Zosakaniza za mbewu "Cyclamen Mix": mitundu yotchuka, momwe angabzalidwe ndi kusamalira zomera

Kuthana ndi njoka panyumba sikophweka, komabe, pakubwera kwa mitundu yatsopano ndi hybrids, mavuto akuchepa. Zing'onoting'ono ndizodzichepetsa, kuwasamalira ndi zophweka komanso zophweka.

Mitundu yatsopanoyi imaphatikizapo mitundu yambiri ya ma cyclomen, omwe amapanga zosakaniza zodabwitsa. Mitengo ya cyclamen si yodabwitsa, koma chizindikiro chomwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito posakaniza michere ya cyclamen, monga lamulo, yazing'ono zazikulu zimagulitsidwa.

Mdziko ndi mbiri

Cyclamen amaonedwa kuti ndi malo obadwira ku gombe la Mediterranean. Maluwa oyamba omwe ankalima kale anali ochokera ku zomera zakutchire zomwe zinkapezeka ku Cyprus ndi ku Girisi.

Ku Ulaya, njinga zamoto zinayamba kutchuka kumapeto kwa zaka zana ndi zisanu ndi ziwiri zapakati pa khumi ndi zisanu ndi ziwiri, ndipo kuyambira nthawi imeneyo, mitundu yambiri yoyambirira ndi yanyamale yayambira padziko lapansi. Malo otsogolera pakusankha kwa mabomba masiku ano amachitika ndi makampani a maluwa a Netherlands, Germany, Italy, ndi France. Izo zinali mu ma laboratories awo kakang'ono kofiirasi omwe ankalandira omwe amasiyana mofanana ndi mtundu wa maluwa ndi masamba.

Kwa cyclamen kusakaniza, zomera zochokera ku Persian cyclamen nthawi zambiri amasankhidwa., ndi maluwa akulu ndi chitsamba chamtundu. Zimakhala zosavuta kupeza zosakaniza zopangidwa ndi mtundu wosakanizidwa wa European (wofiirira) cyclamen. Pamene kugula ndi kofunika kufotokoza mtundu wa maluwa unali maziko a maluwa osakaniza.

Malongosoledwe a zomera

Cyclamen ndi therere losatha. Iye ali:

• pang'ono flattened, spherical, tuberous tuber, kukula pakati mpaka 15 masentimita, ndi njira yaying'ono mizu ikukula pa "pansi", osati kupanga ana aang'ono (osagwirizana ndi European);
• mchere, wofiira, waukulu (mpaka masentimita 14), masamba obiriwira a mtundu wa bluu mu mawonekedwe a mtima wambiri kapena ovunda;
• Pakhomo la pepalali muli ndi golide wa siliva kapena golide wonyezimira.
• mu mitundu ya European, mbali ya m'munsi ya tsambali ndi wofiirira;
• Zitsamba zamaluwa, zolimba, zazikulu, zobiriwira zimakula kuchokera ku tuber;
• maluwa ngati gulugufe (masentimita 3-12) okhala ndi lanceolate opotoka pang'ono, zopindika zokhotakhota;
• Bokosi la zipatso ndi mbewu zing'onozing'ono pamtunda wautali wotchingira womwe umatsikira kumtunda pamene ukupsa;
• limamasula kwambiri, chomera chimodzi chokhoza kupanga maluwa 100 pa nyengo;
• nthawi yamaluwa ndi yaitali;
• Panthawi ina yonse, chomera chimatulutsa masamba.

Mitengo yambiri yamakono yamakono imachokera ku Persian cyclamen (C. persicum), ya mtundu wa Cyclamen (Cyclamen), banja la Primordias (Primulaceae).

Ndikofunikira! Ku Ulaya nyengo yamaluwa imakhala nyengo yamvula. M'nyengo yozizira, duwa likupumula. Mu Perisiya, ena onse amabwera m'chilimwe.

Mitundu yotchuka

Mitundu yambiri yakhala ikukhala ndi maluwa osiyana siyana: zazikulu ndi zing'onozing'ono-zimayandama, ndi mitundu yosavuta komanso yowomba maluwa, zofiira kapena zosalala za mitundu yosiyanasiyana - zoyera, zofiirira, zofiirira, pinki, zofiirira, zofiira, chitumbuwa, pafupifupi zakuda. Palinso mtundu wa mitundu iwiri ya masamba (moto ndi picotee).

Malinga ndi kukula kwake, magetsi amagawidwa m'magulu atatu:

• miyezo (maxi) mpaka 30 cm;
• wamtali wamkati (midi) - mpaka masentimita 22;
• pansi (mini) - osapitirira 15 masentimita.

Cyclamen kusakaniza kawirikawiri amaimiridwa ndi mndandanda (zomera za mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mitundu) yazing'ono zomera. Amagawidwa mu kusanganikirana kwa mini ndi patiyan mix mix, ngakhale mutha kupeza maluwa osakaniza ndi wamtali omwe amakhala ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mitundu imodzi kapena mitundu ingapo.

Mini

Pakati pa ma cyclamen mini otchuka:

• Silver Silver.
• Midori.
• Winfall.
• Chozizwitsa.
• Libretto.
• Silverado.
• Jeanette.
• Silverhear.
• Super Verano.
• Chipale chofewa.
• Microsorum.

Ali ndi maluwa akuluakulu, oposa mamita 4.

Patio

Phalasitiki yosakanikirana ndi cyclamen ndi yaing'ono kwambiri mpaka 10 cm pamwamba:

• Mirabelle.
• Chidole.
• Kaori.
• Nthata zazing'ono.

Mitengo yaing'onoting'ono, mtundu wa mtundu wofiira kuchoka ku zoyera mpaka mtundu uliwonse wofiira, lilac, lilac. Maluwa kuyambira September mpaka March-April. Mitundu ina ya hybrids siimathamanga ndipo imatha kuphulika chaka chonse ndi kupuma kochepa.

Kufotokozera ndi zithunzi za mitundu yabwino kwambiri ya cyclamen zitha kupezeka m'nkhaniyi.

Kodi ndikuti ndingabzala bwanji?

Malamulo a kubzala ndi kusunga ana samasiyana kwambiri ndi malamulo oti akule achibale awo.

Njira

Mukamabzala mbewu kutsatira ndondomekoyi:

1. Mbeu zosasamalidwa zimanyowa madzi ofunda kwa tsiku;
2. nthaka yosadetsedwa imatsanuliridwa mabokosi kapena miphika yosiyana ndi ngalande ya madzi;
3. Mbeu zimayikidwa pamtunda waukulu kwambiri, ndipo zimadetsedwa ndi nthaka yochepa (5mm) ya nthaka kapena vermiculite;
4. Mabokosi a mbewu amaikidwa pamalo amdima ndi kutentha osadutsa + 20 ºC;
5. pambuyo pa mawonekedwe 2-3 woona masamba, mbande akhala mu miphika.

Kuunikira ndi malo

Miphika imayikidwa kummawa, kumpoto chakum'mawa, ndi kumadzulo kwawindo, kutali ndi zipangizo zotentha. Musalole kuti chomeracho chiwatsogolere dzuwa, ndikuwotcha masamba.

Ndikofunikira! Chomera sichimalola kuwonongeka kwa mpweya, mpweya wofumbika, sikoyenera kuikamo ku khitchini, zipinda zosuta fodya.

Zosowa za nthaka

Kuti chitukuko choyenera chikhale chofunikira pamafunika nthaka yosalekerera kapena yofooka kwambiri yomwe ili ndi pH ya 5.5-6 acidity. Dothi lokonzeka ndi loyenera kwa geraniums, tomato, tsabola (Terra Vitta, Florin, Klassman, Sturgeon).

Kusakaniza nthaka kungakonzedwe popanda kugwiritsa ntchito mapepala ena:

• gawo limodzi la tsamba ndi sod land, mchenga wa mtsinje, zowonongeka humus;
• gawo limodzi la mchenga, magawo awiri a kudzaza mafuta (peat, chikopa cha kokonati, humus).

Kusamalira kwanu

Sakanizani chisamaliro sichisiyana kwambiri ndi chisamaliro cha cyclamen nthawi zonse:

• Kutentha Chomeracho chimafuna kutentha kotentha kwa + 14-16 ° C. Mitambo yaing'ono yamakono mu chipinda chofunda kwambiri ikhoza kukhazikitsidwa, kuti ipange kutentha kwakukulu, pakati pa mafelemu a zenera.
• Kuthirira Kuteteza zomera kuti zisavute - pangani kuthirira "pansi". Pachifukwa ichi, mzere wa peat umayikidwa mu tray ndi madzi, yomwe pakhomo imayikidwa kuti ikhale yosagwirizana ndi madzi. Pakati pa maluwa ochuluka madzi ndi madzi kutentha 1 nthawi mu masiku atatu.
  Mu nthawi ya tsamba regrowth, yofunika chinyezi (50-60%) amasungidwa ndi kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa mpweya kuzungulira mphika. Ndi chiyambi cha budding kupopera mbewu.
• Mbewu. Masamba a cyclamen sali odulidwa, ndipo pang'onopang'ono sagwedezeka kapena kuyembekezera mpaka atagwa okha. Madzi ozungulira ndi maluwa othamanga amadulidwa ndi mpeni wowala wosalala m'munsi.
• Kudyetsa. Mu gawo la kukula kwachangu ndi maluwa, cyclamen imadyetsedwa masabata awiri aliwonse ndi zovuta zamchere feteleza kwa maluwa ndi otsika nayitrogeni wokhutira (Agricola, Master, Biohumus, AVA).
• Samalani nthawi yochepa. Pambuyo pa maluwa, kuthirira ndi kuchepetsedwa, kudyetsa kwaimitsidwa. Mphika uli ndi belu la pepala kapena kutsukidwa pamalo amdima, ozizira.
• Kuwaza Ndi maonekedwe a masamba ang'onoang'ono pa tuber, tuber imaikidwa mu mphika watsopano ndi awiri a 1-2 masentimita kuposa kale.

Matenda ndi tizirombo

Zina mwa matenda wamba a cyclamen kusakaniza:

• Matenda osagwidwa ndi matenda a rhizoctonia.
• ndulu mizu nematodes;
• chiwonetsero;
• masamba amkuwa amtundu;
• chithunzi;
• fusarium wilt;
• phytophlorosis.

Mwa tizirombo timaluwa ndi owopsa kwambiri:

• thrips;
• tizilombo toyambitsa kangaude, ma cyclomene, ndi nthata zamadzi;
• aphid;
• schitovka.

Ndikofunikira! Tizilombo toyambitsa matenda timagwiritsidwa ntchito polamulira tizilombo toyambitsa matenda (Aktar, Actellic, Fufanon). Ndi matenda amphamvu, zomera zowonongeka zimawonongeka.

Njira zoberekera

Mitengo yonse yamakono imabereka ndi mbewu ndi vegetatively, Persian - pogawa tuber, European ndi thandizo la mwana wamkazi klubashkov.

Mbewu

Posankha njira ya mbeu, ziyenera kuganiziridwa kuti pafupifupi onse cyclamen mix hybrids. Choncho, kuti apeze duwa lomwe limatchulidwa kuti varietal zizindikiro zake sizidzagwira ntchito. Muyenera kugula zosakaniza m'masitolo.

Tuber

Ngakhale kuti njirayi imaonedwa ngati yoopsa kwambiri, imapereka zotsatira zabwino ndipo maluwa amapezeka mofulumira. Lamuloli ndi lotsatira:

1. Pambuyo pake, tuber ndi masamba ang'onoang'ono amakula;
2. kudula chidutswa cha diso ndi diso;
3. odulidwa ndi ufa ndi mafuta a makala;
4. Kuyala kufalikira panthaka, osasiya kutseguka;
5. Dhakayi imayikidwa pamalo amdima kapena ili ndi chophimba chakuda chomwe chimapuma.

Pamene njira yosabzala zomera zimayang'anitsitsa kwambiri kuthirira. Pang'ono ndi pang'ono, madzi odulidwawo amatha kufa.

Zomera zofanana

Mofananamo ndi cyclamen mu mawu a maluwa ndi kukula zinthu za angapo m'nyumba zikhalidwe.

Pembedzani

Chomera chochepa (25-30 cm), chokhala ndi maluwa asanu a petal buluu, wachikasu, wofiira, pinki, woyera.

Nyenyezi ya Khirisimasi kapena Poinsettia

Chomeracho chimaperekedwa ndi bracts yofiira kwambiri.

Azalea

Mitengo yaitali ya banja la Rhododendron.

Camelia

Zitsamba zamtundu uliwonse kuchokera ku banja la tiyi.

Chipale chofewa kapena hiondoks

Chomera chaching'ono chokongola chokhala ndi masamba mpaka masentimita 12 m'litali ndi peduncle mpaka 20 cm pamwamba.
Kufalikira kumayambiriro kwa masika.

Sakanizani cyclamens amatha kukondweretsa alimi ovuta kwambiri. Pokhala ndi chisamaliro choyenera, iwo adzakondweretsa maso a ena, apereka eni eni maminiti osangalatsa.