Hoya kapena, monga imatchedwanso, sera yaku ndi mpesa wobiriwira wa banja la Lastonev. Mtundu umenewu unadzitcha dzina lake Thomas Hoy, wolima munda wa ku England. Masiku ano padziko lapansi muli mitundu pafupifupi 200 ya zomera. Kumtchire, hoiyu amapezeka ku South China, India ndi Australia. Zinyama zimafalikira m'mphepete mwa miyala ndi mitengo ikuluikulu ya mitengo.
Hoya ikugwedeza ndi kupachikidwa, ndipo mitundu ina imakhala ndi mapuloteni omwe amamatirira kuti athandizire. Masamba a sera zakuphimba kapena mawonekedwe a mtima, pamene a hoi compact ali ndi mawonekedwe osokonekera. Zili zobiriwira zakuda, zamitundu iwiri ndi zamawangamawanga.
Kunyumba nthawi zambiri wamkulu hoya nyama. Mphukira za zomera izi zimafika mamita asanu ndi awiri m'litali.
Monga zomera zonse, Hoya imayambitsa matenda ndipo imayambitsidwa ndi tizirombo. Ganizirani mavuto awa a sera za tsatanetsatane.
Matenda osadziwika, omwe angawathandize
Matenda oterewa amayamba chifukwa cha kusamalidwa kosayenera kwa chomera ndikuchiyang'anira. Hoya sakonda kutentha kwakukulu, ndi kutentha, komwe, pamodzi ndi dzuwa lachindunji lingayambe kuyaka pa zomera. Ngati kutentha kuli kochepa kwambiri, masambawo adzasanduka chikasu, ndipo mphukira zatsopano zimakula pang'onopang'ono. Zotsatira za kutentha kwakukulu kwa kutentha kungakhale ming'alu mu thunthu.
Ngati simukutsatira malamulo a kuthirira, kutaya kwa madzi m'nthaka kungachititse kuti mizu ikhale yovunda, chifukwa chotsalira. Ndipo ngati chomeracho sichitha kuunikira kokwanira, mphukira idzatambasula kwambiri. Mosamala ndi moyenera ayenera kutengedwa ku feteleza ya hoya. Ngati feteleza imagwiritsidwa ntchito molakwika, masamba ndi maluwa a chomera akhoza kutayika. Musati muzitha kutentha hoyas kutentha.
Matenda omwe sali opatsirana a ivy wazitsamba angachiritsidwe ndi Epin ndi Zircon. Pankhani ya overwetting kapena hypothermia, Epinay amapangidwa ndi masamba a hoya ndi mapesi. Zotsatira zake zidzakwaniritsidwa patatha masiku 10 chiyambi cha kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala. "Appin" akuwopa kuwala kwa dzuwa, kotero musaike chomeracho pansi pawunikira. "Zircon" amagwiritsidwa ntchito pochiza hoyas pamene mbeu yatha. Zimapereka mphindi yomweyo zomwe zimatenga masiku khumi.
"Zircon" kubwezeretsa mizu ya hoya, ndi "Epinom" - pamwamba pa mbeu. Mankhwala onse awiriwa amathandiza kwambiri kuti awonongeke.
Hoya sizimafalikira
Ngati hoya ya nyumba sichiphulika, pali zifukwa zingapo izi, kotero musanachite chinachake, muyenera kumvetsa chimene kwenikweni chinakhumudwitsa vuto lanu.
Zifukwa zikuluzikulu zomwe Ivy samasinthira ndi izi:
- zaka za zomera;
- kuunikira;
- nyengo yozizira;
- thandizo;
- chovala;
- kuthirira;
- nthaka;
- kukula kwa mphika
Kuunikira Kuunikira bwino kwa hoi ndiwindo lakumwera kapena kum'mwera chakumwera. Koma pali zosiyana: panali milandu pamene mabomba a wax amawombera pazenera za kumadzulo komanso ngakhale mumdima. Ngati hoya yanu isasinthe, sungani icho komwe chidzalandire kuwala kochuluka.
Ndikofunikira! Mankhwala ambiri amatha kupirira bwino, koma ngakhale masamba ake akhoza kuwotcha. Choncho, m'nyengo ya chilimwe, onetsetsani kuti mutseke pazenera ndi tiling'ono. Palibe chofunika kuti mutenge hoya ku khonde ngati sichimawombera.Zimazizira. Monga momwe chiwonetsero chikuwonetsera, hoya amakonda kukonda wintering ndi ulimi wothirira ndi wopanda feteleza. Koma nthawi zambiri limamasula m'nyengo yozizira komanso yopanda ntchito yapadera. Panali nthawi pamene pula ya sera siidathamangitse kwa nthawi yaitali, koma, pambuyo pa nyengo yozizira, kutentha kwa 10-14 ° ะก, idayamba kuphulika kumbali ya kummawa.
Kudalira. Hoya sakonda kukhala omangirizidwa ku chithandizo kuti mphukira ibwere. Choyamba muyenera kukula mphukira ndipo pang'onopang'ono kumanga chomera. Chinthu chachikulu ndicho kupanga nyumba hoyu. Palibe chofunika kuchotsa akale mapesi a mapesi.
Kuthirira. Wax ivy sakusowa kuthirira mobwerezabwereza. Pakati pa madzi, nthaka iyenera kukhala yowuma. M'nyengo yozizira, hoya nthawi zambiri imathiriridwa, m'chilimwe imapopedwa mobwerezabwereza komanso nthawi zonse.
Mukudziwa? Hoya sakonda madzi ozizira ngakhale m'chilimwe. Pa nthawi ino ya chaka, imayenera kuthiriridwa ndi madzi kutentha, komanso m'nyengo yozizira ndi madzi otentha.Kukula kwa mphika Chipatso chabwino kwambiri cha sera yaku m'miphika yaing'ono. Chinthu chachikulu ndichoti mizu yake imadzadzaza dothi lonse ndipo chomeracho chinali chochepa. Musaiwale za izi pakufika. Ndibwino kuti sera yakule ikhale mumphika womwewo kwa zaka zambiri. Mmera wamkulu amamva bwino mu chidebe chokhala ndi mamita 15-20 masentimita. Khosi silikhoza kusamba kwa zaka zingapo, ndizobwino - izi ndizozolowereka.
Kupaka pamwamba ndi nthaka. Nthaka imene hoya imakula ayenera kukhala omasuka ndi kupuma bwino. Kawirikawiri ndi mchenga, peat ndi gawo lapansi losakanizidwa mu magawo ofanana. Nthawi zina zomera zimamera, koma nthawi zambiri. Ena amadyetsa hoya ndi mullein kotero kuti imamasula bwino. Kwa ivy wa sera, feteleza ndizoyenera, zomwe zimaperekedwa kwa okoma ndi cacti.
Ndikofunikira! Ngati mukufuna hoya yanu ikhale pachimake kwambiri kumapeto kwa nyengo, imitsani nthawi yozizira ndi dothi la sera ivy.
Kukula kumachepetsanso, masamba ndi otumbululuka
M'nyengo yozizira yotentha, ngati hoya ikuima pawindo la dzuwa, akhoza "kuwotcha" ndi kutulutsa masamba, Chifukwa chakutentha, chomera nthawi zambiri chimachepetsa kukula.
Masamba owuma, tembenukani wotumbululuka, zopiringa
Ngati tsamba la sera lidafota, youma ndi kupiringa, Izi zikhoza kukhala chifukwa cha kutentha kochepa m'chipinda chomwe hoya ili. N'zotheka kuti Izi ndi chifukwa cha dzuwa lowala.
Masamba amagwa
Ngati masamba a masamba akugwa, pangakhale zifukwa zingapo. Mwachitsanzo chinyezi chochuluka chinawoneka pansi, kapena inu anasamukira hoya kupita kwina. Kugwa kwa mvula kungabwere chifukwa cha hypothermia yoopsa m'nyengo yozizira, choncho musaike chomeracho pazenera lozizira ndipo musamamwe madzi ozizira.
Maluwa akugwa
Kugwa kwa masamba ndi maluwa omwe kale akuphulika mu sera yakuyi akhoza kuuma ndi mpweya wotentha.
Leaf deformation
Hoya, yomwe ili pa siteji ya kukula kwachangu, ikhoza kukula masamba osasintha. Kusokonezeka kotereku kumachitika chifukwa cha kuthirira kosavuta. Perekani maluwa anu mchere wambiri ndipo vuto lidzatha lokha.
Matenda a bakiteriya, momwe mungawachotsere iwo
Matendawa amayamba chifukwa cha mabakiteriya. Amadutsa m'madera oonongeka a chomera ndikufalikira muyezo wa hoya. Zizindikiro zikuluzikulu za bomba ndi mabakiteriya zimakhala zouma nthambi ndi thunthu lopangidwa ndi zilonda zam'mimba, komanso mawanga a pabuka ndi masamba pa masamba. Komanso, masamba akhoza kukhala bulauni wakuda ndi tinge chikasu.
Malo owonongeka akamachepetsanso, madzi amodzi ndi fungo losasangalatsa adzamasulidwa. Pofuna kupewa matenda a bakiteriya, muyenera kuyang'anitsitsa kukhulupirika kwa mitengo ikuluikulu ndi masamba, kupewa mawonekedwe awo. Pambuyo kudulira, onetsetsani kuti mukugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala opangidwa ndi mkuwa.
Njira zothandizira zikhoza kukhala zothandiza kokha pamene zilonda zam'deralo ndi mabakiteriya asanakwanebe ndi matenda a hoya. Chomera choyenera chiyenera kukhala chokhazikika, chiyike m'chipinda chokhala ndi mpweya wouma, osasamba. Mukawona nthendayi pamayendedwe ake oyambirira, mungathe kuigonjetsa pochotsa mbali zonse zomwe zakhudzidwa ndi hoya ndikupeza minofu yathanzi.
Musanayambe kudula, yambani mkasi kapena mpeni ndi mankhwala osakaniza. Ndiye perekani hoy bordeaux kusakaniza kapena kukonzekera kopanda mkuwa. Ngati processing sikubweretse zotsatira, duwa liyenera kuwonongedwa.
Bakiteriya wilt
Matendawa amawonetseredwa mu wilting, omwe amayamba kukhudza nsonga za mphukira, kenako amapita ku mbewu zonse. Mabakiteriya amalowa m'mitsuko ya hoy, kutseka tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, kuletsa kutaya kwa madzi.
Bakiteriya kuona
Mawanga pa masamba amawoneka pa mawanga akufa. Zilibe m'mphepete mwachindunji, kapangidwe kake kamakhala kosavuta. Mawangawo akhoza kukhala obirira kapena magalasi. Amafulumira kufalikira kudera lonse la tsamba, lomwe limauma, limasanduka chikasu ndi kugwa. Ngati hoya ili m'malo otentha komanso otentha, izi zimawonjezera kuchulukitsa kwa matendawa.
Rotani
Amawonetseredwa pofewetsa ndi kufa kwa matendawa, ndiye pa malo okhudzidwa, phokoso lovunda ndi fungo losasangalatsa limapangidwa. Vuto lofala kwambiri limakhudza mitundu ya zomera ndi masamba akuluakulu. Chida chovunda chikhoza kuchitika pa lirilonse la ivy: maluwa, masamba, mizu. Chifukwa cha zochitikazo nthawi zambiri zimakhala kuphwanya malamulo omwe ali m'ndende, monga chinyezi chapamwamba, chipinda chozizira, feteleza wochuluka wa nayitrogeni.
Matenda a bowa, njira zawo zamankhwala
Matenda oterewa amayamba chifukwa cha kugonjetsedwa kwa chomera ndi bowa lopanda ungwiro. Zizindikiro zizindikiro: duwa limasiya kukula, masamba amafota ndi kutembenukira chikasu, mizu imakhala bulauni ndi yofewa. Nthawi zina, masamba amawoneka powdery mildew mwa mawonekedwe a imvi, omwe m'kupita kwanthawi amawonjezeka kukula. Pamene matendawa ayambitsidwa, mawangawo amapezeka pamaluwa ndi zimayambira. Grey kuvunda ndi spores ndi mycelium. Choyamba, zimawoneka pa kuwuma ndi masamba, ndipo kenako zimakhudza thanzi labwino.
Pofuna kuthana ndi matendawa, mukufunika kufalitsa maluwa panthaka yatsopano ndikutsatira malamulo a kuthirira. Tikukulimbikitsani kugwiritsa ntchito kukonzekera pogwiritsa ntchito thiramu ndi benamyl. Pofuna kuchotsa powdery mildew kamodzi, ndifunikanso kugwiritsa ntchito fungicides: benlat, copper carbonate, sulfure, zinki, manganese. Chida chofunika kwambiri polimbana ndi imvi ndi Bordeaux osakaniza. Pula hoya yake ndi njira imodzi yokha.
Anthracnose
Kawirikawiri, nkhunguzi zimadwala zomera zofooka: omwe amawonongeka ndi makina komanso akuvutika maganizo. Zonse zomwe zili pamwambapa zimakhala zovuta, koma cholinga cha matendawa chimayamba ndi masamba. Mawanga awo amawoneka mosiyana kwambiri. Zimadalira mtundu wa bowa umene unayambitsa matendawa.
Pamene gwero la matendawa ndi Kabatiellazeae, mawonekedwe ang'onoang'ono achikasu amawonekera. Mukawayang'ana kudzera mu galasi lokulitsa, mkati mwanu mukhoza kuona dothi lakuda kapena lofiirira. Pamene nthendayi ikupita, tsamba limakula, m'malo mwa dontho, bezel imawoneka ndi imvi mkati.
Ngati hoyu inakanthidwa ndi bowa la Colletotrichumorbiculare, ndiye kuti mudzawona mawanga ofiira pa masamba ndi malire a chikasu. Nthendayi ikapitirira, mawangawo akuphatikizana, ndipo malo okhudzidwa amauma, ndipo mabowo amapangidwa m'masamba.
Bowa la Colletotrichumtrichellum limatuluka mawanga aakulu ndi chikasu kapena imvi ndi imvi.
Mankhwalawa amachititsa kuti zomera zisamavutike komanso zimakhala zozizira, monga momwe bowa zimamvera pamapweya 90% ndi 22-27 ° C. Matendawa amakwiya ndi kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa mobwerezabwereza ngati khofi sumauma kwa nthawi yaitali ndikukhala ndi moyo wowonjezera kutentha.
Zipatso za fungal zimafalikira ndi mvula, tizilombo, mphepo. Kupanda potaziyamu ndi phosphorous m'thupi la ivy kumathandiza ku matendawa.
Pofuna kuthana ndi matenda a anthracnose, nthawi zonse zimatenthera nthaka, zimachepetsa chinyezi cha mlengalenga, zimawononga masamba okhudzidwa, spray hoyu ndi kukonzekera "Kvadris SK", "Hom", "Strobe", "Abiga-Peak".
Muzu ndi tsinde zowola
Ndi matendawa, hoya imasiya kukula, masamba amauma ndi kugwa, kenako mizu yovunda, ndi zomera zimafa. Poyamba zikuoneka kuti hoy alibe madzi okwanira, koma atakhala ndi chinyezi chodziwika bwino, zimakhala zomveka kuti izi sizili vuto, masambawo akupitirizabe kuuma ndi kugwa.
Zimakhala zovuta kudziwa matendawa kumayambiriro, chifukwa kuthira sera pamasamba kumawawoneka wathanzi kwa nthawi yayitali, ndipo mizu imatuluka mofulumira. Zilonda pa tsinde zingakhale zouma komanso zowonongeka. Mizu yovunda ndi yakuda kapena imvi. Amatha kukhala amchere kapena owuma.
Pofuna kuteteza ndi kuwononga zowola, nthaka sayenera kukhala yonyowa kwambiri.makamaka ngati chipinda chili ndi kutentha kwakukulu. Nthaka yobzala imayenera kusawilitsidwa. Ngati matenda ovunda, zomera zowonongeka zimachiritsidwa ndi Kuproksat, sulfure kapena Bordeaux osakaniza, ndipo ngati ndalamazi sizikuthandiza, ivyenera kuwonongedwa.
Kukula kwa Cortical pa masamba
Matendawa amadziwika ndi masamba otukuka ndi maluzi ofiira; mawonekedwe a mkati mwa tsamba. Kukhumudwa kukusiya kukula, koma ngati mutatenga zofunikira pa nthawi, ndiye kuti hoya idzapulumuka. Kukula kwina kwa sera kungachepetse, ndipo mphukira yatsopano idzayamba kusuntha nyengo yotsatira. Masamba a hoya adzapitirizabe kukhala athanzi ngati zonse zikutsekeredwa.
Zotsatira za chithandizo cha matendawa: Choyamba, tsamba la waxy ivy liyenera kupukutidwa ndi mowa, kenaka limatulutsidwa ndi "Hom" kapena "Ordan". Pambuyo pokonza, ikani chomeracho pamalo otentha.
Grey kuvunda
Bowa ili limakhudza mbali zonse zobiriwira za zomera. Pa mabala a bulawuni ndi mtundu wobiriwira kapena wofiira udzaonekera. Patapita nthawi, mawangawo adzawoneka ngati zowola, necrosis ya mitsempha ya mitsempha ndi ziphuphu zidzachitika. Mbali zomwe zimakhudzidwa ndi zomera zimafa.
Fungira zomwe zimayambitsa matendawa ndi zilonda zapweteka. Amalowa mkati mwa mapesi ndipo amachoka pa bala. Komanso bowa ngati mpweya woyenera. Mikangano imafalikira ndi mphepo, zipangizo zonyansa ndi mphepo. Chokoma kutentha kwa chitukuko cha matenda - 17-25 ° C.
Njira zothana ndi matendawa ndizotsatila izi: Disinfect zipangizo zogwirira ntchito ndi dothi, mpweya m'chipinda ndikuchepetsa chinyezi. Musaiwale za kuyatsa - hoya sayenera kukula m'malo amdima.
Bowa lakuda
Bowa lakuda limakhazikika pa nsabwe za m'masamba, mphutsi za powdery ndi whiteflies. Ndi chipika chouma, chomwe sichiwopsyeza chomera, koma chimawombera masamba, ndicho chifukwa chake hoya "siyapuma," imasiya kukula ndi kufooketsa.
Chithandizo ndi kuwononga tizirombo. Pukutani maluwa ndi nsalu yonyowa yonyowa mu madzi a sopo ndikutsatirani ndi fungicide.
Mame a Mealy
Matendawa ndi osowa kwambiri m'banja. Nthawi zambiri anthu omwe amamera chomera ichi amakhala m'mphepete mwa greenhouses kapena kunja. Masamba amaoneka ngati malo oyera omwe amawoneka mosavuta. Koma ngati palibe chomwe chikuchitika, mawangawo amakula kufikira atakhala m'dera lonse la pepala.
Kuwonekera kwa powdery mildew kumathandiza kuti mpweya wouma, feteleza feteleza ndi nayitrogeni ndi madontho amphamvu otentha.
Kupewa ndi kuchiza: Ngati muli ndi vuto lofooka, pewani masamba omwe ali ndi matenda ndi kuonetsetsa kuti mutsekeredwa m'ndende. Ngati matendawa ali apamwamba kwambiri, konzekerani "Kvadris SC", "Topaz", "Tiovit", "Bravo".
Downy mildew
Dzina lina la matendawa ndi peronosporosis. Nthendayi imakhudzidwa kwambiri ndi matendawa. Iwo amavutika, monga lamulo, ivy zikukula mu greenhouses ndi mu mpweya wabwino.
Masamba amaoneka ngati ma chikasu, omwe amasintha mtundu kukhala bulauni. Pa underside wa masamba imvi mawanga amapangidwa, iwo kenako amasanduka madontho wakuda.
Ngati mutalola kuti zinthu zonse ziziyenda bwino, mosakayikira chikasu ndi masamba akugwa, ndipo mankhwala omwe amachititsa kuti matendawa alowe m'ziwiya za mmera, zomwe zingayambitse kupweteka.
Kupewa ndi kuchiza: Onetsetsani kuti musakanike nthaka musanadzalemo, mpweya wofiira ndipo nthawi yomweyo chotsani masamba odwala. Ngati muli ndi matenda, onetsetsani kuti m'munsi mwa masamba mukukonzekera "Ordan", "Khom", "Kvadris SK".
Mdima wakuda
Mawanga pa masamba omwe amawonekera mu matendawa ndi owala komanso owopsa. Iwo amatchedwa - stroma. Momwe stroma idzawonekera zimadalira tizilombo toyambitsa matenda. Koma ngakhale pang'ono kusiyana maonekedwe, onse amakula mofulumira kutentha, kutentha kwambiri komanso kuunika kochepa.
Chithandizo: Pulitsirani chomera ndi "Kvadris SK", "Abiga-Peak", "Maxim".
Kutupa
Zizindikiro za matenda: Mawanga a ofiira, a chikasu kapena a lalanje amaoneka pamwamba pa tsamba, ndipo mkati mwake muli kusokonezeka kwa spores zakuda ndi zalanje. Tsamba limasanduka chikasu, limauma ndikufa. Matendawa amafalikira ndipo amapita kutentha kwambiri komanso kutentha kwa 10-20 ° C.
Kupewa ndi kuchiza: Sikoyenera kupopera mitundu ya nkhumba yomwe imatha kutentha, chifukwa madontho amadzi pamasamba amathandiza kuti kusakaniza kwa spores. Pamene kuthirira sikofunika kuthira pamwamba pazitsamba za mbeu. Ngati hoya ikudwala, chotsani masamba omwe akukhudzidwa ndi kupopera mbewuzo ndi Vectra, Kuproksat, Topaz, Vectra kapena Bordeaux.
Fomoz
Malo okongola a bowa, omwe amachititsa matendawa - amvula ndi nyengo yozizira. Matendawa amayamba ndi mizu, ndiyeno imafalikira ponseponse. Masamba amakhala amtundu wambiri kapena wopanda mapira ndi spores pakati. Ndiye masamba amafa ndikugwa.
Kupewa ndi kuchiza: kuchita nthaka disinfection "Fundazol". Pambuyo pake, yambani chomeracho ndi kukonzekera kokhala ndi mkuwa, ndipo patukani hoyu nthawi yonse ya chithandizo. Zomera zina zonse zomwe zinalumikizana naye, ndondomeko. Masamba pa odwala matendawa atetezeni kuti asatenge nkhungu.
Fusarium wilt
Matendawa amayamba mwa njira imodzi. tsinde lokha limatha kufota kapena kuvunda mizu.
Mu sera yakukhudzidwa ivy, iwo amayamba kutaya turgor wa korona ndikuthawa. Zipangizozi zimakhala zowonongedwa, zimakhala mdima pa tsinde la tsinde. Pofuna kusunga chomeracho, m'pofunika kudula ndikuzukula pamwamba pa mphukira. Pakutha kwa matendawa, mizu ikuluikulu imakhala yathanzi, ndipo yaying'ono imavunda poyamba.
Ngati dothi ndi mlengalenga zikuda, ndipo kutentha kuli pamwamba pa 18 ° C, ndiye kuti matendawa akugwira ntchito.
Mukudziwa? Fusarium idzawonetseredwa sera sera monga tomato ndi nkhaka.Kupewa ndi kuchiza: Musanadzalemo chomeracho, m'pofunikanso kuthirira nthaka ndi kusungira mbeu, kuwonjezera "Fitosporin" kapena "Trichodermin" kunthaka. Pamene matendawa ayamba, chithandizo cha hoya ndi Vectra kapena Readzole.
Mmene mungagwirire ndi tizirombo tomwe timagwiritsa ntchito
Matenda a Hoihe amakwiyitsa bowa, mabakiteriya, mavairasi, tizirombo ndi zinthu zina zakunja. Matenda amatha kupezeka chifukwa cha chisamaliro chosayenera: Kutentha kwakukulu ndi chinyezi zimathandizira ku matenda opatsirana omwe amapita patsogolo, ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tizilombo toyambitsa matenda timachita bwino mu nyengo yotentha ndi youma.
Kulimbana ndi nkhuku ndi whitefly kudzathandiza mankhwalawa Sunmite. Ndizothandiza pa magawo onse a chitukuko cha tizilombo ndipo sichimwa. Mankhwala amayamba nthawi yomweyo atagwiritsidwa ntchito ndipo amakhalabe yogwira kwa miyezi limodzi ndi theka.
Kuchokera ku shchitovki, mite, thrips, whitefly ndi nsabwe za m'masamba zatsimikizirika bwino Aktara ndi Actofit. Chervtsov ndi bwino kuchotsedwa ndi dzanja ndi burashi loviikidwa mu mowa ndi kutsanulira mbali zomwe zakhudzidwa ndi chomeracho ndi kukonzekera pogwiritsa ntchito mafuta owala. Thandizo ndi mankhwala osokoneza bongo "Mospilan", "Confidor-maxi", "Aktara" pa 1 mg. Mankhwala alionse ayenera kuchepetsedwa mosiyana mu 330 ml ya madzi, ndiyeno kusakaniza chirichonse.
Kuti muthe kuchotsa poduras, muyenera kuumitsa dothi, ndikuwaza ndi fumbi kapena laimu.
Ntchentche yoyera
Gulugufeyu amawoneka ngati mole wamba. Zowononga kwambiri zimayambitsidwa ndi mphutsi omwe amamwa madzi kuchokera ku masamba a hoy. Agulugufe akuluakulu amakhala kumbuyo kwa pepala. Malo ozungulira azungu amapezeka kumadera okhudzidwa. Posakhalitsa masamba amasanduka bulauni ndikufa.
Kufiira
Tizilombo toyambitsa matendayi sizingafike 5mm ndi chivundikiro cha sera. Mphutsi ya Crice ikukwawa ponseponse ndipo imamatira ku mitengo ikuluikulu ndi masamba. Thupi ndi kutentha - nyengo yabwino kwambiri yoberekera nyongolotsi. Chipatala choopsa kwambiri ndi mealybug. Ukulu wa tizilombo ndi 3.5 mm ndipo mtundu wake ndi wofiirira kapena lalanje. Pambuyo kugonjetsa ivy ndi mealybug, pachimake choyera chimapezeka pamasamba, ndipo masamba a hoya amatembenukira mwamsanga ndikukwera. Mphukira zatsopano zimakula pang'onopang'ono. Sungani zitsamba zingathe kukhazikika pa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda.
Mtsuko wamagazi wofiira
Tizilombo toyambitsa matenda timatha kusokonezeka ndi kangaude. Mite wamoyo m'munsi mwa masamba. Mbali za hoya yomwe imakhudzidwa ndi kangaude imakhala ndi mawanga achikasu ndi kufa. Nkhupakupa imatulutsa ukonde pakati pa masamba ndi tsinde. Mtsuko wofiira umagawanika pansi pa kutentha ndi mpweya wouma. Choncho, kuti mupewe matenda ndi kangaude, tsululani chomeracho kutentha.
Nematodes
Nyongolotsi zazing'ono zopanda mtundu mpaka mamita imodzi. Pamene hoya imakhudzidwa ndi nematode, galls amapanga - kutupa pamzu, ndipo tizilombo timakhalamo. Zigawo zingakhale zosiyana, kukula kwake kumadalira kukula kwake ndi kukula kwa mbewu. Ngati kachilombo ka nematodes hoya imasiya kukula, masamba kutembenukira chikasu. Ngati simutenga nthawi yoyenera, mbewuyo idzafa. Izi ndi chifukwa mizu sungaperekenso hoya ndi zinthu zonse zofunika.
Palinso mitundu ya stem nematode. Ngati akudwala hoyu, mphukira ndi zimayambira zamasamba zimakhala zoipa, masamba akwinya, tsinde lamasamba limakhala lofiira.
Poddur
Tizilombo tating'onoting'ono timene timatha kulumpha. Tizilombo toyambitsa matenda timapezeka m'dothi lonyowa kwambiri ndipo timakhudza mbali ya mlengalenga.
Aphid
Nsabwe za m'masamba zimatha kusokonezeka ndi njenjete, koma zimakhala ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana: kuchokera ku laimu mpaka wakuda. Kukula kwa aphid wamkulu kumakhala pafupifupi 3 mm. Tizilombo timakhala m'madera akuluakulu. Aphid amachititsa matenda a fungal. Hoya, yokhudzidwa ndi nsabwe za m'masamba, imafa mofulumira, choncho chinthu chachikulu sichiphonya mphindi ndipo mwamsanga kuwononga tizilombo.
Poyamba aphid imawonekera pamwamba pa mphukira, nthambi zatsopano ndi masamba. Palinso mbalame youluka ndi yopanda mapiko, mphutsi zomwe zimapezeka pansi pa tsamba.
Kupewa ndi kuchiza kumaphatikizapo kuchiza chomera ndi Iskara-bio, Aktara, ndi Akarin. Pachizindikiro chochepa cha matenda, m'pofunika kupatulira ivy, ndipo, ngati aphid sichinafalikire pazomera zonse, konzekerani kusamba kotentha ndi sopo.
Kupuma
Onse awiri akuluakulu ndi mphutsi zawo zimavulaza hoi. Tizilombo toyambitsa matenda ali ndi thupi lakuthwa, mapaundi awiri a mapiko ndi chiwalo chokamwa. TMbozi imayika mazira mwachindunji mthupi la masamba, mpaka mamita 100 pa nthawi. Iwo ali wakuda ndipo amawonekeratu ku diso lakuda, mphutsi zachikasu zimatulukira mazira masabata awiri. Kunyumba, tizilombo timene timakula ndikuyamba chaka chonse.
Kutulutsa mawere masamba. Kuchokera pansi pa pepala iwo amapanga madera, ndipo madontho amapezeka pamwamba pa tsamba la tsamba. Posakhalitsa tsamba limakhala siliva ndi kufa, hoya imabala. Ziphuphu zimatha kukhazikika pamatope. Pamene chomera chimamasula, tizirombo timakhalanso pamaluwa. Chifukwa cha ichi, inflorescences sizimafalikira, kukula bwino, kumakhala koipa. Kufalikira kwa thrips kumapangitsa kuti kutentha kwakukulu kutsika kwa chinyezi. Kupewa ndi kuchiza: Musanayambe kuchiza ndi mankhwala, chotsani maluwa onse pa chomera kuti tizilombo tisafe.
Kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa amagwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo "Dantop", "Aktellik", "Mospilan", "Confidor-maxi", "Fitoverm", "Mtsogoleri".
Shchitovka
Mphuno ya Shchitovki imagwirizanitsa ndi zimayambira ndi masamba a chomera ndipo zimadzazidwa ndi waxy pachimake, ngati chishango. Pali mitundu yambiri ya tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, onse amadyetsa chomera chomera. Masamba a otayikawo amatembenukira chikasu poyamba, kenako amauma ndi kufa. Sera yakufa idzafa ngati nthawi isatenge masitepe kuti iwononge masikiti.
