Maluwa okongola ndi masamba ojambulidwa amitundu ya begonias amatha kukondweretsa diso chaka chonse, chifukwa izi ndizofunikira kupanga malo abwino a zomera. Chimodzi mwa mfundo zazikulu pa kulima begonias ndi kusankha mphika wabwino ndi nthaka panthawi yobzala. Nkhaniyi ikukuuzani za miyambo ya begonia, nthaka yomwe ikufunika kuti ikule ndi maluwa, malamulo owetsera madzi, ndondomeko ya kuzizira ndi mtundu wa mphika umene ukufunika kuti ukhale ndi maluwa komanso momwe ungasankhire.
Mazu a mizu amadziwika
Malingana ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya begonias, mizu yake imatha kupanga tubers, rhizomes, kapena kawirikawiri nthambi ya mizu. Mulimonsemo, kukula kwa mizu sikumayambira pansi pa nthaka, koma m'kati mwake, kufanana ndi pamwamba pake.
Mzu wa begonias ndi wofatsa kwambiri, umakhala wovulazidwa mosavuta, choncho muyenera kusamala kwambiri mukamawombera. Ndikofunika kuteteza kusungunuka kwa chinyezi mu gawo lapansi, pamene izi zimayambitsa kuwonongeka, izi ndizoopsa kwambiri m'nyengo yozizira, pamene kutentha kwa mpweya kumagwa kwambiri (momwe mungasunge begonia m'nyengo yozizira?).
- Kodi ndi chakudya chotani ku fedonia? Mwamunayo amalamulira ntchito ya feteleza.
- Kodi mungasamalire bwanji begonia kumapeto kwa kugula kwanu?
- Kodi begonia ikukula mu mphika ikufunika chiyani? Malamulo a kusamalira duwa likukula m'nyumba.
- Kodi mungamange bwanji munda wa begonia kumunda?
Kodi nthaka ikufunika chiyani?
Chitsulo choyendera bwino chotchedwa Begonia ndi gawo lochepa la zakudya. Nthaka yapadera, yabwino kwambiri kukula kwa begonias, ikhoza kugulidwa pafupifupi pafupi iliyonse maluwa. Ngati mukufuna, maumboni abwino angapangidwe okha, pali maphikidwe angapo:
- mchenga, nthaka ndi tsamba lapansi mu chiĊµerengero cha 2: 1: 2 (izi zikugwirizana bwino ndi tuberous begonia);
- gawo limodzi la nthaka ndi magawo awiri a peat, humus ndi nthaka yochuluka (zosankha, zoyenera kwambiri pa zofunikira za royal begonia);
- Gawo limodzi la mchenga, humus ndi peat ndi mbali ziwiri za masamba (gawo la royal begonia).
Ndikofunikira! Ngati gawolo likusakanizidwa pamanja, liyenera kuyamirizidwa musanadzalemo. Izi zidzakuthandizani kupewa kugonjetsedwa kwa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda.
Kusamba malamulo
Kuthirira begonias kuyenera kusinthidwa malingana ndi nthawi ya chaka (mmene mungamere bwino, madzi ndi kusamalira begonia kuti iwononge kwambiri, werengani pano). Malangizo othandiza. M'chaka, chilimwe ndi oyambirira kugwa, chomera chimafuna kwambiri chinyezi 2-3 pa sabata, kuyambira October-November ayenera kuchepetsedwa 2-3 pa mwezi.
Madzi ayenera kukhala kutentha, kutetezedwa bwino. (osachepera masana), opanda zopanda pake. Ndikofunika kuonetsetsa kuti kuthirira madzi ambiri sungapangire poto.
Ngakhale kuti chomeracho chimafuna kutentha kwambiri (60-80%), sikoyenera kutulutsa ndi kusakaniza masamba, chifukwa izi zimayambitsa matenda osiyanasiyana, monga powdery mildew.
Kuonjezera chinyezi cha mlengalenga ndibwino kugwiritsa ntchito zipangizo zamakono.Pachifukwa ichi poto ndi begonia ikhoza kuikidwa mu thireyi ndi dothi lonyowa ndi kuwonjezera madzi pamene ikuphulika.
Kodi mphika uti uyenera?
Mukamabzala begonias, makondomu ayenera kuperekedwa kwa miphika yotsika kwambiri, yomwe imatalika kutalika kwake ndi masentimita angapo. Chikhalidwechi chikugwirizana ndi zenizeni za mapangidwe a mizu, yomwe imakonda kukula. Mpangidwe uwu wa mphika umathandizanso kuti gawolo likhale lopuma mpweya ndikupereka mizu ndi oxygen yochuluka.
Sankhani kukula koyenera
Mu mphika uti mumabzala chomera china? Chomera choyamba cha begonia wachinyamata chimakula kuchokera kudula kapena tsamba sayenera kupitirira kuposa masentimita asanu ndi limodzi (5-6 cm). Pafupifupi theka la chaka, pamene chomeracho chimakhazikika, chingathe kuikidwa mu mphika waukulu kwambiri wokhala ndi masentimita 10 mpaka 10-12. Kuwonjezeredwa kwina kumachitidwa ngati pakufunika. (koma kamodzi kamodzi kalikonse zaka 2-3), ndi mphamvu iliyonse yotsatira iyenera kukhala imodzi mwa magawo atatu kuposa kale.
Kukonzekera kwa matanki
Choyamba, mphika uyenera kutsukidwa bwino ndi kutetezedwa ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, chifukwa chaichi, njira yothetsera potassium permanganate ingagwiritsidwe ntchito, mankhwalawa amatsimikizira kuti palibe tizilombo toyambitsa matenda ndipo tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tizilombo toyambitsa matenda.
Kuti asunge malo oyenera a chinyezi, Ndikofunika kuti padzakhala mabowo ambiri mumphika, musaiwale zazitsulo zosanjikiza, zomwe ziyenera kudzaza pafupifupi kotala ya mphika wokwanira.
Kodi chodzala chomera?
Mosasamala kanthu kuti ndi funso la chodzala choyamba cha chomera chaching'ono kapena chokonzekera chokonzekera cha munthu wamkulu kale, nkofunika kusamalira ndi kutsatira malamulo ena:
- Ikani zosanjikiza (mwachitsanzo, dothi lowonjezera) mu chidebe chokonzekera chodzala.
Masentimita 1-2 masentimita akhoza kuikidwa pamwamba pa madzi osanjikiza, omwe amapereka chitetezo chowonjezereka ku mizu motsutsana ndi chinyezi.
- Kenaka, tsitsani kachigawo kakang'ono ka gawo lapansi (kuchuluka kwake kumatsimikiziridwa molingana ndi kuchuluka kwake kwa thanki ndi kukula kwa chomera choikidwa).
- Chotsani begonia mwamsanga pamphika wakale. Ngati n'zosavuta kuchotsa maluwa, sizimayenda bwino, kuti asawononge mphukira ndi mizu, mukhoza kuika mphika mu chidebe ndi kutentha kwa madzi kwa kanthawi. Pambuyo pa mphindi 15-20, gawoli lidzayamwa chinyezi ndipo zidzakhala zosavuta kumasula begonia mu mphika.
- Poyesera kusokoneza mizu, chotsani kuchuluka kwa gawo lakale ndikuika begonia pakatikati pa mphika watsopano.
- Dulani maluwa mu bwalo ndi nthaka, osati priminaya ndipo osapunthwa, kuti pamphepete mwa mphika akhalebe pafupi masentimita 1.
- Ufulu kutsanulira. Ngati ndi kotheka, onjezerani kachigawo kakang'ono ka gawo lapansi, chifukwa cha kuthirira kungathe.
Chenjerani! Pobwezeretsa mizu yoonongeka ndi kufulumizitsa ndondomeko ya kusintha kwa mbeu pamene mutabzala, mukhoza kuthirira ndi yankho la mizu kapena succinic acid. Kuthira feteleza m'miyezi yoyamba kutuluka sikukuthandizidwa.
Zambiri zokhudza m'mene mungadyetse begonia, mungapeze apa.
Tikukupemphani kuti muwonere kanema momwe mungapangire begonia:
Chithunzi cha maluwa amkati
Ndiye inu mukhoza kuwona chimene begonia akuwoneka ngati mu mphika mu chithunzi.
Nchifukwa chiyani kuli kofunikira kusankha ufulu woyendetsa?
- Kukula. Monga tanenera poyamba, mphika waukulu kwambiri ukhoza kuvulaza duwa, popeza mizu sidzakhala nayo nthawi yotunga madzi, zomwe zidzasokoneza kwambiri gawo ndi mawonekedwe a matenda a fungal ndi nkhungu. Ngati kukula kumasankhidwa molondola, kale mu miyezi itatu begonia ikhoza kusintha ndikuyamba kufalikira.
- Zinthu zakuthupi. Miphika yapulasitiki nthawi zambiri imakhala ndi mtengo wotsika, koma zimathandiza kuti wowonjezera kutentha, zomwe zingayambitse kutentha kwa mizu. Izi ndizoopsa kwambiri m'chilimwe. Komanso, mosiyana ndi ceramic, amachotsa chinyezi mochuluka ndipo amatha kuwonjezereka m'nthaka.
- Fomu. Zakudya zakuya za begonias sizili zoyenera, monga momwe mizu ya mbewu imayambira kuonjezera ndalama zomwe zimaperekedwa kwa izo. Pokumbukira zenizeni za kukula kwa mizu, zomwe zimakonda kukwera pansi pamtunda, kukula kwakukulu kumatenga mphamvu zambiri kuchokera ku begonia, zomwe zidzawongolera kuchepa kwa mbali ya mlengalenga ndipo zidzasokoneza maluwa.
Kuphika bwino begonias, poto yosankhidwa bwino ndi gawo lapansi - chitsimikizo chakuti adzikhazikitsa yekha komanso mu miyezi yowerengeka yokha adzakondweretsa mwiniwakeyo ndi maluĊµa ake okongola kwambiri.
