Silver brekel ndi mtundu wa nkhuku, zomwe zimapangidwira kupanga mazira ndi zofala ku Ulaya. Kwa zaka zambiri, mbalamezi zidakondedwa ndi alimi ndi alimi a nkhuku kuti aziwoneka bwino komanso zizindikiro zabwino zobala zipatso. Kuwonjezera apo, nyama ya broccoli ili ndi kukoma kwake kodabwitsa kwa nkhuku zapakhomo - ndizokoma ngati nyama zakutchire. Pazithunzi zonse za chisamaliro ndi chisamaliro cha mbalame za mtundu umenewu zidzakamba zowonjezera.
Mbiri ya chiyambi
Mpaka pano, sidziwika bwino momwe mtundu umenewu unayambira. Silver brekel yatsimikiziridwa kukhala nkhuku yotchuka kwambiri ku Belgium kwa zaka mazana atatu zapitazo. Ichi chinakhala maziko oganiza kuti ndi Belgium komwe kunali malo a mbalame. Kuyambira m'ma 1880, mtunduwu wakula kwambiri ku Germany. Panthawi imeneyi nthambi ya mtunduwu inayamba pa nkhuku zolemera komanso zolemera. Komabe, mu 1925, mitundu yonse iwiri idadutsa.
Ndikofunikira! Nthawi zina mtundu uwu umatchedwa siliva campin, koma izi ndi kulakwitsa. The broccoli ndi campins amadziwika ndi jini pool, maonekedwe a mchira wa mphuno, makina kapangidwe ndi zokolola m'malo broccoli.
Kutchuka kwa siliva brekel kunayamba kugwa mofulumira kuyambira kumayambiriro kwa zaka za zana la 20, chifukwa cha kuswana kwa mitundu yambiri yoberekera ya mbalame.
Ku Belgium, mabelekesi a siliva anaiwalika pofika chaka cha 1970. Pambuyo pake, kubwezeretsa kwa mtunduwo kunayamba ku Germany.
Werenganinso za mitundu ya nkhuku: Maran, Amrox, Bielefelder, Barnevelder, Welsumer.
Kufotokozera ndi Zochitika
Mtundu uwu uli ndi mawonekedwe okondweretsa kwambiri, kutentha komanso makhalidwe abwino. Kenaka, timalingalira mwatsatanetsatane zakunja, khalidwe, kusiyana pakati pa akazi ndi amuna, komanso makhalidwe abwino a mtunduwo.
Maonekedwe ndi mtundu
Silver brekel ikhoza kudzitama ndi maonekedwe okongola, owala komanso owoneka bwino, chifukwa chake nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati mtundu wa ziwonetsero. Thupi la mbalame limakhala lozungulira, lomwe limapangitsa kuti likhale lachidziwitso komanso lachidule. Mutu, khosi, ndi mbali kumbuyo (mwa amuna) ndi zofiira zonyezimira ndi nsalu ya siliva, thupi lonse liri ndi mdima wakuda ndi woyera kumakhala ndi mtundu wokondweretsa, wofanana ndi mtundu wofiira wa zebra. 
Mutu ndi waung'ono ndi oblate, wokongoletsedwa ndi zitsamba, zomwe nthawi zina zimakhala kumbali. Maso ali achangu, akuda kapena a bulauni. Khosi lalifupi limapita kumbuyo ndi thupi lalikulu. Miyendo ndi yaifupi, miyendo imakula bwino. Mapikowo amakhala okwera, okwera bwino kwa thupi. Nkhuku zonse ndi zinyama zili ndi nthenda yakuda kwambiri ya thupi lonse. Paws ndi mlomo ndizojambula imvi ndi nsalu yabuluu. 
Siliva brekel ndi yosiyana-siyana - zazikazi zimakhala zolemera makilogalamu 2.2, amuna - mpaka 2.7 kg.
Nkhuku ndi nkhuku: kusiyana
Kusiyana kwakukulu pakati pa akazi ndi amuna ndi awa:
- kulemera ndi kukula: amuna ndi olemera kwambiri ndi wamtali pamutu;
- mchira wochuluka wa amuna (nthawi zambiri amisiri amawatsitsa pansi);
- Amuna kumbuyo amakhala ndi nthenga zoyera, zomwe sizikuwonedwa mwazimayi;
- mwa amuna, mwendo ndi wochuluka komanso wautali, ndipo paw ndi yaikulu kwambiri.
Makhalidwe
Silver brekel imasiyana ndi kutentha, kutentha mtima, komabe izi zimakhudza makamaka miyala. Nthawi zambiri amatha kukonzekera mikangano ndi ndewu, koma samakhudza akazi a mtundu wawo. Amuna odzaza siliva angakhale odana ndi amuna a nkhuku zina. Mbali yachiwiri ya khalidwe ndi chidwi chodziwika ndi ntchito. Choncho, kuyika gawo la mbalamezi, nkofunika kusamalira chitetezo.
Mukudziwa? Nkhuku iliyonse yazimayi imakhala ndi mazira ena omwe anabadwira kuchokera kubadwa - mbalame zomwe zimatha kunyamula mazira. Nambalayi ili pafupifupi 4000,000. Komabe, nkhuku zambiri zimakhala mkati mwa zaka zingapo, ndi zizindikiro zobala zokolola zomwe zikugwera chaka choyamba cha moyo, pambuyo pake zimagwa mofulumira ndi 15% pachaka.
Kumveka bwino ndi dzira
Zina mwa ubwino wa mtundu uwu wofunikira kwambiri ukhoza kutchedwa kutha msanga. Ali ndi miyezi inayi, onse awiri abambo ndi amayi amakhala okonzeka kubereka. Mazira a mazira amangotsala mpaka kutha kwa moyo (pafupi zaka 3-4). 
Mu chaka chimodzi, nkhuku ikhoza kubala mazira 150 mpaka 220 pansi pazimene zimagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga zovala. Komabe, monga taonera kale, mtundu uwu si wolemba chiwerengero cha mazira. Mazira onse ali ndi chipolopolo choyera cha chipale chofewa, cholemera pafupifupi 60-70 g.
Malangizo a alimi a nkhuku: Mlingo wa nkhuku za nkhuku, nthawi ya mazira mu nkhuku zamatope, mavitamini oweta nkhuku, choti achite ngati nkhuku sizikhala bwino, kunyamula mazira ang'onoang'ono, nkhuku peck mazira.
Kuthamanga kwachibadwa
Ponena za makulitsidwe, mungapeze ndemanga zotsutsana kwambiri za mtundu uwu. Ena amanena kuti zibangili ndi nkhuku zazikulu zokhala ndi mphamvu zachibadwa za amayi. Ena amakhulupirira kuti brekel wamkazi ndi woipa kwambiri pakusakaniza mazira. Ngakhale kukula kwake kumakhala kochepa, brekel wamkazi amatha kutentha mpaka mazira 8 pa nthawi chifukwa cha mafunde ake aakulu.
Zomwe amangidwa
Mndandanda wodalirika wa ndende umakhudza kwambiri kukolola kwa nkhuku. Choncho, makonzedwe a nkhuku nkhu ndi bwalo ayenera kuyandikira moyenera kwambiri. Zomwezo zikugwiranso ntchito popatsa chakudya.
Kukonzekera kwa nkhuku nkhu ndi bwalo
Kholayo iyenera kukhala yosungunuka bwino kwambiri kotero kuti chizindikiro cha thermometer sichitha pansipa + 7-10 ° C. Kutentha sikofunika, kupatula kuti kumadera kwanuko kuli kotentha kwambiri. Pansi ayenera kuthiridwa ndi udzu wambiri kapena utuchi. Azimayiwa amafunika kumanga chisa chachikulu. Kupamwamba kwa kapangidwe kake, kumakhala kosavuta komanso kuteteza mbalame kudzamva. Onetsetsani kuti malo omwe ali pamtunda ndi okwanira kwa aliyense, popanda kuphwanya, kusokoneza komanso ngakhale kulimbana sikungapeweke. Kukula koyenera kumawerengedwa motere: kwa nthumwi iliyonse, 20-25 masentimita ayenera kupatsidwa. Kutalika kwa nsalu kungakhale 1-2 m, pamene makwerero amayenera kumangidwa kuti asatenge kugwa ndi kuvulala. 
Mkatimo muyenera kukhala malo a zisa. Ngati palibe chomwecho, nkhuku zidzathamangira kumbali yambiri yobisika ya bwalo, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zovuta kuti munthu ayang'ane mazira.
Ndikofunikira! Silver brekel sungakhoze kusungidwa mu khola. Nyama imasiyanitsidwa ndi kuyenda, chidwi ndi kusadziletsa kotero, chifukwa cholephera kusuntha, thanzi lake likhoza kuwonongeka kwambiri.
Chofunika kwambiri kukonzekera mbalame bwalo la kuyenda. Amasowa malo okwanira kuti azitha kuyenda bwino.
Pokonzekera gawolo, ganizirani zoterezi:
- Kuchokera m'deralo ndikofunika kuchotsa zinthu zomwe mbalame zingakumane nazo.
- mpanda uyenera kukhala wamphamvu kwambiri, mwinamwake mbalame zifulumira kukhala kunja;
- Mafaniziwo amachokeranso m'mphepete mwa mlengalenga, choncho pa tchalitchichi mumayenera kutambasula ukonde kapena kutera.
Mmene mungapiririre kuzizira
Kawirikawiri, mtunduwo umalekerera kutentha kwapansi, koma sungasinthidwe kuti ukhale ndi chisanu. Choncho, ngati chizindikiro pa thermometer chikutsikira pansi pa -10 ° C, ndi bwino kusiya kuyenda kwa mbalame. Mukhoza kuwamasula tsiku lopanda dzuwa, dzuwa, lopanda mphepo, popanda kutentha kwakukulu. Poyambirira, muyenera kuwaza gawoli ndi tinthu tambirimbiri ta utuchi kapena udzu. Chifukwa cha chisanu, berekeri ya siliva imakhala ndi zisa ndi ma paws.
Kodi mungadyetse nkhuku zotani?
Maziko a zakudya ndi zotere:
- Nkhumba zonse ndi zochepa (balere, tirigu, mapira, chimanga);
- m'chilimwe, 20% ya zakudya ayenera kukhala wobiriwira (clover, nyemba, nettle, udzu udzu);
- Nthawi zina mumatha kupanga mbalame ndi mizu (beets, kaloti, turnips, mbatata, dzungu);
- zinyama (mphutsi, fupa ndi nyama ya nyama, mkaka).
Ndikofunikira! Mu nyengo ya molting, yomwe imachitika kwa akazi chaka chilichonse, mbalame zimafuna kudyetsa kwambiri. Zili zachilendo kuti panthawiyi amasiya kunyamula.
Payenera kukhala ndi mwayi wopeza madzi abwino akumwa. M'nyengo yozizira, madzi ayenera kuyaka. Ndikofunika kuwonjezera tizilombo toyambitsa chakudya kuti tiwonjezere zokolola. Ndiponso brekeli, monga mtundu uliwonse wa nkhuku, mchere amafunikira. Izi zikhoza kukhala miyala ya shell, choko, miyala yamchere, mchere kapena phulusa. 
Nthawi zambiri amadyetsa katatu patsiku maola asanu ndi limodzi, nthawi yachisanu kukula kwa magawo kumafunika kuwonjezeka.
Phunzirani momwe mungapangire chakudya cha nkhuku kunyumba.
Zimabereka
Monga tanenera kale, pali kutsutsana kwakukulu ponena za chibadwa cha mtundu uwu. Ngati nkhuku imagwidwa kwambiri ndi yogwira ntchito, imatha kukhalabe yayimilira kwa nthawi yayitali, kuphulika ndi kulera ana ake mtsogolo. Ngati muli ndi nkhuku yoteroyo, muyenera kugwiritsa ntchito makina opangira. Pofuna kubereka bwino, m'pofunika kusunga chiwerengero cha akazi ndi abambo: payenera kukhala tambala limodzi pa nkhuku za 8-10.
Ŵerenganiponso za zosankha zosankhidwa ndi zizindikiro zazitsulo zabwino: "Cinderella", "Blitz", "Chiwombankhanga", "Mzere".
Kusakaniza kwa mazira
Kwa makulitsidwe, mazira akuluakulu kwa anthu wathanzi amasankhidwa ngati akazi atengedwa. Nthawi yotsiriza yopangira makina ndi masiku asanu ndi awiri. Musanayambe kusankha zinthu zomwe zimasankhidwa, muyenera kufufuzidwa mothandizidwa ndi ovoscope: kaya pali zovuta zilizonse, pomwe pali yolk, ngati pali chipinda cham'mlengalenga (chiyenera kumapeto). Kenaka, chipolopolocho chimachiritsidwa ndi mankhwala aliwonse ophera tizilombo toyambitsa matenda ndipo mazira amaikidwa mu chofungatira ndi mapeto. Chipangizochi chimafika pofika ku 37 ° C.
Mukudziwa? Zimatenga maola 24 kuti apange dzira labwino mu oviduct ya nkhuku.
Ngati mukukula nkhuku pamtundu waukulu, ndi bwino kugula makina opangidwa ndi fakitale yapadera ndi masensa komanso kusungunula kutentha ndi chinyezi. Mu chofungatira, mazira amakula kwa milungu itatu. Onetsetsani kuti muzindikire tsiku limene mutha kuyika zinthuzo muzitsulo! 
Zigawo zazikuluzikuluzi:
- Mlungu woyamba Ndikofunikira kutentha kutentha pa 38 ° C, chinyezi pafupifupi 60%. Kuyambira kuyambira masiku 3-4 kuchokera kumayambiriro kwa kutenthedwa, ndi kofunika kuti nthawi zonse muyambe kuyendetsa mazira ndi kutembenuza mazira kupita kumbali ina.
- Masiku 8-10. M'pofunika kuchepetsa kutentha kwa 1 ° C ndikuchepetsa chinyezi ndi 10%. Chiwerengero cha kuthamanga ndi kutembenuka kumatsikira mpaka 2 patsiku ndipo chimatsalira mpaka kubwereka kwa ana.
- Sabata lachiwiri Kutentha kumakhala kofanana, chinyezi chimadumpha kufika 45%. Panthawi imeneyi, mazira amafufuzidwa ndi ovoscope ndi osasankhidwa. Wotchulidwa mitsempha yotetezedwa, yotetezedwa pakatikati pa dzira, amasonyeza kulondola koyenera kwa kamwana kameneka.
- Kuchokera pa 19 mpaka tsiku la 24 kutsuka kumayamba. Ndikofunika kutulutsa kutentha ndi chinyezi (+ 39 ° С, 70%). Pambuyo pakutha ndi kuyanika, anapiye akhoza kutumizidwa ku bokosi lapadera.
Ana obadwa kumene amafunikira kuwala kolimba komanso kolimba kwa nthawi yoyamba, mpaka atakula.
Kusamalira ana
Ana obadwa kumene amabadwa akulemera 35-38 g wokha, amawoneka osadziwika, ofooka ndi osadulidwa. Komabe, patatha maola angapo, nthenga zikauma, nkhuku zimakhala ndi maonekedwe abwino. Ali ndi nthanzi zabwino ndi thanzi labwino kuyambira ali aang'ono, kotero chiwerengero cha anapiye apamwamba kwambiri - 90-95%. 
Masiku oyambirira ali mubokosi lokhala ndi kuyatsa ndi Kutentha. Pafupifupi sabata imodzi itatha kubadwa, anthu opindulitsa kwambiri ayenera kufufuzidwa ndi kusankhidwa.
Zomwe zimayendera:
- kutsika, kofewa, palibe zikhotakhota;
- maso ali okondweretsa, okongola, mafoni;
- anapiye amasonyeza ntchito ndi chidwi, atamva kuwala ndi zomveka;
- mapiko samatsitsa, osati kuwombera, osati kusuntha;
- palibe mabala ndi zochitika za magazi kapena ntchentche pamalo a umbilical chingwe
Pakafika msinkhu wa sabata imodzi, anapiye akhoza kuikidwa mu nkhuku nkhuku.
Chikudya Chakudya
Nkhuku zimadyetsa chakudya chawo kwa miyezi 1.5-2, kenako zimasintha ku chakudya cha "wamkulu". Kawirikawiri kudyetsa kangapo patsiku, kukula kwa magawo kuyenera kukhala kokwanira kuti makanda azidyetsedwa mokwanira. Pakafika zaka makumi asanu ndi limodzi (60), kukula kwa gawoli kumachepetsedwa ndi 15-20%. 
Maziko a zakudya za nkhuku yowonongeka ndi yaying'ono:
- dzira wophika;
- dothi la udzu (zosankha);
- Mbewu yambewu (mukhoza kutenga m'malo).
Zina mwa zathanzi zowonjezerapo: nsomba mafuta, yisiti, ascorbic acid. Pamene makanda akukula, pang'onopang'ono mukhoza kuwonjezera zakudya zina pang'onopang'ono mpaka mutengedwera ku menyu "akuluakulu".
Mbuzi m'malo mwake
Nkhuku brekel amasunga kukolola kwa zaka 3-4ndiye amakalamba. Choncho, chiwerengero cha nkhuku chikhoza kuchitika kamodzi pa nthawi yapadera.
Kuthamangira ku matenda
Pansi pa zida zonse za ndende, zakudya zabwino komanso kusakhala kozizira m'nyengo yozizira, silver brekel idzakusangalatsani ndi thanzi labwino komanso chitetezo chokwanira. Mbalamezi, monga mitundu ina ya nkhuku, ikhoza kukhala ndi nthomba. Pofuna kuteteza matenda, m'pofunika katemera nkhuku ali ndi miyezi iwiri. 
Mphamvu ndi zofooka
Nthawi zambiri, mtundu uwu umalandira malingaliro abwino ochokera kwa eni ake. Izi sizosadabwitsa, chifukwa sekeli ya siliva ili ndi zambiri phindu lokhutira:
- kukhala ndi chitetezo chabwino ndi thanzi, osadwaladwala;
- kutengeka kwa akazi ndi amuna;
- kukondweretsa diso ndi maonekedwe ake okongola;
- Nyama ya Brekel imayamikiridwa kwambiri chifukwa cha kukoma kwake kwachilendo, mofanana ndi zinziri;
- ndi zabwino, amasonyeza bwino dzira kupanga;
- Kupanga mazira kumapitirira mpaka kumapeto kwa moyo (kuchepa pang'ono m'nyengo yozizira);
- chakudya chosasamala komanso chisamaliro.
Komabe, pali zina zosokoneza:
- kusowa kapena osawonetsedwa mwachisawawa nasizhivaniya;
- Mazira amakhala ovuta ndi ovuta kukhala ndi mitundu ina;
- Nthawi zina amakumbukira zolakwa pa munthu.
Video: mtundu wa siliva brekel
Alimi a nkhuku amayamikira za mtundu wa brekel
Kawirikawiri, mtundu uwu ndi njira yabwino kwambiri pa zomwe zili pa tsamba. Kwa oyamba kumeneku m'ntchito ya nkhuku, izi sizitha kusankha bwino chifukwa cha mavuto omwe makolo awo ali nawo a brekel. Ndipo alimi odziwa nkhuku kuti azisunga zokongola za minofu sizikhala zovuta nkomwe. Pokhala ndi nkhuku zoyenera, mungathe kupeza mazira okwera mazira ndi zakudya zokoma, chakudya.
