Ndi anthu ochepa omwe amadziwa kuti kukula kwa mtedza m'dziko sikofunikira kupeza mbeu - ndikwanira kudzala chipatso cha mtengo molondola. Kuti mudziwe momwe mungachitire izi, werengani nkhani zathu.
Kusankhidwa kwa kubzala zakuthupi
Kaya njira yokhalira mtengo kuchokera ku chipatso idzapambana ndi kusankha kusungidwa kwabwino.
Choyamba muyenera kudziwa zimenezo chipatso chiyenera kukhala kuchokera ku zokolola zatsopanozomwe sizinayambe kuyanika, kapena kutentha mankhwala. Kaleka mtedza, kumera kunachepetsedwa kwambiri. Choncho, m'pofunika kupeza zipatso za kubzala kapena kuzifufuza kuchokera kwa anthu omwe adzikhala m'nyengo ya chilimwe ndi wamaluwa kuyambira mu September. Ma mtedza sayenera kudalirika, popeza sakudziwika ngati amatulutsidwa kapena momwe amachitira mwatsopano. Njira yabwino ikanakhala, ndithudi, mtedza wodzisankhira okha. 
Chipatsocho chiyenera kucha, ndipo chipolopolo chake - popanda banga, kuwonongeka. Ziyenera kukhala zoonda. Sankhani makope ayenera kukhala aakulu. Asanayambe sampuli, ndibwino kuyesa mtedza ndikusankha zokoma kwambiri.
Zosakaniza ziyenera kusankhidwa monga zingakulire m'deralo. Pali mitundu yambiri yomwe ikuyenera kukula kumpoto ndi nyengo yozizira, mwachitsanzo, "Ideal" kapena hybrids ya mtedza ndi imvi kapena Manchurian mtedza.
Kukonzekera koyamba
Musanadzalemo mtedza muyenera kukonzekera - mwa kutentha, madzi ndi dzuwa. Ngati mukukonzekera kudzala chomera masika, ndiye kuti ndi kofunikira kuti muzitsatira. Pogwiritsiridwa ntchito kwake, zipatso za mtedza zimayikidwa mu chidebe ndi mchenga wosungunuka, umene umayikidwa pamalo ndi kutentha kwa 0 mpaka + 5 ° C, mwachitsanzo, mufiriji kapena m'chipinda chapansi. Stratification imatenga miyezi itatu kapena inayi. Pakatha masabata atatu kapena anayi, mtedzawo uyenera kuchotsedwa ndi kuwedzeredwa, ndipo mchengawo ukhale wothira. Pambuyo pa stratification, kubzala zinthu zikhoza kuikidwa pansi.
Pali njira ina yowakhalira kasupe - ikani mtedza kwa mwezi umodzi kutentha pansipa + 10 ° C, ndiyeno zilowerereni masiku awiri mpaka 5 (kutentha kutentha). Ayenera kuikidwa mu chidebe ndi madzi kuti aone komwe kuli koyenera kubzala ndi omwe ali ndi mwayi waukulu kuti amere. Ndikofunika kusankha zitsanzo zomwe zagwera pansi, muyenera kuchotsa zomwe zikuyandama pamwamba. Kuchokera m'madzi muyenera kuchotsa mwamsanga chipatsocho, chomwe chinatsegula zitseko za chipolopolo ndipo mizu idawonekera.
Mukudziwa? Chithunzi chojambula kwambiri cha Leonardo da Vinci "The Lady with Ermine" amalembedwa m'mafuta pamtengo wa mtedza wokwanira 54.8 ndi 40.3 cm.
Kuti msana ukhale wokhwima komanso wakula, chipatsocho chimalowetsedwa m'zitsulo ndi chonyowa kapena mchenga wouma, zomwe zimayikidwa m'chipinda chokhala ndi kutentha kwa 25-28 ° C. Pakapita masiku 5-10, mizu idzafika mpaka 0,5-1 masentimita. Pambuyo pake, zitsulozo ziyenera kuchotsedwa pamalo ozizira asanafike. 
N'zotheka kukula palimodzi ndi zipatso zopanda kanthu, komabe zoyamba zimakula bwino komanso mofulumira.
Kuti muwayeretseni, muyenera kuchotsa mosamala kwambiri chipolopolo chachikulu ndipo musapweteke mkati. Ndibwino kuti mutenge ndondomekoyi pogwiritsa ntchito magolovesi, chifukwa masamba obiriwira omwe amawunikira kumakhala kovuta kutsuka zizindikiro pakhungu.
Ndikofunikira! Ngati chigoba chamkati chikuvulazidwa, mtedza sungamere kapena kachilombo kotsatira kamene kakudwala.
Pakati pa kasupe kubzala, mu April, mtedza wosankhidwa uyenera kuuma. Amaikidwa pamalo osanjikizika m'modzi wosanjikiza ndikuyika dzuwa kwa masiku angapo. Pambuyo pake amatumizidwa kwa masiku 2-3 kuti adzawoneke pamalo othunzi. Kuyanika ndi chithandizo cha zipangizo zamakono ndiletsedwa.
Pamene kumayambiriro kwa autumn kubzala stratification, kumera ndi kuyanika kubzala sikufunika.
Video: Nut Stratification
Kusankha malo pa tsamba
Mtengo waukulu wa mtedza umafika pamtunda waukulu - kufika mamita 25, ndipo umafalitsa korona. Thunthu limakula mpaka mamita atatu mpaka 7, kupatulapo ilo limapanga mizu yamphamvu. Choncho, mtengo umasankha malo akulu, kutali ndi zomera zina, kuti mtedza usawaphimbire ndi mthunzi wake. Zomwezo zikugwiranso ntchito ku nyumba - mizu ingangokuvulaza maziko. Mtunda pakati pa mitengo ya mtedza iyenera kukhala mamita asanu.
Ndizosangalatsa kuwerenga za ubwino ndi ngozi za walnuts kwa amayi ndi abambo, komanso za katundu wa chipolopolo, magawo ndi mtedza wobiriwira.
Maluwa a Berry akhoza kubzalidwa nthawi yomweyo ndi mtedza - mpaka mtengo ukafika kukula komwe kungalepheretse kukula ndi chitukuko, akhoza kukupatsani inu zokolola zisanu ndi chimodzi mpaka zisanu ndi zinayi.
Nkofunikanso kuti kumalo kumene kukonzedweratu kudzala mbewu, panalibe madzi osungirako pansi. 
Kukula bwino ndi fruiting zikhoza kuyembekezeka ku mitengo yobzala m'madzi ozizira otentha, nthaka yakuda m'malo abwino. Mtedza amakonda malo osaloĊµerera komanso osakanikirana ndi nthaka. Nthaka isanayambe idakonzekera pasadakhale, kupanga feteleza ndi kuchepetsa.
Mukudziwa? Ku China, mbiri inalembedwa mwamsanga kuthyola zipolopolo za mtedza ndi dzanja. Wokhala m'dziko lino, Li Weijun mu masekondi 55 anakumana ndi zipatso 302.
Kubzala mbewu poyera
Choncho, monga momwe mwamvera kale, mtedza ukhoza kubzalidwa mu kugwa - mu September-Oktoba, ndipo mu April - pakati pa April. Chombo chodzala chiyenera kukonzedwa ndi kuya kwa masentimita 60-80 ndipo nthakayo iyenera kumangidwa ndi manyowa (chidebe chimodzi), superphosphate (galasi limodzi) ndi phulusa la matabwa (magalasi awiri). Ndi bwino kuzichita pasadakhale, pafupi mwezi kapena ziwiri musanafike.
Zipatso ziyenera kubzalidwa mumabowo 30 mpaka 30 cm. Mitengo itatu kapena inayi imayikidwa bwino. Amayika mthunzi wokwera. Ngati simukutsatira ndondomeko iyi, chomeracho chikhoza kuyamba fruiting patatha zaka zitatu.
Pulogalamu yolima imayenera kukhala ngati katatu kapena masentimita awiri mbali ziwiri za 20-25 masentimita. Ngati zomera zingapo zimere, ndiye kuti wamphamvuyo ayenera kusankhidwa. 
Pambuyo poyika chipatso mu dzenje, iwo ali ndi dothi. Mukamabzala m'dzinja, kuthirira sikofunikira, koma nthaka iyenera kuikidwa ndi peyala 10 kapena 20-cm ya peat, masamba owuma, udzu, spruce kapena utuchi wa utuchi: ndikofunikira kuteteza chinyezi ndi kuteteza zomera zachitsulo ku dzuwa.
Pamene kasupe kubzala mphukira kuonekera patapita masiku khumi. M'dzinja, kutalika kwa mbande kumatha kufika 10-15 masentimita.
Awerengenso za kulima komniti wa mtedza.
Mukamadzala kugwa, mphukira ziyenera kuyembekezedwa mu May chaka chamawa. Pali nthawi pamene mtedza umabala pambuyo pa chaka.
Video: Zina mwa kubzala mbeu ya autumn
Kusamalanso kwina
M'tsogolo, chisamaliro chidzakhala kumapeto kwa chilimwe, kumasula nthaka, kukulitsa mitengo yambiri ndi kudulira akuluakulu.
Kuthirira koyamba kumachitika mu May. Iyenera kupangidwa kawiri pamwezi. Padzatenga pafupifupi 4 malita pa mbeu. Mu August, chinyezichi chimasiya kuti mtengo ukhoza kulekerera nyengo yozizira ndi chisanu mwachizolowezi.
Mitengo yomwe mtengo wake wafika kutalika kwa mamita 4 ukhoza kuthiriridwa kawirikawiri.
Zomera mpaka zaka ziwiri m'nyengo yamvula yozizira. Kumapeto kwa masabata oyambirira a March, kuyambira chaka chachiwiri cha moyo, amapanga kudulira, ndipo kenako - kamodzi kapena kawiri pachaka - kudulira mwadongo.
Dziwani zochitika za kudulira mitengo m'chaka, m'dzinja, m'chilimwe.
Nthambi zomwe zimamera pamtunda waukulu zimadulidwa, zomwe zimatchedwa "nsonga", komanso zomwe zimayandikana kwambiri, zowuma ndi zofooka.
Zovala zapamwamba zimapangidwa kawiri pa chaka - ndi feteleza zamchere m'chaka ndi phosphorus-potaziyamu m'dzinja.
Ndikofunikira! Musanayambe kubala chipatso, sayenera kudyetsedwa ndi feteleza mchere. Izi zikudzaza ndi chitukuko cha bacteriosis.
Momwe mungamere mtedza mu mphika
Zipatso zokonzedweratu zimatha kutumizidwa kumalo osungirako kapena kumangoyamba kumera m'miphika, kenako zimamera mbande. Mukasankha njira yomalizayi, mukhoza kukwaniritsa bwino kumera komanso nyengo yozizira yachitsamba. Pogwiritsiridwa ntchito kwake ndikofunikira kusamalira kugula zida ndi kukonzekera gawo. 
Kusakaniza kwa nthaka
Nthaka yachonde ya kumera ingagulidwe pa malo apadera ogulitsa, komanso idziphike nokha. Izi zichitike gawo limodzi la dziko la Turkey, peat ndi humus.
Mphamvu
Mphamvu ndi bwino kutenga voliyumu ndi kuya 25-30 cm. Kukula kwake kuyenera kukhala kokwanira pa chitukuko cha mizu. Sitima yachiwiri, chifukwa cha mphukira zazing'ono, iyenera kukhala kawiri ngati bulky ndi yozama.
Tikufika
Zipatso zimabzalidwa pakati kapena pafupi mapeto. April. Poyamba, mphika umadzaza ndi gawo limodzi mwa magawo atatu aliwonse ndi ngalande yomwe nthaka imagwiritsidwa.
Zipatsozo zimayikidwa mu dzenje ndi kuya kwa masentimita 7-8 masentimita kumapeto pansi ndipo amawaza ndi gawo lapansi. Pambuyo pake, imadzisungunuka ndipo imatha kutentha kwa 25-28 ° C ndi kuunika kwambiri kuchokera masiku 5 mpaka 10. Mukhoza kuphimba chidebecho ndi galasi kuti muwonetsetse kutentha kwa mini. Pankhani iyi, kuyendetsa nthawi ndi nthawi kudzafunika.
Mphukira yoyamba iyenera kuyembekezera masabata awiri kapena awiri. 
Komanso, chipatso chikhoza kubzalidwa mu kugwa. Atatha, amatumizidwa pamalo ozizira, mwachitsanzo, khonde kapena cellar, mpaka February. Kenaka amafunika kuikidwa m'chipinda chofunda komanso kowonongeka nthawi zonse. Kuwombera kumawonekera pambuyo pa masiku khumi. Pambuyo pake, amatumizidwa ku chidebe chachikulu, chomwe chimayikidwa pawindo lazenera ndikupitiriza kukhala wothira.
Werengani komanso za matenda ndi tizirombo ta mtedza.
Kusamalira mbande
Mbewu zachinyamata zidzafunikira kuunikira bwinomu mthunzi iwo adzakula molakwika. Nkofunika kuti mutsimikizire kuti mpira wa dziko sumauma. Mbande zimayenera kusungunuka nthawi zonse komanso mochuluka, koma kuti zisawononge chinyezi, chifukwa zimadzaza ndi chitukuko cha zowola.
Zikamakhala zotentha, chomeracho chiyenera kuumitsidwa - tsiku lililonse kwa maola angapo kuti apite kumsewu, pang'onopang'ono kuwonjezeka nthawi ya kuwomba. Ndikofunika kuonetsetsa kuti mtengo sukugwa pansi.
Kutentha mumsewu, mizu iyenera kutetezedwa ku kutenthedwa. Kuwatulutsira kunja kwa chipinda, iwo ayenera kuphimbidwa ndi nsalu yonyowa kapena kuika mu chidebe cha madzi ozizira.
Pofuna kudyetsa zomera, muyenera kugwiritsa ntchito zovuta feteleza ndi mkulu wa potaziyamu. Kuwaza mbande kunalimbikitsa kawiri pamwezi panthawi yogwira ntchito ndikukula. 
Ngati nthendayi ikukonzekera kuti ikhale yochuluka mu chidebe, isanafike zaka zakubadwa, idzapachikidwa chaka chilichonse mu mphika kapena tub, yaikulu nthawi iliyonse yochera gawo limodzi mwa magawo atatu. Mtengo ukafika msinkhu wa zaka zinayi, umadulidwa kamodzi pakatha zaka zisanu, ndipo chaka chilichonse umaponyedwa ku thunthu la nthaka yabwino.
Mtedza woterewu ukhoza kupanga korona wina uliwonse. Chodulira choyamba chikuchitika zaka ziwiri. Crohn amatha kupanga zaka zinayi. M'tsogolomu, kudulidwa kwaukhondo kokalamba ndi ofooka kudzafunika. Iyo imapangidwa mu kasupe ndi yophukira.
Tikukulangizani kuti muwerenge za kulima mtedza: chimanga, wakuda mtedza.
Kusunthira ku malo osatha
Ngati akukonzekera kudzala mbande mu mphika, ndiye kuti chaka chotsatira mutabzala, ndiko kuti, mwezi wa April-May. Panthawi ino, zimayambira ziyenera kufika kutalika kwa masentimita 20.
Chombo chotsetsereka chimakonzedwa mozama pafupifupi 1 mamita, feteledwa ndi manyowa ndi superphosphate ndi phulusa la nkhuni. Chomeracho chimachotsedwa mosamala m'phika popanda kuwononga mizu. Taproot imadulidwa gawo limodzi mwa magawo atatu: izi zidzalimbikitsanso chitukuko cha mizu yotsatira. Mbewu imayikidwa m'nthaka kuti mzu wazuwo ukhale masentimita 3-4 pamwamba pake. Mthunzi wobzala ndi mtengo umadzazidwa ndi nthaka, yaying'ono ndi yowonjezera bwino. Pofuna kuteteza thunthu lachitsamba chachinyontho, zimamangirizidwa kukhwangwala pambali.
Kusamaliranso kwina kudzafunikira chimodzimodzi ndi mbande zomwe zidabzala yomweyo kutseguka pansi. Tinafotokozera zigawo zake mu gawo limodzi.
Video: Chodzala mbande za nut mu malo osatha
Nthawi iti idzabala chipatso
Ena wamaluwa ndi wamaluwa sakufulumira kudzala mtedza chifukwa chimodzi - simungadye zipatso posachedwa. Ngati mtengo udabzalidwa motsatira ndondomekozo ndipo unatsatiridwa ndi chisamaliro chapamwamba, fruiting yoyamba ikhoza kuchitika zaka zisanu ndi ziwiri kenako. Kawirikawiri, zipatso zoyamba zimaonekera zaka 10-15.
Zipatso zimayamba kuyeretsa mwamsanga pamene ming'alu ikuwonekera pazomera zobiriwira.
Ndizosangalatsa kuwerenga za ubwino ndi zoopsa za mtedza wa thupi la munthu: makoswe, hazelnuts, hazel, macadamia, Brazil, mkungudza (akazi), pistachios, pecans, wakuda, amondi, mandimu.
Choncho, mtedza ndi mtengo wodziwika kwambiri, womwe ungapezeke kwambiri pa dacha. Kutchuka kwake kumakhala kosavuta kubzala ndi kusamalira, zipatso zokoma ndi zathanzi. Kukula mtedza ndi kophweka ku chipatso. Kudzala mbewu mbeu pansi pa mphamvu ngakhale woyang'anira munda. Ngati mugwiritsa ntchito malangizowo oyenera kubzala, mudzatha kudya mtedza kuchokera ku mtengo wobzalidwa ndikukulira nokha pambuyo pa zaka 10-15.
