Mawu akuti "anyezi wa tsoka" si chabe mbiri yodziŵika bwino, koma, mwatsoka, mawu okhumudwitsa.
Kwa chitsime chopatsa thanzi kwambiri ndi kuchiritsa kwa matenda aumunthu, anyezi, amatuluka, amadziwika okha ndi matenda ndi zirombo zazilombo.
Ndipo mu phiri la anyezi yekha munthu amatha kuthandiza masamba ambiri. Zoona, bamboyu akadali kutali ndi chigonjetso chonse pa anyezi a masoka.
Matenda achilendo
Pafupifupi makumi asanu a tizilombo tosiyanasiyana, bowa ndi tizilombo toononga tizilombo timayang'anizana ndi uta. Ndipo ogwirizana a magulu oipawa ndi madontho, nthaka ndi dothi, komanso nthaka ya supersaturated manyowa ndi feteleza amchere amchere. Iwo amakhala enieni enieni ndi magwero a matenda a anyezi.
Mmodzi wothandizira kwambiri matenda omwe masambawa amawoneka ndi mababu omwe amamera pansi.
Pakati pa matenda ambiri omwe masamba ambiri amadwala nawo, tizilombo toyambitsa matenda ndi bowa tawonetsedwa kuti ndife osayenerera mwa mawonekedwe a:
- downy mildew, kapena perinospora;
- khosi kuvunda;
- zowawa;
- chowunikira;
- bakiteriya zowola;
- Fusarium;
- nkhungu yakuda;
- dzimbiri la anyezi.
Phunzirani momwe mungakonzekerere chithandizo chamankhwala, kubzala anyezi pa nyengo yozizira ndi masika, momwe mungamere kuchokera kumbewu, momwe mungadyetse, momwe mungadyetse, chifukwa chiyani anyezi amasanduka chikasu, chochita ndi mivi, pamene kuchotsa anyezi kuchokera pamabedi, kukonzekera nyengo yozizira, momwe mungasungire.
Downy mildew
Nkhondoyi, yomwe imatchedwanso peronospora, imatchulidwa kuti ndi matenda owopsa kwambiri a anyezi omwe amachitidwa ndi bowa, choyamba cholembedwa ku England pakati pa zaka za m'ma 1900. Bowa limapangitsa mtundu wonse wa anyezi, komanso kuyesetsa kwa obereketsa kuti adzalandire masamba osiyanasiyana omwe sangatetezedwe ndi matendawa, kufikira atapambana.
Matendawa amayamba kufalikira ku zomera zomwe zimakhudzidwa ndi bowa. Asayansi apeza kuti m'miyezi imodzi ndi theka kapena miyezi iŵiri, chomera chimodzi chikhoza kufalitsa kachilomboka mkati mwa makilomita awiri.
Koma sikuti kokha anyezi akukula amamenya bowa wonyenga. Zosungika chifukwa cha izo mu nkhokwe za masamba zimapindula 60% mwa mababu onse kumeneko.
Pa mabedi, peronosporosis imafika mofulumira kwambiri ndipo mu masabata awiri amatha kugunda mbewu yonse ya zomera. 
Kunja, matendawa amawoneka ngati mabala obiriwira a bulauni, omwe amakula mofulumira ndi kutembenukira ku chikasu, kenako amawoneka ofiira, kenako amatha kugwidwa ndi necrosis ndikuyamba kufa.
Polimbana ndi matendawa njira zothandizira kwambiri. Ndipo choyamba pa minda, nkofunikira kusinthanitsa ndi kulima ndiwo zamasamba, kupewa kupezanso kubzala anyezi pamalo omwewo.
Ndikofunika kwambiri kuyandikira masankhidwe a anyezi, ma disinfection, komanso kusamalidwa bwino kwa mabedi.
Kuonjezera kukana kwa anyezi ku zowawa za tizilombo toza, zimathandiza m'chaka ndi kuyamba kwa zomera zamasamba kupanga feteleza a nayitrogeni, ndipo patapita masabata awiri - phosphate ndi potashi zowonjezerapo.
Mukudziwa? Anyezi ali ndi shuga kwambiri kuposa mapeyala okoma kwambiri komanso maapulo. Zomwe zili mu masamba ndi 6% ya misala yonse ya anyezi.
Khola zowola
Zowopsa kwambiri, makamaka nthawi yosungirako, matenda a anyezi amatchedwanso imvi zowola, zomwe zimasonyeza mtundu wa minofu ya masamba pakati pa mamba. Matendawa amayamba atatha kusonkhanitsa mababu, koma amapezeka m'munda.
Chikhalidwe chachikulu cha kugawa kwake - mtundu uliwonse wa kuwonongeka pa khosi la babu, ndiko kuti, pamalo komwe babu amakhala masamba. Kupyolera mu zowonongekazi, bowa limalowa mkati mwa zitsulo za anyezi ndipo zimakhudza izo.
Sizingatheke kuchiza matendawa, choncho alimi akulima amayesetsa kupewa matendawa. Pochita izi, kukolola anyezi ndi anyezi zimakhazikika bwino. Kuonjezerapo, maselo anyezi ndiwonso amatetezedwa ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, ndipo mabedi amafunika kuti anyezi asungidwe.
Anyezi amamenyana ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana - Indian, shallot, sevok, yokongola, leek, batun, chives, anyezi, slyzun, exibichen, dzhusay, wofiira, wambirimbiri, osatha - ndipo aliyense akhoza kupindula thupi la munthu.
Black nkhungu kuvunda
Kuukira kwa nkhungu yakuda nkhungu, yomwe imatchedwanso anyezi aspergillosis, imagonjetsedwa ndi masamba kusungirako, pamene palibe mpweya wabwino komanso kutentha kwakukulu. Zotsatira zake, mababu amakhala ofewa, ndipo mamba, m'malo mwake, imalira. Patapita nthawi, mdima wakuda ukuoneka pakati pa mamba.
Matendawa amanyamulidwa ndi mpweya kapena amachokera ku babu kupita ku babu. Choyamba, chakuda chakuda chakuda kumayambitsa mababu osamera, komanso osayanika kapena kukhala ndi thosi lakuda.
Monga katetezedwe ka matenda, zimalimbikitsidwa kuti ziumire bwino zamasamba, zisungire m'chipinda chozizira ndikusungunula anyezi okha.
Green nkhungu kuvunda
Mtundu uwu wa kuvunda kwa nkhungu, wotchedwanso penicillosis, imatsogolera ku matenda a masamba makamaka pa nthawi yosungirako masamba. Zizindikiro zoyambirira za matendawa ndizomwe zimakhala zofiirira pansi pa mababu kapena pamakona awo akunja. Pakapita kanthawi, zitsulo za anyezi zimayamba kununkhira nkhungu, ndipo pansi pa mzere wouma, chitsulo chobiriwira chimayamba kuoneka.
Kukula kofulumira kwa matendawa kumayambika chifukwa cha mvula yambiri m'minda yosungiramo masamba, yomwe inkachitika panthawi yozizira masamba, komanso kuwonongeka kwa mitundu yonse.
Pofuna kupeŵa kufalikira kwa matendawa, masamba ayenera kuuma bwino, ndipo masiku asanu asanasungidwe, kusungirako kuyenera kutetezedwa ndi kutentha kwa sulfuric. 
Mukudziwa? Pofuna tomato, mbatata ndi mpendadzuwa zomwe zinatumizidwa ku America, Ulaya adabwezeretsa Dziko Latsopano ndi anyezi omwe analowetsamo. Amakhulupirira kuti kusinthana kunakhala kofanana.
Bakiteriya zowola
Matenda amtundu uwu amadziwika ngati babu akudulidwa. Kenaka amaonekera momveka bwino pakati pa miyeso yathanzi ya zigawo zingapo zofewa. Ndipo patapita nthawi masamba ndiwo amasungidwa, makamaka mawu amenewa amawonekera, ndipo pamapeto pake amawatha.
Ndipo tizilombo timanyamula tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, nkhuku ndi tizirombo tina.
Kuti muteteze ku izi, muyenera kumwa mankhwala a anyezi ndi toioni pogwiritsira ntchito "Khom", zomwe muyenera kutaya 40 g yokonzekera mu chidebe cha madzi ndikuyendetsa mabedi pamlingo wa lita imodzi yothetsera makilogalamu khumi. 
Fusarium
Matendawa amakhudza masamba onse m'minda ndi yosungirako. Zimadziwonetsera panthawi ya kukula kwa mbeu yomwe ikufota ndi kuwonongeka kwa masamba obiriwira, komanso nthawi yosungirako - mu pinking ndi kuchepetsanso pansi ndi mawonekedwe a zowola.
Phunzirani momwe mungadziwire ndikuchita ndi fusarium ya strawberries, nkhaka, tomato.Pofuna kupewa matendawa, m'pofunika kutsata ndondomeko ya kasinthasintha kwa mbeu, gwiritsani ntchito zowonongeka zokhazokha, pangani nyembazo ndi mkuwa sulphate musanabzala, mwamsanga musachotse zomera zowopsa kapena muzitsuka ndi "Khom" poyamba mawanga a masambawa.
Kutentha anyezi
Izi ndi matenda a fungal, koma zimakhudza masamba okha. Amayamba kuoneka ngati alanje-utoto wotupa, womwe umakhala wakuda. Masamba amatha kumapeto.
Phunzirani momwe mungapulumutsire zomera ndi dzimbiri.Kuphatikiza pa kasinthasintha kwa mbeu, zimalimbikitsa kutentha ma tepi anyezi kutentha kwa 40 ° C musanadzalemo kwa theka la tsiku kutentha kwa 40 ° C.
Ndizothandiza panthawi yachitsamba chochulukirapo cha zomera kuti chizitsuka ndi gawo limodzi la mankhwala a Bordeaux osakaniza.
Dziwani bwino malamulo a kusintha kwa mbewu.
Tizilombo
Mitundu yochepa ya tizilombo ndi bowa, tizilombo tosiyanasiyana tizilombo timayambitsa kukolola anyezi. Sikuti amafalitsa matendawa mofanana ndi bowawu, komanso amawunjikitsa mavuto akuluakulu kwa amalima okha.
Zina mwazoopsa kwambiri mwa tizirombozi nthawi zambiri zimatchedwa ntchentche anyezi, nsabwe za m'masamba ndi fodya.
Anyezi auluka
Monga dzina limatanthawuzira, tizilombo toyambitsa matendayi timagwiritsa ntchito masambawa. Mphutsi za ntchentche iyi, yomwe imayamba kutentha, imayamba kuyambitsa mababu a m'nthaka, ndizoopsa kwa masamba. Zingatheke kuzindikira kuti kuyambira kwa msampha uku, koma zotsatira zake zikuwoneka bwino: masamba akutsitsa mwamphamvu.
Pofuna kupewa ndi kuthetsa mliriwu mwa anthu amagwiritsira ntchito zida zotsimikiziridwa monga ulimi wothirira ndi madzi amchere, madzi ndi potaziyamu permanganate kapena kugwiritsa ntchito fumbi fodya. 
Shallot Aphid
Cholinga chachikulu cha kuukira kwa tizilomboti ndi anyezi anyezi. Aphidyi imakhala yotetezeka kwambiri m'mitengo ya greenhouses, ndipo imatchedwa dzina la shallot anyezi, komwe imadyetsa vuto linalake.
Aphid yotchedwa shallot makamaka ili pansi pa zipolopolo zakunja ndi masamba aang'ono. Kukhalapo kwa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda kungathe kudziŵika ndi kuphulika ndi kuphulika kwa masamba, komanso kupitiriza kuchepa kwa mbewu kukula.
Mtundu waukulu wopewa chiwopsezo cha aphid pa masamba zikuphatikizapo kubzala musanadzale mababu mumadzi otentha.
Kusuta fodya
Izi tizilombo timakonda mababu makamaka, koma sitizengereza kusiya masamba. M'nyengo yozizira, amabisala muyeso youma yosungirako ndikusungunula mobwerezabwereza nkhaniyo, komanso mkati mwa mpiru wa anyezi. Masamba okhudzidwa amakhala amdima, amawombera ndipo kenako amauma.
Ndikovuta kumenyana kwambiri, chifukwa si njira zonse zomwe zimakhudzidwira. Zoposa zonse zatsimikizira kuti mankhwalawa ndi "VDG" ndi "Aktar". 
Kupewa
Matenda ambiri a anyezi sangathe kuchiritsidwa, choncho, njira zothandizira kuti matenda asatuluke patsogolo pa alimi. Ndipo yoyamba mwawo ndi yoyenerera mbewu yoyendayenda.
Ndikofunikira! Ndibwino kuti muyambe anyezi pamalo omwewo osati kale kuposa zaka zinayi.Tomato ndi kabichi zimaonedwa kuti ndizozikonzekera bwino za anyezi, ndipo zimathandiza kupatula mabedi obzalidwa ndi mabedi ndi kaloti.
Poyamba, Bordeaux madzi, ndiko kuti, njira yothetsera mavitamini a buluu mu mkaka wa mandimu, ankaonedwa ngati njira yabwino kwambiri yotetezera masamba ku matenda ndi tizirombo. Izi zimagwiritsidwabe ntchito ndi anthu okhala m'nyengo ya chilimwe, koma m'minda yayikulu Bordeaux madzi pang'ono pang'onopang'ono amaloledwa ndi zinayi zomwe zimakhala ndi fungicides, zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito komanso zimakhala zofunikira kwambiri.
Ndiye njira zothetsera machitidwe monga mawonekedwe a Ordan, Revus, Quadris, Alirina-B, Bravo, ndi Switch, zomwe zimatetezedwa bwino poyambira imvi yovunda ndi powdery mildew, amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri.
Ndipo kuchokera ku nkhondo ya anyezi imateteza ndalama "flyer", yopangidwa ndi 5 g pa mita imodzi, ndi Zemlin, zomwe zimapanga 3 g pa mita imodzi ya bedi, komanso kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala "Tabazol" mwa kupopera mbewu 3 g palala mita
Ndikofunikira! Anyezi omwe amakula ndi nthenga saloledwa kuchitidwa ndi mankhwala ophera tizilombo.Njira zothandizira anthu, monga fodya, mwachitsanzo, sizinatayike mphamvu zawo zowononga ndipo zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi wamaluwa. Polimbana ndi owopsa kwambiri mildy mildew, msuzi wa fodya umathandiza bwino, womwe umakonzedwa motere:
- Mu malita 10 a madzi muyenera kutsanulira 400 g fodya.
- Kusakaniza kumaumirira masiku awiri.
- Ndiye wiritsani kwa maola awiri.
- Pambuyo pake, yankho liyenera kusankhidwa ndi kuchepetsedwa ndi malita khumi a madzi.
- Mu msuzi muyenera kuwonjezera pafupifupi 100 ml ya sopo.
- Kuyala kumapangidwa ndi decoction milungu iwiri iliyonse, kubwereza ndondomeko katatu kapena kanayi.
Matenda anyezi owonetsetsa komanso njira zothana nawo
Moona mtima, sindinathe kukwera mabedi, zitunda, ngakhale kuti ntchito zawo ndi zomveka. Pa mabedi amenewa, kuthirira madzi okwanira 10 malita / 1 mita - 1 nthawi pa sabata ndipo anyezi samakhala wothira, ndipo chinyontho chimasungidwa, ndipo nthaka imapuma bwino, mwachitsanzo, zochepa zolimbitsa matenda. Pachifukwachi, nthaka imamasulidwa kamodzi kamodzi pa milungu iwiri mpaka masentimita atatu.
Malangizo abwino kwambiri - anyezi a mulching ndi nthenga 2-3. Pamphepete kapena ayi, komabe, kuyamwa kumathandiza kwambiri kuteteza chinyezi ndi kuteteza namsongole kuti asakule, ali ndi udzu kapena udzu wabwino. Koma kachiwiri muyenera kuyang'ana zochitika. Ngati chilimwe chiri mvula, ndiye kuti sichifunika. Ndipo kwinakwake pakati pa July, mitu yaikulu ya anyezi iyenera kumasulidwa kunthaka, ndikofunikira kuti yakucha ndi kukula kwa mitu, ayenera "kuyang'ana" 1/3 -1/2 kuchokera m'nthaka. Ndipo mkatikati mwa August, pamene nthenga sizinapangidwe ndipo akunama, mukhoza kuyamba kuyeretsa anyezi.
Choncho, zomwe amalemba:
Nkhumba za nthenga ya anyezi zingasinthe chikasu chifukwa cha kusowa madzi okwanira. Ngati chirichonse chiri chachibadwa ndi kumwetsa ndi mvula, ndiye pakhoza kukhala zifukwa ziwiri: kusowa kwa zakudya zamtundu kapena anyezi othamanga. Chifukwa choyamba chingathetsedwe mwa kudyetsa zomera ndi feteleza yovuta kwambiri. Choipitsitsa, anyezi ndi adyo amavulazidwa ndi ntchentche anyezi. Onetsetsani kuti mutulutsa bulbu ndi nthenga yonyezimira kapena kukumba pansi pafupi ndi mphutsi zazing'ono. Ngati alipo, ndiye kuti ntchentche imayambira.
Zosankha zowomboledwa ndi izi. Sakanizani kapu ya mchere mu chidebe cha madzi khumi, onjezerani potaziyamu permanganate ku mtundu wa pinki, ndipo perekani pakati pa mizere ya anyezi, adyo, ndi kutsanulira pansi. Ngati izi sizikuthandizani, sungani supuni 2 za ammonia zamadzi mu chidebe cha madzi ndipo, pogwiritsira ntchito teknoloji yomweyo, pangani malo ozungulira zomera. Ngati simukukhutitsidwa ndi wina kapena mzake, ndiye gwiritsani ntchito urea.
Ineyo ndayesapo kale mafuta ndi mafuta ammonia, palibe chomwe chimathandiza. N'kutheka kuti ndichedwa kwambiri ... Zinali zoyenera kuti zichitike zonse kumayambiriro kwa masika.
