Rhododendron, kuti ili ndi funso loyamba la olima maluwa atsopano omwe akuyamba kumene kubereka mbewu zapadera zamaluwa. Dzinalo Rhododendron lamasuliridwa kuchokera ku Chigriki ngati "rosewood." Mbewuyi ndi yamtundu wa zitsamba zamaluwa, banja la Vereskov. Sinthani mitundu yopitilira 1000. Pakati pawo pali masamba obiriwira, osasachedwa kapena otetemera. Malinga ndi malongosoledwe, ichi ndi chitsamba chaching'ono chomwe chimatulutsa maluwa, chomwe chimasiyana osati maonekedwe okha, komanso mawonekedwe ake ozungulira pokhudzana ndi kuswana ndi kulima.
Mbiri ya Mtengo Wamasimba wa Rhododendron
Kumayambiriro kwa zaka za m'ma 1800, mtundu woyamba wa maluwa'wu udalowetsedwa ku Russia, komwe pambuyo pake "udakhala mizu" m'minda yozizira ya gulu lachifumu. Mitundu ndi mitundu yambiri idabadwa, pomwe Uralsky anali wotchuka kwambiri.
Chidule cha Rhododendron
Munthawi yochoka ku zochitika zosintha mpaka Nkhondo Yachiwiri Yapadziko Lonse, olima minda ambiri sanalingalire konse kuti Rhododendron ndi chiyani. Nkhondo itatha kale nkhondo, mitengo yokongola kapena zitsamba zidayamba kuwoneka pamaluwa ndi maluwa, zomwe zidakopa chidwi cha okonda maluwa. Zotsatira zake, mbewuyo idakula. Zisonyezo zamaluwa zidayamba kuwoneka m'nyumba, m'minda ndi ma verandas.
Maonekedwe amunda wa Rhododendron
Komwe rhododendron kumakhala kofala
Rhododendron ndi chomera chowoneka bwino, ngati mungakulitse chitsamba m'njira zosakhala zake, sizokayikitsa kuti muzika mizu. Kuti muchepetse mavuto, ndikofunikira kubwereza zomwe zakukula mwachilengedwe molondola momwe zingathere.
Rhododendron wamtchire amatha kupezeka North America, Far East, Caucasus, Ukraine. Mitundu ina ikhoza kupezeka m'maiko ena a North Hemisphere. Chifukwa chake, mtundu wake wa mbewuyo siwotsimikizika bwino.
"Chitsamba chapinki"
Mitundu ndi mitundu yotchuka
Rhododendron ndiye tchire lalikulu kwambiri la banja la a Vereskov, ngati Ledum, koma si mitundu yake yambiri yomwe ili yotchuka kwambiri. Ndi mitundu iti yofunika kwambiri:
- Chijapani
- Schlippenbach;
- Maluwa a Mountain.
- Treelike;
- Sikhotinsky;
- Bukhan;
- Wachikasu.
Mitundu yazomera
Mwa mitundu iyi pali malo ndi malo omwe mungasankhe dimba. Aliyense m'banjamo ali ndi chikhalidwe chake chakunja.
Zofunika! Bulodous rhododendrons ndiosavuta kumera kuposa ena.
Rhododendron, ndimamasamba angati munthawi
Musanabzike zotere m'mundawo, muyenera kudziwa kuchuluka kwamaluwa a Rhododendron ndi momwe zimachitikira. Mtundu uliwonse umakhala ndi nthawi yake maluwa. Koma pali chimango chocheperako kapena chocheperako.
Zambiri zamaluwa:
- Masamba akatseguka, fungo labwino limaperekedwa.
- Nthawi yamaluwa ndi milungu iwiri.
- Chitsamba chimamera maluwa mchaka.
- Ma Bluebell amatha kukhala ndi mainchesi 4 mpaka 8 cm.
- Inflorescence nambala 3 mpaka 10.
Tcherani khutu! Mwezi womwe maluwa a rhododendrons amatsimikizika ndi nyengo.
Kapangidwe kazomera kameneka kamakhala maluwa enieni.
Makatani a rhododendrons
Chomera ichi chili ndi phale lalikulu kwambiri. Inflorescences imatha kukhala yamithunzi yotere:
- ofiira;
- chikasu;
- pinki;
- lalanje.
Rhododendron, amene maluwa ake amapadera payekha, amawonekerabe mokongola, chifukwa mithunzi ya masamba ndiyopadera.
Kupangidwa kwamankhwala
Asayansi adachita kafukufuku komwe kapangidwe kazinthu zopanga ndi mawonekedwe a cholengedwa. Mitundu ya 11 yogwira inadziwika yomwe imagwirizana ndi terpenoid ndi phenolic.
Zowonjezera! Mitundu yakunyumba ikhoza kukhala ndi mitundu yocheperako chifukwa cha mtundu wa hybrid.
Zofotokozedwera kwambiri ndi:
- chizolowezi;
- quercetin;
- n-ringenin;
- arbutin;
- R-sitosterol.
Maluwa Ogoza a Rhododendron Ogwiritsa Ntchito Zachipatala
Zophatikizira zotsalazo zimapezeka m'malo otsika.
Poizoni kapena ayi
Kuphatikizidwa kwachembere kumabweretsa funso limodzi: kodi Rhododendron ndiwopanda kapena ayi? Mankhwala ambiri amagwiritsa ntchito zigawo za mbewu mosiyanasiyana. Zomwe mankhwala azitsamba adziwa kwa nthawi yayitali ndipo amagwiritsidwa ntchito mwachangu, koma zinthu monga ma tannins, arbutin, rutin, ndi glycoside (andromedotoxin) zimapezeka masamba.
Zofunika! Mochulukitsa, zigawo zikuluzikulu zimatha kukhala zovulaza, chifukwa chake, popanga mankhwalawa, opanga mankhwala amatsatira mankhwala olondola.
Mitundu ndi mitundu ya rhododendron
Mitundu ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ndi yayikulu. Masamba a Rhododendron, monga maluwa, ndi osiyanasiyana. Kugawanaku kungapangidwe malinga ndi mitundu, yomwe yotchuka kwambiri ndi:
- Adams. Shrub wokhala ndi kutalika kwa 20 mpaka 30. Masamba ali ndi fungo labwino komanso mtundu wa pinki. Udzu umatha kupirira chisanu champhamvu, chifukwa patina ndi yofinya kwambiri. Imakula pamiyala ndi m'matanthwe.
- Woyera Merrin. Kachitsamba kakang'ono komwe kali ndi masamba ang'onoang'ono a emarodi ndi masamba ofiira. Ogonjetsedwa ndi chisanu. Ndikwabwino kubzala zinthu zotere pamiyala. Limamasula kumayambiriro kwa Meyi, koma lilibe fungo lililonse, chifukwa ndi la haibridi.
Zosiyanasiyana za Rodndrons
- Tight. Gulu laling'ono loterolo lidakhala ndi dzina chifukwa cha pilo lokwanira, lomwe limapangidwa ndi masamba ndi maluwa. Imakula ndikukula kwanthawi yayitali. Masamba amatuwa, ndipo masamba ake amakhala owala bwino ndi mtanda wozungulira. Amakonda kuwala kowala ndipo amamva bwino kwambiri pamiyala.
- Wonga mtengo. Chitsamba chili ndi mtengo ngati mtengo womwe umafanana ndi mitengo ya bonsai. Masamba ndi akulu ndipo nthawi zambiri amapaka utoto woyera kapena zonona. Maluwa amayamba kumapeto kwa Meyi.
Mtundu uliwonse umakhala ndi mitundu ingapo, koma ochepa okha ndi omwe amatchuka kwambiri chifukwa cha kulima mosadodoma kapena kuwoneka bwino.
Zosangalatsa! Mitundu ina imalakwika molakwika chifukwa cha mtundu wa azaleas, chifukwa cha zofananira zakunja, koma lingaliro ili ndilolakwika kwathunthu.
Ntchito zokongoletsera
Ndikofunikira kudziwa kuti ndi chaka chiti maluwa a Rhododendron mutabzala kuti muzibzale pamalo oyenera. Chitsamba sichimaphuka kwanthawi yayitali, koma chimawoneka chosangalatsa nthawi imodzi, motero ndikofunikira kuchiphatikiza ndi mbewu zina zazitali.
Ndikwabwino kukula chitsamba chamaluwa pafupi ndi zitsanzo zomwe zimaphukira nthawi zosiyanasiyana. Ngakhale kuwoneka kwa chitsamba chopanda maluwa kumakopa chidwi chake ndi mawonekedwe ake abwino ndi masamba owala. Nthawi yomweyo, Rhododendron, yemwe kutalika kwake nthawi zina amatha kufika mita 2-3, sasokoneza ena "okhala" pabedi lamaluwa.
Rhododendron m'malo owonekera
Maonekedwe okongola a mundawo popanda "chitsamba chapinki" ndiosatheka. Zoterezi zimawoneka zokongola poyerekeza ndi mtundu wobiriwira wamtchire wina uliwonse kapena mbewu zina zazifupi.
Kugwiritsa ntchito tchire pakuwongolera
Chowonjezereka ndikuyambitsa kapangidwe ka maluwa pomwe duwa, mwala wachilengedwe kapena mpanda wamtundu wakula kumera. Moyenera kuphatikiza chikhalidwe ndi ma conifers ndi zitsamba.
Uphungu! Ndikulimbikitsidwa kuti nthumwi ya Heather ibzalidwe pazitsulo zopangidwa ndi mwala wachilengedwe. Apa chomera chimamveka kunyumba.
Kodi matenda a Rhododendron amachiza?
Shrub ali ndi zinthu zambiri zofunikira. Njira zochokera mu mlengalenga zimatha kugwiritsidwa ntchito pothandiza kufooka, kutentha pang'ono kwa thupi. Chomera chimathandizanso kupweteka, chimapha tizilombo tating'onoting'ono.
Mphamvu yakuchiritsa:
- Amathetsa mavuto am'mimba. Izi zimachitika makamaka pochiza matenda amtumbo.
- Tiyi ndi infusions amagwiritsidwa ntchito pofuna kuchiza matenda a bronchitis, tonsillitis ndi chibayo.
- Madontho okhala ndi zotulutsa zomera ndizothandiza pakubwezeretsa kugunda kwa mtima komanso kusintha magazi.
Zofunika! Sizoletsedwa kugwiritsa ntchito infusions ndi tiyi kuchokera pamasamba, zimayambira kapena maluwa kuchitira mwana.
Tea kuchokera ku chomera kuchiza matenda ambiri
Chitsamba chothandiza komanso chosunthika sichimangokhala ndi mawonekedwe okongola, komanso othandizira.
Momwe mungakulire rhododendron kuchokera ku mbewu kunyumba
Rhododendron, pomwe mbewu zake zidakolola m'dzinja, zimafesedwa mu Epulo. Mwa maziko, sphagnum peat ndi dziko lapansi la coniffort amagwiritsidwa ntchito molingana. Choyamba muyenera kuthira nthaka ndikukhazikitsa zodzala pansi, simuyenera kuwaza ndi nthaka. Ndikofunika kumangiriza chidebe ndi filimuyo, ndikupanga mpweya wowonjezera kutentha.
Momwe mungakulire Rhododendron kuchokera kumbewu zomwe zimamera kwambiri:
- Sankhani mbeu zosachepera 100.
- Kufalitsa kubzala zinthu pa chonyowa gauze.
- Tsiku lililonse kuti utsire "nkhokwe".
- Zomera zoyamba zikawoneka, zimafunikira kuti zisunthidwe pansi.
Bush akukula
Mbewu za Rhododendron zitapeza masamba athunthu, ndiye kuwunika kwa "mbewu".
Kodi Rhododendron amatenga nthawi yayitali bwanji asanabzalidwe panthaka
Pakati kapena kumapeto kwa mwezi wa June, kutola ndi kubzala zipatso kumachitika. Zomera zing'onozing'ono zimatha kuphuka chaka chamawa mosamala.
Madzi kuchokera pamakhala a rhododendron daursky
Mitundu yothandizirana ndi mbewuyi ili ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana, koma mitundu ya ku Daurian imadziwika kuti ndiyo yogwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri ngati mankhwala. Amakula ku Siberia ndipo amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri ndi ma shamans am'deralo. Tchire limakhala ndi kutalika kwa 2 m ndipo limakhala ndi masamba ang'onoang'ono. Kuchokera kwa iwo kuti msuzi umapezeka, womwe uli ndi mankhwala awa:
- Amachepetsa kuthamanga kwa magazi.
- Kuthira mkati dongosolo lamanjenje.
- Imawongolera magwiridwe antchito a mtima ndi kuzungulira kwa dongosolo.
- Zimatengera kufa kwa tizilombo tating'onoting'ono tomwe timagwira m'thupi la munthu.
Gawo la Daurian la rhododendron
Kuphatikiza apo, msuzi ukhoza kukhala gawo la mitundu yonse yamankhwala omwe amachiritsa kutsekula m'mimba, kukonza kutuluka kwa bile.
Rhododendron ndi chizindikiro cha mtima wachifundo, kukongola ndi chikondi. Chitsamba chokhala ndi thunthu la mtengo ndi maluwa onunkhira chimagwiritsidwa ntchito pakuwonongeka. Ngakhale zozama zochepa sizingatchulidwe kuti udzu, chifukwa gawo la mlengalenga limadabwitsika ndi ukulu wake. Mutha kubzala chitsamba chamaluwa kuchokera kumbewu pogwiritsa ntchito luso losavuta. Kuphatikiza apo, mtengowu uli ndi mankhwala omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati mankhwala ndi mankhwala wamba.
