Basil ndi chomera chodziwika ndi chokondedwa chomwe chimakula ndi ambiri m'nyumba za chilimwe ndi minda komanso kunyumba. Komabe, zokoma zokoma za basil sizikondedwa kwa anthu okha, komanso kwa mitundu yonse ya tizilombo toyambitsa matenda. Zodziwika kuti zimabzala ndi matenda.
M'nkhani ino, tiwone matenda omwe amatha kuchitika kwa basil, ndikuuzeni momwe mungawalamulire, ndikuuzeni chifukwa chake masambawa amatembenukira chikasu, kupiringa ndi kouma, ndi choti achite pa nkhaniyi.
Matenda odzala ambiri
Zina mwa matenda a zomera nthawi zambiri pali yellowing, kupotoza ndi kutaya masamba, matenda a fungal monga fusarium, wakuda mwendo, imvi zovunda. Tiyeni tione mwatsatanetsatane matenda onse.
- Masamba achikasu. Masamba a mtundu wina wobiriwira ndi obiriwira amasintha mtundu wa chikasu. N'zosatheka kusazindikira. Masamba angapangidwe chikasu chifukwa cha kuwonongeka kwa nthaka ndi kulephera kwa mphika. Yankho: Kudyetsa nthaka, ndi kuziika bwino m'phika lina.
- Kupukuta mbale ya pepala. Masamba akuwongolera mkati, osasintha mtundu. Masamba akhoza kupiringizidwa chifukwa cha mtundu wa zosiyanasiyana. Makamaka zokhotakhota masamba zimapezeka pakati pa mitundu yayikulu yosiyidwa. Komanso, masamba owongoka amapezeka pamene nthaka imakhala yonyowa kwambiri. Kusintha mkhalidwe kumafuna kuchepa kwa ulimi wothirira.
- Kugwa kwa Leaf. N'zosavuta kuona ngati pali kufalikira kwa masamba owuma pafupi ndi duwa. Masamba owuma ndi kutha nthawi zambiri chifukwa cha kusowa kwa chinyezi. Yankho lake ndi lodziwikiratu: madzi nthawi zambiri.
- Matenda a fungal:
- Msolo wakuda. Zimakhudza tsinde la mbeu pafupi ndi rhizome. N'zosavuta kuzindikira, monga malo omwe adasankhidwa amdima ndipo kenako amakhala otsika, akugwa. Wothandizira pa mimba yakuda ndi bowa omwe ali m'nthaka iliyonse. Msolo wakuda umachitika pamene acidity ya nthaka ikuwonjezeka ndi wothirira madzi okwanira. Chotsani chomeracho mwamsanga. Ikani madzi pa rasipiberi yodzaza ndi mankhwala a potaziyamu permanganate. Pakapita nthawi, kugonjetsedwa kwa gulu la zomera, Topaz kapena Fitosporin zingagwiritsidwe ntchito.
- Fusarium Zimakhudza masamba, pali zovuta zambiri, nthawi zina zimakhala zakuda. Mapepala akhoza kutembenuzira wakuda, kupiringa. Wothandizira causative ndi fuzaria bowa. Pang'onopang'ono, matendawa amachititsa kuti tsinde likhale lakuda, ndipo zomera zonse zimasintha, zimawoneka zouma. Fusarium imapezeka chifukwa cha kutentha kwa mpweya ndi kutentha kwapamwamba. Pachizindikiro choyamba cha anyezi kulowetsedwa amakhudza bwino ndi matenda. Husk anathira madzi otentha mu chiŵerengero cha 1 mpaka 4 ndipo anaumiriza tsiku. Dulani zomera zomwe zakhudzidwa ndi yankho.
- Grey kuvunda. Zikuwonekera kuchokera ku bowa Botrytis cinerea ndipo zimayambitsa matenda a m'munsi mwa masamba. Zimayamba ndi maonekedwe a masamba oundana pamasamba, ndipo zimathera ndi mapangidwe a nkhungu zakuda, zomwe n'zovuta kuziwona.
Grey kuvunda kawirikawiri amawonekera ku greenhouses ndi greenhouses chifukwa cha kukhalapo kwa condensate, chotsalira chomera, ndi kuchepetsa chinyezi chimene bowa ndi causative wothandizila.
Ndikofunika. Choyamba, nkofunika kulimbana ndi imvi yovunda: Musamabzalitse mbeu pamalo omwewo, musamalidwe mbeu musanasambe potaziyamu permanganate, kuti musamangidwe mumadzi, komanso kuti musamadziwe bwino.
Tizilombo ndi kulamulira kwa iwo
Aphid
Ogulitsa mobwerezabwereza wa basil, kupatula munthu, ndi aphid wamba. Kumvetsetsa kuti chomera ndi chonyansa chotero chingathandize maonekedwe a basil. Chomera chokhazikikacho chimachoka masamba, tsinde silikula. Izi zimachitika chifukwa aphid imamwa juzi. Zina mwazinthu, aphid masamba pambuyo shuga, yomwe ndi yabwino sing'anga kukula kwa bowa.
Nsabwe za m'masamba sizolingalira zowawa za chitsamba chowawa, tsabola wowawa, anyezi, dandelion, yarrow, adyo, phwetekere ndi mbatata mbatata, ndi mpiru. Ikusinthidwa pafupi katatu ndi nthawi ya masiku 7-12.
Munda wa famu
Bugulu la munda, ngati aphid, limakonda kudya pa madzi a basil. Ikhozanso kupezeka maonekedwe: masamba ali opunduka, mawanga oyera amaoneka pamwamba. Patapita nthawi, mawangawo amdima. Njira zothana ndi tizilomboti ndizofanana ndi njira zothetsa nsabwe za m'masamba.
Slugs
Slugs amakonda kudya pa mphukira zazing'ono. Iwo amatha kuwoneka ndi maso. Izi ndi zolengedwa zochepetseka zomwe zimawoneka ngati zing'onoting'ono zopanda chipolopolo. Slugs musalekerere khofi yakugona. Mutha kuzifalitsa pamtunda. Njira zothandizira kulimbana ndi laimu. Limu imachita mopweteka pa slugs, ndiyo njira yowopsya kwambiri. Choyamba, khungu lapamwamba la khungu limachoka, ndipo pa tsiku lachiwiri iwo amamwalira. Ndiponso slugs ali ndi adani achilengedwe: mapepala ndi zikhomo.
Mbozi yotentha yozizira
Mbalame za nyengo yozizira zimawoneka pafupi ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya maluwa. Ziwombankhanga zimamera kwa iwo, ndipo mbozi siziganizira kudya masamba atsopano. Mukhoza kumasula nthaka kuti iwonongeke kuyika kwa mbozi. Kupopera mankhwala opangira chowawa kumathandizanso.
Khrushchi
Hruschi nthawi zambiri amagwiritsa ntchito mizu ya zomera. Amakhala mu nthaka mozama masentimita 15 ndipo amadya mizu ya pafupifupi chirichonse chomwe chimakula.
Ndikofunikira! Khrushchi ndi mphutsi za beetle, koma nthawi zambiri zimasokonezeka ndi mphutsi zamkuwa za kachilomboka. Zachiwirizo zalembedwa mu Bukhu Loyera ndipo zimabweretsa phindu lokha kwa zomera, chifukwa zimasandutsa dziko lapansi kukhala humus.
Njira yabwino kwambiri yopunthira ndi kukumba kwapansi dziko lapansi ndi kuwonongeka kwa mawonekedwe.
Zikuwoneka ngati Khrushchi:
Njira zothandizira
Inde Ndizosatheka kuteteza munda ku matenda ndi tizilombo toononga, koma mukhoza kuyesa kuchepetsa kutaya:
- Kamodzi pa sabata, yambani nthaka ndi phulusa la mitengo yowonongeka.
- Samasulani nthaka.
- Chaka chilichonse, musanadzalemo, muzikumba pansi.
- Perekani mpweya wabwino kwa zomera.
- Madzi okwanira.
- Chotsani zomera zakupha mwamsanga.
M'nkhaniyi tinayesetsa kusonkhanitsa zipangizo zofunika kwambiri komanso zothandiza pa matenda ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, komanso njira zopewera ndi mankhwala. Tikukhulupirira kuti owerenga apeza mfundo zofunika komanso basil wake adzakula bwino ndi chokoma!
