Nkhosa za Merino - Izi ndi nkhosa zowonongeka bwino. Kawirikawiri amamera ubweya wofewa, wofewa, wowonjezera omwe sagwera pansi. Ngakhale pali mitundu ya nyama. Tiyeni tizimvetsetsa zomwe zilipo, chisamaliro ndi kubereka.
Mukudziwa? M'zaka za m'ma 1600, Spain ndi dziko lokhalo limene limabereka mtundu uwu. Kuchotsa nkhosa izi kunja kwa dziko kunali kulangidwa ndi imfa.
Zina zimabweretsa merino
Nkhosazi sizing'onozing'ono pakusamalidwa ndi zakudya, zimagwirizana bwino ndi nyengo iliyonse, zimakhala zazikulu, ndipo ubweya wonyezimira wonyezimira, womwe ndi woyera kwambiri, umakhala wofiira (15-25 microns). Kutalika kwake ndi 8.5-9 masentimita pa nkhosa yamphongo, 7.5-8.5 masentimita kwa nkhosa. Imateteza thupi lonse la nkhosa, kusiya nsomba zokha, mphuno ndi nyanga kutseguka, zili ndi mafuta, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zachikasu.
Chaka chonse, nkhosa imodzi imapereka makilogalamu khumi ndi awiri (11-12 kg). Chinthu chosiyana ndi ubweya uwu ndi chakuti sichimva fungo la thukuta. Merino ili ndi msana wamphamvu, thupi lolingana ndi miyendo yambiri. Mipiringu imakhala ndi nyanga zoyenda. Kulemera kwake kwa merino, ndi nyama zazikulu kapena zazikulu. Amuna amatha kukula kufika pa 100-125 makilogalamu, zolembera zolembera zinalembedwa - 148 makilogalamu. Ewe amayeza makilogalamu 45-55, okwana 98 kg.
Koshara kwa nkhosa
Kwa kosara (nyumba ya nkhosa, kapena nkhosa yokhetsedwa), yowuma, yotentha m'nyengo yozizira komanso yozizira mu chilimwe, mpweya wokwanira (koma popanda ndodo) amagwiritsidwa ntchito chipinda. Zinyumba zikhoza kusapulidwa, adobe, mapulani (m'malo ozizira m'nyengo yozizira). Monga lamulo, kuteteza kutentha, kosara imamangidwa pa milu ndipo ili ndi mawonekedwe a kalata "P" kapena "G". Ndipo kutalika kwake sikupitirira 2 mamita. Pakhomo liyenera kukhala pa mbali ya dzuwa, khalani ndi malo. Ndi mphepo yamtundu wa mphepo yomwe ikupezeka pafupi ndi nyumbayo, yikani paddock (kakang'ono kawiri ka khola la nkhosa) ndi nkhoswe ndi chakudya ndi kuimika ndi mpanda wandiweyani.
Kawirikawiri, chimbudzi chokhazikika kapena matabwa akugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati chikho, ndipo chikhocho chili ndi mawonekedwe angapo. Chombo chilichonse chakumwa chiyenera kukhala pafupifupi 90 malita mu volume, chifukwa chinyama chilichonse chimamwa madzi okwanira 6-10 pa tsiku. Zomwe zili mu merino zimasonyeza malo a nkhosa ndi zowala mosiyana. Chipindacho chagawidwa ndi chithandizo cha zikopa zowonongeka ndi odyetsa, chifukwa kukonzanso kwa ziweto kudzachitika nthawi zambiri, ndipo sikuyenera kugwiritsa ntchito mapepala osatha.
M'nyengo yozizira nyengo ya nyengo, chisamaliro chiyenera kutengedwa kuti amange mipanda yotentha ndi denga pakati - heatworms. Kutentha kwakukulu ndi 4 - 6 ° C, komanso kwa greenhouses - 12 ° C.
Ndikofunikira! Gwiritsani ntchito zikhalidwe zaderalo: pa nkhosa iliyonse iyenera kukhala 2 lalikulu mamita. M, nkhosa iliyonse - 1.5 lalikulu mamita. M, pachiberekero cha zinyalala - 2.2-2.5 lalikulu mamita. m, mwanawankhosa - 0,7 mita mamita. m
Nkhosa za Merino zimadyetsa
Kumera kumayambira kumapeto kwa April - May, dzuwa likawala kwambiri kuti liume mame, ndipo udzu umakula mpaka masentimita 8 mpaka 10. Pambuyo pake, ngati ubweya wa merino umatenthedwa ndi udzu pa kutentha kwambiri, izi zingachititse kuti kuzizira.
M'chilimwe, mame sali oopsa, ndipo msipu umayamba m'mawa, kuyambira 11 mpaka 17 koloko nkhosa zimaloledwa kuyembekezera kutentha mumthunzi wa mitengo, pansi pa denga, kapena pa scarecrow. Kenaka mudyetsenso, kale mpaka 22 koloko.
M'nyengo yophukira, msipu waperewera - kuyambira 11 koloko mpaka 1 tsiku, pambuyo pake, kupuma. Ndiye inu mukhoza kudyetsa mpaka madzulo.
Zakudya za nkhosa zimabweretsa zabwino
Kudyetsa nkhosa za merino ndizosavuta, koma zimaphatikizapo zakudya zosiyanasiyana, zowonjezera zakudya komanso zosiyana ndi nyengo.
- M'chaka chiri udzu watsopano, chakudya cha vitamini chokhazikika, udzu (koma osati silo), mchere ndi madzi.
- M'chilimwe, zakudya zimakhalabe zofanana, kukula kwa udzu kumawonjezeka, ndipo kuchepa kumachepa (kuchokera 650-350 g mpaka 200 g).
- M'kugwa, udzu wokhala ndi udzu, wapamwamba kwambiri udzu, mchere umatha. (mchere), pafupifupi kilogalamu ya mbatata, nandolo ndi madzi.
- M'nyengo yozizira (kuphatikizapo maulendoa) apite kukadyetsa: high quality silage kapena udzu, wothira chakudya, mpaka 3 kg masamba (mbatata, nandolo, maapulo, kaloti, beets), miyala ndi mineral mchere ndi madzi.
Kudya kwa ana a nkhosa mpaka miyezi itatu makamaka ndi mkaka. Mwanawankhosa, wamasiye wopanda mayi, amadyetsedwa mkaka (ndizotheka ng'ombe) ndi kuwonjezera zakudya za vitamini zomwe zimagwiritsa ntchito mavupulu. Pakadutsa miyezi itatu, kumwa mofulumira kumawonjezeka theka la kilogalamu patsiku.Kusamalira merino nkhosa
Kusamalira mtundu uwu kumaphatikizapo kudula, kusamba ndi kusunga ziboda.
Kuweta nkhosa
Kukonzekera kwa akuluakulu a Merino kumachitika kamodzi pachaka - m'chaka. Mwanawankhosa amene anabadwira masika amamera chaka chotsatira, ndi omwe anabadwa pakati - mapeto a dzinja - mu June-August (kupatula kuti tsitsi kumbuyo, mapewa ndi mbali zinakula kufika 3.5-4 cm).
Kukonzekera kumakhudza thanzi la zinyama. Nkhosa yosatha silingalekerere kutentha, kutaya thupi. Sankhani nsanja yotchinga, ikani chishango chamatabwa 1.5 x 1.5 mamita apo ndikuphimba ndi chopangira.
Ndikofunikira! Tsiku loyamba kumeta, nkhosa sizimadyetsedwa kapena kuthirira (kuti zisatuluke matumbo), sizizimeta tsitsi ndi tsitsi lofewa, nyama sizitembenuzidwa kumbuyo kwake, sizimangobwereka mmimba, kapena tsitsi silidulidwe. Onse adula nsalu imodzi.
Yang'anani nkhosa mutatha kuvala, perekani zitsulo zilizonse ndi mankhwala ophera tizilombo toyambitsa matenda ndikuziteteza ku dzuwa ndi kuzizira kwa sabata yamawa kapena awiri.Nkhosa zosamba
Samalani kusamba nkhosa. Pakatha masabata awiri kapena atatu mutatha kuveketsa, komanso m'nyengo yozizira, mutatha kumenyana ndi ana a nkhosa, mu nyengo yozizira, muthamangitse gululo mu dzenje lakuya (madzi sayenera kukhala pamwamba pa khosi) yodzazidwa ndi madzi ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda. Mzere uyenera kukhala wochuluka ndipo kuchoka, mmalo mwake, ukhale wofatsa.
Yendetsani nkhosa kugawanika. Pambuyo kusambira mamita 10, chinyamacho chiyenera kutuluka mumadzi kumbali ina ya dzenje. Mukhoza kugwiritsa ntchito ndi kusamba kosakaniza ndi kupopera kwa jet kwa njira yothetsera 2 atmospheres. Nkhosa zimasambitsidwa ngati mutasintha kuchokera ku nyumba imodzi kupita ku ina.
Kusamalira zala
Pakubereka merino nkhosa, ndi bwino kudziŵa kuti mfundo yawo yofooka ndi nsomba zawo, ndi kuwasamalira bwino, mwinamwake zinyama ziyamba kuyamba ndipo zingadwale ndi zowola. Mu mwezi, ziboda zimakula ndi 5 mm. Kuphatikizanso, zimakhala zosavuta kudzipiritsa pansi pa khungu, monga zotsekemera, zimakhala ndi dothi, manyowa, kutupa kumayamba. Malowa amafunika kutsukidwa nthawi zonse ndi kukonzedwa kangapo pachaka. Kuyendera kwawo kukhale koyenera.
Ngati ndi kotheka, chotsani dothi kuchokera kumalo osakanikirana ndi kudula nsonga. Kuti muchite izi, yikani nkhosa pansi, yikonzekerere pogwiritsira ntchito pruner kapena mpeni, perekani nyanga nthawi zonse, koma osawonetsa mbali yofewa ya ziboda. Ndizosavuta kuchita izi mutatha mvula. Chimodzimodzinso ndi chiberekero chakuya (pa miyezi 4-5 ya mimba), yomwe imatsutsana ndi ziboda zokhala ndi ziboda, chifukwa zingabweretse padera.
Kukhalapo kwa nkhosa yamphongo yamphongo iyenera kufufuzidwa kawirikawiri, chifukwa iwo amapezeka kwambiri ndi matendawa. Kuwonetseredwa kwake kudzakhala fungo losasangalatsa lochokera ku ziboda. Kupewa kudzaperekedwa pamabedi owuma, kuyeretsa chipinda nthawi yake komanso kusamba kwapakati pa sabata ndi 15% yothetsera salt kapena 5% ya mchere sulphate.
Mukudziwa? M'chaka cha 2003, Kazakhstan, ndi chaka cha 2015 ndi Kyrgyzstan, anapereka zikampampu zosonyeza nkhosa za merino.
Zapadera za nkhosa zosunga m'nyengo yozizira
Mwezi umodzi usanayambe nyengo yachisanu (nthawi), chitani chithandizo choletsa zinyama (kuwononga, kuyeza, kuyeza, kutsutsana ndi nkhanambo). Ngati malowa sakhala okhwima ndipo palibe chitoliro, ndiye kuti chiyenera kukhala m'malo mwa galasi ndi nsalu yofunda, kutentha zitseko, komanso kusokoneza mipata. Pansi pake muli ndi udzu, umene umadzaza tsiku ndi tsiku.
Manyowa ayenera kuyeretsedwa panthaŵi yake. Koma ngati mumasunga nkhosa m'khola la nkhosa mopanda malire, izi zidzatengera kuzimva kwawo, kuzizira, kudyetsa, kudzapangitsa matenda. Choncho, gwiritsani ntchito mwayi uliwonse wa msipu. Ponena za chakudya cha chisanu, chidziwitso chafotokozedwa pamwambapa.
Kubalanso kwa merino
Poganizira nthawi yomwe mimba ya mimba imatha (masabata 20 mpaka 22), woweta nkhosa amawerengera nthawi imene nkhosa yamphongo idzagwa. Ndi bwino kusankha mapeto a nyengo yozizira kapena kumayambiriro kwa kasupe, kotero kuti makanda a ana a nkhosa asapitirire kuzizira kwambiri, ndipo poyambirira kudyetsa - zomera zazing'ono zokwanira. Ng'ombe zazikazi zidzafuna chakudya chowonjezeka ndikuwonetsa nkhawa zakuthupi kwa nyama izi, makamaka musanayambe kudya. Ubele ndi 130-140%.
Mwachibadwa
Nkhosa ya nkhosa yofiira yofiira yamphongo yomwe imakhala ndi nkhosa yamphongo ikhoza kukwanitsa ikafika chaka chimodzi. Amuna amaphimba akazi kwa masiku 1-2 (kuphatikizapo maola angapo). Nkhosa ikadapanda kuvala, ndondomeko imabwerezedwa pambuyo pa masabata angapo.
Kuwombera nkhosa
Amagwiritsiridwa ntchito, monga lamulo, pofuna kubereka nkhosa, kuti apititse patsogolo mtundu, amalola kuchepetsa chiwerengero cha opanga nkhosa. Nkhosa zimabweretsedwa mu makina apadera, ndipo umuna wonse woyeretsedwa wa umuna umayikidwa mu vagina ndi sitiroko ndi katswiri wa vet / zoo.
Ndikofunikira! Nkhosa zimalekerera njira yobereka. Koma mavuto amatha kuchitika, mwachitsanzo, chikhodzodzo chakuda kwambiri. Ngati chigoba chake sichikuphulika pa kutuluka, mwanawankhosa akhoza kufooka. Pankhaniyi, iyenera kuthyoledwa pokhapokha, kenako imamasulire mlengalenga ndi kubwereranso kwa mayiyo.
Kusunga ndi kusamalira nkhosa za merino kumabweretsa mavuto, koma zimapereka ndalama pambuyo poti ameta. Pambuyo pake, ubweya wawo wokongola, wofewa, wofewa, wofewa kwambiri - imodzi mwa mtengo wapatali komanso wofunidwa mumsika wa nsalu.
