Dahlias - kubzala ndi kusamalira poyera

Dzinali lidaperekedwa polemekeza katswiri wazopeka, katswiri wazamankhwala ndi zojambula zam'madzi kuchokera ku St. Petersburg I. Georgi. Pali mitundu 13 yodziwika, yomwe imagawidwa mitundu 15,000. Chikhalidwechi chili ndi mawonekedwe a chitsamba ndipo chimadziwika ndi maluwa ambiri nthawi ya chilimwe. Kuti mupeze maluwa okongola a dahlias, kubzala ndi chisamaliro kuthengo kuyenera kupangidwa motsatira malamulo ena.

Makhalidwe a dahlias: mitundu ndi mitundu

Ndizotheka kugawa chikhalidwecho kukhala ma dahlias apachaka (obzalidwa m'maluwa kuti azikongoletsa ma verandas) ndi dahlias osatha (oyikidwa m'minda ndi maluwa mabedi). Gulu lililonse limakhala ndi zake zomwe zimagwirizana ndi chikhalidwe chodzala, mawonekedwe ndi chisamaliro.

Maluwa a dahlias

Tchire losatha limakhala lalitali komanso lopanda matalala. Amatha kukula m'malo amodzi kwa zaka zoposa ziwiri. Ana azaka chimodzi ali ndi mitundu yaying'ono (nthawi zambiri imakhala ngati udzu), amafesedwa ngati zokongoletsera kwakanthawi.

Mitundu yosiyanasiyana

Kusiyana kwina ndi mawonekedwe a maluwa, omwe amasankha magulu akuluakulu amitundu:

• Zosavuta - zimakhala ndi mzere woyamba wa petals ndi malo otseguka. Kunja amafanana ndi maluwa okongola. Mitundu ya base: Princess Marie Jose, Yellow Hammer, Orangeade.
• Mawonekedwe a anemone - okhala ndi mizere ingapo yam'mphepete ndi zamkati. Phatikizani mitundu monga Lucy, Vera Higgins, Comet.
• Collar - khalani ndi mzere umodzi wam'mphepete wam'mbuyo komanso mawonekedwe apangidwe, opindika. Zosiyanasiyana: La Gioconda, Chimborazo, Claire de Luna.
• Pion. Dzinalo limagwirizana kwathunthu ndi mawonekedwe. Mitundu yotchuka kwambiri ndi iyi: Symphonia ndi Fascination.
• Gulu lokongoletsa - loyimiriridwa ndi mitundu David Howard, Thames Valley, Jocondo.
• Spherical - Crichton Honey, Doreen Hayes ndi Esmondе.
• Ma pompom - amasiyana mumitundu yosiyanasiyana, pakati pawo sipangokhala tint yamtambo yokha. Zosiyanasiyana: Hallmark, Willo's Violet ndi Noreen.
• Cactus - Pitani, Danny, Pirouette, Tsiku la Doris.
• Semi-Cactus - Mtundu Wotchi, White Swallow, Nantenan, Autumn Fire.
• Nymphaea - amatchedwanso lotus chifukwa chofanana ndi duwa la dzina lomweli. Mitundu yayikulu: Geri Hawk, Genetta ndi Brushstrokes.

Mitundu ya pachaka

Gulu losakanizikirana limakhala ndi mitundu yayikulu kwambiri.

Kubzala chomera

Dahlias, kubzala ndi kusamalira komwe kumachitika molingana ndi njira yosavuta, pachimake pafupifupi chilimwe chonse mpaka kumapeto kwa nthawi yophukira. Kuti mupeze ziphuphu zamitundu, ndikofunikira kubzala maluwa moyenera.

Kubzala mbewu

Mbeu zobzalidwa makamaka dahlia pachaka. Chomera chamtunduwu chimakhala ndi maonekedwe abwino a mlengalenga. Thunthu lake limafika kutalika kwa 30 mpaka 40 cm. Zophatikiza zotere zimaphukira kwambiri komanso kwa nthawi yayitali, ndizoyenera kumera maluwa.

Kumera kwa mbeu

Momwe mungabzalire dahlias ndi njere:

1. Kusankhidwa kwa malo. Chikhalidwe ndichokonda dzuwa, motero muyenera kuyiyika pamalo otseguka.
2. Kubzala kumachitika mu Meyi. Chomera chimakonda kutentha, chifukwa chake muyenera kuyang'ana nyengo.
3. Kukonza malo. Ndikofunika kusankha dothi lonyowa. Nthaka yokhala ndi acidic kapena yosalowerera ndale. Choyamba muyenera kupanga feteleza ndi manyowa.
4. Kuthira mbewu. Ayenera kunyowa mu njira yothanirana ndi fangayi kuti ateteze ku matenda ndi kuwola.
5. Pamalo athyathyathya, pangani ma grooves 2-3 cm mwakuya kutalika kwa 30-40 cm kuchokera kwa wina ndi mnzake.
6. Fesani njere m'mphepete mwa poyambira patali masentimita 30 mpaka 40. Finyani zinthu zobzala ndi dothi ndikutsanulira.
7. Kuti muchepetse kumera, bedi liyenera kuphimbidwa ndi filimu kapena galasi. Pomwe mphukira zoyambirira zikuwonekera mkati mwa masabata 2-3, malo ogona amachotsedwa.

Anabzala mbande

Mukabzala mbewu mchidebe, ma algorithm amachitidwe ndi omwewo. Zowona, chizindikirocho chimatha kuyamba m'mwezi wa Marichi-Epulo, kumera kudzachitika mu wowonjezera kutentha kapena m'nyumba.

Kubzala mbande

Mukabzala mbande, muyenera kusankha malo okhala ndi dzuwa, koma otetezedwa ku zojambula ndi mphepo. Nthaka iyenera kuthiridwa manyowa kale ndikumasulidwa. Nthambi zimabzalidwa kumapeto kwa Meyi kapena koyambirira kwa June.

Ntchito yodzala mbande:

1. Konzani zitsime. Kuya ndi kupingasa kuyenera kufanana ndi kukula kwa mizu ya mmera. Mtunda pakati pa zopondera uyenera kupangidwa osachepera 40 cm.
2. Ikani zikumera paliponse ndikudontha kotero kuti khosi la muzu limakonkhedwa ndi nthaka 3-5 cm.
3. Madzi ambiri.
4. Valani ndi filimu mpaka kutentha usiku kusathenso pansi pa 10 ° C.

Mbande poyera

Maluwa amakula msanga, chifukwa chake muyenera kuyang'anira nthawi zonse filimuyo. Kupanda kutero, mitengo ikuluikuluyo ndi yopunduka ndipo imakhalapo molumikizana ndi nthaka.

Kuthirira ndikumasulira nthaka

Mutabzala, kusamalira dahlias kumaphatikizapo kuthirira mbewu ndikumasula nthaka. Momwe mungachite bwino:

1. Gawo lam'mwambalo likakhala ndi kutalika kwa masentimita 10-12, ndikofunikira kuchita ndalamayo. Kuzungulira thunthu kuti lipange phiri. Izi zingathandize kuzika mizu polola mphukira zochulukirapo.
2. Kutsirira kumachitika kamodzi pa sabata, chifukwa chikhalidwecho sichitha chilala. Nthaka iyenera kunyowa 30 cm. Kuyambira pakati pa Ogasiti, ulimi wothamangitsa umayima.
3. Mukatha kuthirira, muyenera kusintha chitunda mozungulira thunthu ndi kumasula dothi mdzenjemo. Izi zithandiza kuteteza mizu kuti isawonongeke komanso kuonetsetsa kuti mpweya wabwino ukuyenda bwino.

Kuthirira mbewu

Kuti nthaka isayime, mutha kuyika mulch mu dzenje. Koma musatengeke - wosanjikiza ayenera kukhala ochepa. Nthawi ndi nthawi, muyenera kuchotsa mulch kuti mpweya wabwino ndi kumasula nthaka.

Kuphatikiza pa kuthirira ndi kusamalira dothi, kapangidwe kazinthu zothandizira tchire ndikofunikira. Maziko a leash amathamangitsidwira pansi mukabzala mbande. Musaiwale za kudulira nthambi ndi masamba owonjezera.

Njira zolerera

Dahlia amatha kubereka m'njira zisanu. Njira iliyonse imakhala ndi zabwino komanso zoyipa, ndipo zina sizimagwiritsidwa ntchito. Njira zofalitsira kulima:

• Gawo la tubers. Njira yosavuta, yomwe ingapulumutse makhalidwe onse a chitsamba. Mu yophukira, muyenera kuchotsa ma tubers pansi, kuchapa, kuchotsa mizu yakufa ndikulekanitsa tubers ndi manja anu. Tuber iliyonse chifukwa cha magawidwe iyenera kukhala ndi impso ziwiri.
• Katemera si mtundu wa pafupipafupi, koma wogwira mtima kwambiri. Mu tuber yakale, pangani dzenje mu mawonekedwe a conical. Lembetsani ndi kuyikapo supuni ya dahlias yabwino mu tuber. Kukulani malo olumikizirana ndi thonje. Bzalani katemera pansi.
• Kufesa mbewu. Njira yobadwirayi imakupatsani mwayi woti muthe chomera chatsopano (cha amayi sichinasungidwe). Maluwa atayamba kuzimiririka, muyenera kudula ndikumauma mchipindacho. Chotsatira ndi chopereka chodzala ndi kutengera zinthu mpaka masika.
• Kudula. Njirayi imapangitsa kuti zitheke kupeza mbewu zolimba zomwe zimagwirizana ndi matenda. Kumayambiriro kwa Marichi, wathanzi tubers obzalidwa m'bokosi. Kutsirira koyenera ndi chisamaliro. Mizu ikakula, phesi limawonekera. Pambuyo kuwonekera kwa 2-3 internodes pa chida, ikhoza kudulidwa. Ikani chophukacho mu chidebe chamchenga.
• Mikangano imapereka mwayi wopeza mitundu yatsopano. Dulani nthambi yamaluwa ndikubzala mumphika wina. Pang'onopang'ono muchepetse kuthirira ndikulola kuti nthambiyo iume. Kwa nthawi yozizira, ikani chidebe m'chipindacho ndi kutentha kwa 6 ° C. Chapakatikati, yambitsiraninso kuthirira kuti mubzale chitsamba poyera kale mu Meyi.

Njira zolerera

Chifukwa cha mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya kuswana, mutha kupeza osati tambiri tambiri, komanso mitundu yatsopano.

Feteleza ndi feteleza

Kuti chitsamba chizimera kwambiri komanso kuti chisawonongedwe ndi tizirombo, munthawi yakula muyenera kupanga zovala zapamwamba nthawi zina. Chitani njirazi osachepera 2 pamwezi. Kuti chomera chilandire zinthu zonse zofunika, kugwiritsa ntchito feteleza ndi michere ya michere kuyenera kusinthidwa.

Monga feteleza wachilengedwe amagwiritsa ntchito kulowetsedwa kwa mullein, manyowa a nkhuku, ammonium nitrate. Tchire limakula ngati, pakaphuka masamba awiri woyamba, ma superphosphates kapena feteleza wa potashi akuwonjezeredwa. Komanso, mphukira zimafunika kubzalidwe m'nthaka yophatikiza bwino. Ndikofunika kuti musamachulukitse feteleza, kuti musawononge duwa.

Thirani mbewu

Muyenera kuuchotsa chomera chilichonse zaka zitatu kapena kuchotsa dothi mdzenjemo. Izi zithandiza kuteteza mbewu ku matenda ndi tizilombo toononga. Nthawi yabwino njirayi ndi masika. Dongosolo la mizu silinadutse gawo lakukula mwachangu, chifukwa chake, mavuto a mizu sadzagwere mtsogolo.

Pazitsulo zofunika:

1. Kukula tuber, kuchiza mizu.
2. Zilowerereka ndikuzisintha mu antiseptic kapena kutsuka kuchokera ku dothi lakale.
3. Pitani kudzenje latsopano ndi kukapumira.
4. Thirirani mbewu zovekerazo.

Thirani mbewu

Kudulira Dahlia

Kuti mukhale ndi maluwa akuluakulu owoneka bwino pa tchire, simuyenera kusamalira pakudya, komanso kupanga chitsamba. Kubzala ndi njira yabwino koposa:

• Zotsalira zitatu ndizosiyidwa kuthengo.
• Pa mapesi a maluwa, masamba owonjezera amang'ambika, ndikungosiya 1-2.
• Masamba opukutidwa ndi kuzimiririka amachotsedwanso.
• Mumitundu yayitali, nthambi zammbali zimadulidwanso.

Kapangidwe kazitsamba kamapitilira nyengo yonse yachilimwe, kuyambira pomwe mitengoyo imangobwera mpaka nthawi yophukira. Kuphatikiza apo, tchire ziyenera kumangirizidwa ndikukhazikika kuchirikizo.

Tizilombo ndi matenda

Kusamalidwa moyenera, kuthirira munthawi yake ndikovala pamwamba kumalepheretsa tizirombo, koma nthawi zina amapitilira mbewuyo. Nthawi zambiri, dimba lomwe limakhala ndi maluwa lotere limayendera ndi ma slgs ndi masikono.

Kuteteza tchire pamasiku otentha, iwo amalavulidwa ndi kukonzekera kwachilengedwe. Izi zikuthandizira kupulumutsa masamba ndi maluwa ku mbozi, kupindika, nkhupakupa.

Mavuto a masamba

Kwambiri, aphid amavutitsa dahlias, yomwe imakhazikika m'miyala yamasamba, yomwe ili pamiyala ndi kumbuyo kwa tsamba. Mutha kudzipulumutsa nokha ku tizilombo pokhapokha mutagwiritsa ntchito sopo wothira sopo.

Nthawi yamaluwa ndi chisamaliro nthawi imeneyi

Maluwa a Dahlia samangokhala okongola, komanso ovuta. Nthawi yamaluwa, mmera umafunika chisamaliro chapadera.

Momwe mungasamalire dahlias nthawi yamaluwa:

• Onjezerani kuchuluka kwa kuthirira.
• Chotsani masamba opukutira ndi masamba owuma.
• Chotsani masamba owonjezera pa burashi wamaluwa.
• Manyowa ndi feteleza wachilengedwe.

Chikhalidwe cha maluwa

Zosowa zina zimatha kubwera chifukwa cha mitundu.

Kukonzekera yozizira

Mu Seputembala, zimayambira zimayamba kuzimiririka, ndipo pambuyo poyamba zipatso zisintha mtundu. Ino ndiye nthawi yabwino kuyeretsa.

Kukonzekera duwa lanyengo yachisanu, muyenera:

1. Dulani zimayambira. Dulani muzu.
2. Chotsani dothi lochulukirapo ku tubers, muzitsuka ndikutsitsa kukhala njira ya potaziyamu ya maminiti 30.
3. Pezani njira zoyeserera ndi kuzidula. Finyani magawo okhala ndi mpweya wa activation.
4. Pukutirani ma tubers ndikuwayika m'mabokosi amitengo. Ikani mbewuyo m'chipinda momwe kutentha sikudutsa 10 ° C.
5. Ngati nthawi yozizira imakhala yoopsa, ndiye kuti mizu imatsalira m'chipinda chimodzi. Ngati chisanu sichiri chachikulu, ndiye kuti mutha kutulutsa mabokosi m'chipinda chapansi pa nyumba kapena nyumba.

Tuber yosungirako

Ngati mphukira zikuwonekera pamizu, muyenera kudziwa momwe mungasungire nthangala za dahlia musanabzike. Kuti muchite izi, dzazani utuchi mu bokosi ndikuphimba chidebe ndi nsalu.

Gwiritsani ntchito kapangidwe kake

Dahlia - maluwa ndi okongola kwambiri komanso owala, motero amagwiritsidwa ntchito mosamala popanga mawonekedwe. Maluwa amabzala pamabedi amaluwa, amapanga mabedi a maluwa kuchokera kwa iwo, ndipo amagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga hedge.

Kugwiritsa ntchito pamtunda

Chikhalidwechi ndichabwino kuphatikiza ndi maluwa ndi zitsamba zilizonse zazikulire kwambiri. Mitundu ya pachaka itha kubzalidwe m'maluwa amakongoletsa magawo ndi malo otseguka. Chifukwa chake nyumbayo ili ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana, yomwe idzasintha kuyambira pakati pa chilimwe mpaka kumapeto kwa Seputembara.

Chitsamba chokongola cha dahlias

Kulima kwa dahlias, komanso kubereka - njirazi ndizosavuta. Chikhalidwechi chimakhala chosazindikira kwambiri komanso chosinthira mulingo uliwonse. Koma pofuna kukwaniritsa maluwa okongola, mmera umafunikira kulipira kwambiri: kudyetsa, kuthirira ndi madzi.