Kona ya Africa, nkhalango zachilengedwe za Amazon kapena Asia yopanda chidwi - pafupi ndi, pawindo lanu, mumunda wachisanu kapena ku chipinda chogona.
Zimatheka ngati fern akukhazikika m'nyumba.
Zozizwitsa zosiyana, zovuta ndi zobiriwira ndi zobiriwira zam'madontho zam'mimba za mtundu Asplenium Banja la Kostentsov.
Zina mwa maudindo akutchulidwa ndi Appleniye, ndipo Kostenets.
Mwachilengedwe, pali amasiye mazana asanu ndi awiri a ferns, koma amakula makamaka m'nkhalango zam'madera otentha, kumene zimanyowa, nyengo yotentha imalola kuti zomera zowonjezereka zikule.
Ndiko komwe malo amodzi a zachirengedwe akadasungidwa, kumene zachilengedwe zimakhala pafupifupi mu mawonekedwe awo oyambirira.
Fern - zomera zakale kwambiri zapansi, miyala ya masamba ndi mapepala omwe amawamasulira pamapezeka kawirikawiri akatswiri a paleontologist. Ndipo chomera chodabwitsachi chingakhale m'nyumba mwako, kukongoletsa alpine slide kapena gazebo, chifukwa ferns komanso wodzichepetsa Amakhala pamapiri otsetsereka, mumng'oma yamdima, masamba amatha kufika kutalika kwa masentimita 60 mpaka 80.
Mitundu
Pali mitundu yambiri ya aspleenium, iliyonse imakhala yosangalatsa mwa njira yake, koma sikuti zonse ziri zoyenera m'nyumba za floriculture.
Asplenium - chomera cha epiphytic, mu chilengedwe, azimayi a banja lino amamva bwino pa mitengo ikuluikulu ya mitengo ikuluikulu, chifukwa "amatha kuunika".
Iwo akhoza yaitali kupirira kusowa kwa chinyezi zinthu zopindulitsa zowonjezera.
Mitengo yaing'ono imaphimbidwa ndi masamba ofa, omwe nthawi imodzi amadyetsa zomera, amalandira gawo la mchere kuchokera ku makungwa a mitengo.
Kuthetsa
Masamba ophimba pamtunda wa dziko lapansi anasonkhanitsidwa mu malo opangira mphamvu chobiriwira chobiriwira, kawiri kapena kanayi chophatikizidwa ndi chophimba, ndizitali kuposa theka la mita m'lifupi, mpaka masentimita 40 katatu.
Mphukira yomwe ili kumtunda kwa tsamba imatchedwa kuti ana a mbuzi, chifukwa ikagwa, imagwa ndipo imakhala yolimba mizu pa nthaka yonyowa, chifukwa mizu yawo ili pafupi kupanga.
Chithunzi subspecies Asplenium Kupatsa Moyo:
South Asia
Amadziwika bwino masamba akulu zomwe zimafika chimodzi ndi theka mamita ndi kusonkhanitsidwa mu rosette, lopangidwa ngati ndodo.
Ku South Asia asplenium, nthawi zonse amakhala olimba, oblong, koma amabwera ndi machitidwe osavunda. Rhizome ndi yandiweyani, ndi mizu yambiri yokondweretsa, ndikuyikakamiza.
Zithunzi za subpecies za Asplenium South Asia:
Kumeta
Makamaka odziwika bwino maluwa amalima. Kusasamala, kukulirakulira, kutalika kwa masamba ndi kusamalira bwino Mita 1 ndipo msinkhu wonsewu ndi aspenteum umakula bwino kwambiri: masamba atsopano akukula kuchokera pakati.
Koma simungathe kukhudza ma frond, iwo ali odekha, monga mwa mitundu yonse ya Kostenza.
Chisa cha Aspenium imakonda malo amodzi ozizira. Ndipo muzitsulo zomwe zikukula zomwe zikufanana ndi chisa, mu chikhalidwe cha chilengedwe chinyezi, masamba ndi tsamba la udzu limasonkhanitsa, tizilombo zakufa, nkhuku zimadyetsa zakudya.
Chithunzi subspecies Asplenium Gnezdovidny:
Lukovitsenosny
Zotchuka chifukwa osati mantha ndi chisanu. Inde, kutentha pansi pazero sikudzasamukira kwa iye, koma adzapulumuka kuzirala. Kukula kwapakati zovuta Fern imakula bwino m'madera ndi mpweya wabwino.
Chithunzi subspecies Asplenium Lukovitsenosny:
Bandworm
Nthaŵi zina amatchedwa tsamba la skolopendrovym, nyanga yamphongo, lilime lachirombo. Zikuwoneka ngati nyerere yakuda, masamba - mabotolo amakula mwamphamvu, ndipo amayamba kugwada mu arc. Mphepete wai wavy, wokongola kwambiri, yowoneka yachilendo. Kwa zipinda zozizira - chomera changwiro.
Chithunzi subspecies Asplenium Scholopendry:
Osaka (antikum)
Zodabwitsa kwambiri. Osaka sakonda pamene madzi alowa mkati mwake ndipo amakhudzidwa ndi ichi ndi chikasu chao ndi kufota kwawo. Masamba a Osaka akukula kufika mita, ali ndi pinnate, m'mphepete mwawo.
Zithunzi za Asplenium Osaka subspecies:
Nidusi
Choncho amatchedwa mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya nesting, yomwe masamba ake ndi okongoletsera, wokoma kwambiri ndi wofooka koma kufika kutalika kwa masentimita 60.
Zithunzi za subpecies za Asplenium Nidus:
Kusamalira kwanu
Zomwe zimasamalidwa mutagula
Ferns asplenium atagula ndithudi anasamukira ku chidebe china. Awo musati musamuke, ndikupitirira, Poyesera kumasula pang'ono mfundo zokhudzana ndi mizu, koma tisiyeni msuzi waukulu padziko lapansi. Sakanizani masamba, pine makungwa, humus ndi kokonati gawo lapansi.
Thirani madzi mumphika (osati ochuluka kwambiri), ndiye kusakaniza, kuyesera kukula fern mu malo odzazidwa bwino.
Ndipo apa Kostenets sakonda makope ambiri. Mizu iyenera kupuma bwino.
Kuunikira
Musakonde dzuwa lolowera, kutentha. Sungani chomera kapena chomera fern muzipinda zomwe sizipezeka kumbali ya dzuwa.
Kutentha
Asplenium imakula bwino ndipo ikukula kutentha kwa madigiri 16 mpaka 27. Iyo imakula bwino pa madigiri 21, m'nyengo yozizira ndi bwino kulipatsa mpumulo, kuchepetsa kutentha kwa madigiri 18.
Chinyezi
Mitundu iyi amafunika chinyezi chokwanira: 50-60 peresenti. Mpweya wouma ukhoza kuyambitsa masamba. Sitiyenera kukhala otentha pafupi ndi mphika wa maluwa.
Kuthirira
Asleniums okonda kusuntha anamwetsa mosamala kwambiri.
Nthaka mu mphika ayenera kukhala yonyowa, koma osati kuvunda, madzi anathira mu poto adzathandiza kupeŵa kuyanika.
M'nyengo yozizira, mbewu imathirira kwambiri, koma 1 - 2 pa sabata.
Kuwaza
Mitundu ya maluwa imapangidwanso kamodzi kokha kamodzi pa zaka ziwiri, pamene mizu yayesa bwino danga la chidebecho.
Kupaka pamwamba
M'chaka ndi m'dzinja ndi bwino kuthirira madzi. anaikapo chidwi Manyowa opangidwa ndi zomera zamkati, koma mosamala mwatcheru mlingo - tiller amafunika kwambiri kuposa maluwa ambiri. Fermerets yapamwamba kwambiri ndi Kostenets ku epiphytes, ma orchids omwewo, ndipo ayenera kudyetsedwa mosamala.
Kudulira
Kudulidwa masamba okha akale kapena owonongeka. Ngati tsamba lina lawonongeka, dulani mosamala ndi kuthira mbewuyo tsiku ndi tsiku, izi zimathandiza kuti mitengoyi ikhale yoyera.
Kuswana
Kodi chomera chotchedwa Asplenium chimabala bwanji? Izi zimachitika m'njira zingapo:
Mikangano
Pambuyo kudula tsamba ndi spores (imakula pamunsi mwa tsamba), mosamala mosonkhanitsa spores pa pepala loyera loyera. Mu malo otentha, kumene madzi ndi nthaka ndi peat zimaphimbidwa, chomera mbewu, ziphimbe ndi galasi ndikuyika malo ozizira.
Nthaŵi zambiri mumatulutsa mpweya wotentha, madzi, ndi mu miyezi 2 - 3 mudzawona achinyamata akuphuka. Tsopano mungathe kukhala ochepa kunja kwa mbeu, ndikusiya mphukira zamphamvu. Fern amabzalidwa miphika yokhayokha pokhapokha ikayamba bwino.
Impso
Njira yosavuta yofalitsira viviparous fern.
Ma Hillocks amapangidwa pamasamba, pomwe maluwa amayamba kukula. Kuchokera pamenepo kumapanga chomera ndi masamba ndi petioles - mizu.
Mwa kukumba chidutswa cha mphulupulu ndi zochepa zoterezi zikumera m'dziko lotayirira, mukhoza kukula fern.
Ndipo iwe ukhoza kungodikirira mpaka mphukira ya ana igwa ndipo imayamba mizu.
Chomeracho chimakumbidwa mosamalitsa ndikubzala mumphika watsopano.
Chigawo cha Rhizome
Pambuyo pofufuzira muzu pamene mukuwongolera, lembani mfundo zonse za kukula. Ngati palibe ambiri a iwo, ndiye kuti sikoyenera kugawa asplenium kuti asawononge.
Ndipo ngati mulipo okwanira, ndiye mudzawona momwe msanga wachinyamata akuyamba kukula.
Zina mwa zolakwika zomwe ziyenera kupeŵedwa, kuwonjezera pa kuyatsa ndi chinyezi, m'poyenera kuganizira kuti chomera sichimakonda madzi, madzi ovuta kapena chlorinated, otentha kwambiri. Zonsezi zingayambitse imfa ya asplenium.
Matenda ndi tizirombo
Kuuma fern kungapangitse imvi zowola, mabakiteriya, ndi kupewa ndizoletsedwa kuthirira.
Kugwiritsira ntchito molakwika feteleza zingayambitse malo - Ferns amakonda kwambiri acidity, kumbukirani izi.
Ngati mabala a bulauni amaoneka pa aspleenium, ikhoza kukhala nematode, yomwe imakhala yovuta kwambiri kuchiritsa fern. Pankhaniyi, chomeracho chiyenera kuchitaya.
Kutsiliza
Kulima ferns si kophweka. Koma posankha pa izi, simungakhoze kuima: zodabwitsa kwambiri lurks mu zomera zodabwitsa izi. Ndipo mwamsanga, mwinamwake, mudzafuna kukhala mwini wa munda wawung'ono wa fernji pawindo lanu.
Zina zowonjezera m'nyumba ndizo: Pelley, Pteris, Cirtomium, Nephrolepis, Adiantum, Davallia, Blehnum, Salvinia, Polypodium, Platicerium, Uzzhnik ndi Humulus.
