokosi, Gruuka spruce, msondodzi wouma, thundu, magnolia, sakura, mthethe, msondodzi.Pogwiritsa ntchito mpanda, momwe kuchuluka kwa mitengo kuli pamwamba, zitsanzo zoyandikana zimabzalidwa pamtunda wa mamita awiri. Mulimonsemo, mtunda wochepa pakati pa mapulo ukhale mamita 3.
Malangizo Othandizira
Kuthira. Mapulo amafunika kuchuluka kwa chinyezi. Mtengo ukhoza kukhala ndi mvula yochepa, koma ngati mtengo uli bwino, siwodwala ndipo sungakhudzidwe ndi tizirombo. Ndiyeneranso kukumbukira kuti mtengo ukhozanso kupirira chilala, koma panthawi imeneyo sayenera kutentha, mwinamwake kusungunuka kwa chinyezi kupyolera masamba kumakhala kotsika kwambiri.
Pali mlingo winawake wa ulimi wothirira, malinga ndi madzi okwanira 10 mpaka 20 omwe ayenera kubweretsedwa pansi pa mtengo umodzi kamodzi pa mwezi ngati nyengo imakhala yozizira kapena yofanana, koma kamodzi pa sabata ngati kutentha kwa mpweya kuli kwakukulu.
Feteleza. Ngati simunapange madzi amchere mukamabzala, ndiye chaka chamawa muyenera kudyetsa mtengo ndi potaziyamu, phosphorous ndi nayitrogeni, kuwonjezera feteleza otsatirawa:
- 40 g wa urea;
- 20 g wa mchere wa potaziyamu;
- 40 g wa superphosphate.
Kuchuluka kwa feteleza kumagwiritsidwa ntchito pa mita imodzi ya square. Komanso, zingakhale zowonjezera kuwonjezera 100 g ya Kemira kwa 1 masentimita m'chilimwe panthawi ya kupalira kapena kutsegula kwa bwalo la thunthu. Maonekedwe a chakudya ichi akuphatikizapo zinthu zofunika kwambiri zomwe zimafunikanso ndi zomera, komanso macronutrients, koma pang'onopang'ono.
Mulching Mukamabzala, mulch imayikidwa, yomwe imatha kuwonongeka, choncho zimalimbikitsa kuziyika tsiku ndi tsiku - kuyika chigawo chatsopano cha peat chokhazikika. Komanso, ngati mulch amayenera nthambi za pine, ngati mukuwopa kuwonongeka kwa tizirombo. Tizilombo zambiri sitimakonda fungo la kudya, choncho sichidzafika pafupi ndi mapulo.
Mbewu. M'zaka ziwiri zoyambirira za moyo, kudulira sikoyenera, ngati simungachepetse kukula, komanso kuwonongeke kwa chitetezo cha achinyamata. Nthawi zambiri, zimakhala zochotsa matenda kapena zowuma okha kuti tizirombo tisagwiritse ntchito.
Kuyambira ali ndi zaka zitatu, mapulo ayenera kudulidwa pachaka kumapeto kwa nyengo yozizira, kuchotsa mphutsi, matenda owuma ndi osweka. N'zotheka kuchita zokopa zokha, koma izi sizowunikira. Chinthu chachikulu - kupulumutsa chomera ku "kulemera kwakufa", komwe kumakhudza maonekedwe, komanso kumakopa tizirombo ndi matenda. 
Mukudziwa? Pogwiritsa ntchito mapulo a ku America, malasha apadera amapangidwa, kudzera mwakumwa kwa Jack Daniel wotchuka kwambiri.
Tsopano inu mukudziwa chomwe mapulo a siliva ali, kumene amamera, ndipo ngati kuli kovuta kukula izo. Kumbukirani kuti chomeracho chimayambira kumbali, zomwe zimayambitsa thickening ya zomera.
Musaiwale za mbewu zomwe zimatulutsidwa m'nthaka yachonde nthawi yomweyo. Mbewu zoterezo zimachotsedwa bwino, chifukwa patapita chaka adzakhala ndi kutalika kwa mita imodzi.
