Selaginella, yemwe amadziwikanso ndi dzina la pulagi, ndi chivundikiro chamtunda chokhala ndi masamba osatseka. Alimi okongola amatchuka kwambiri ndi alimi a maluwa, koma si aliyense amene adzaganize zotenga chomera chotere. Selaginella amafunikira chinyezi chokwera kwambiri, chifukwa kunyumba, m'nkhalango yamvula, imatha kukhala m'madzi kwa miyezi yambiri. Ndipo komabe, ndizotheka kukula selaginella kunyumba, poyamika idzakondwera ndi mphukira zachilendo.
Kutanthauzira kwa Botanical
Selaginella ndi wa banja lina la Selaginella moyo wa plun. Ndiye kuti siwofunda kapena chomera chowundikira ndipo chilipo padziko lapansi kwotalikirapo kuposa chilichonse. Mitundu ya Epiphytic ndi yapadziko lapansi imachitika mu mtundu. Onsewa ali ndi mphukira zokwawa kapena zotumphuka ndi njira zambiri zopyapyala.
Pokhala ndi nthambi zazifupi, masamba ang'onoang'ono pafupifupi 5 mm atali pafupi. Iwo, ngati masikelo, amaphimba mphukira ndikuwapatsa mawonekedwe otseguka. Timapepala tating'ono tating'ono tating'ono tokhala ndi timizere tating'ono timakhala tili ndi zofewa ndipo timatha mawonekedwe osiyanasiyana. Mtundu wa masamba amasiyana kuchokera kubiriwira wobiriwira mpaka wobiriwira wakuda bii. Palinso mitundu yamtundu wa masamba amtundu wa buluu kapena wachitsulo.
Nthambi zina za selaginella zimathera mu spikelets yaying'ono ndi sporangia ya mawonekedwe osiyanasiyana. Zomera zingapo kapena zing'onozing'ono zing'onozing'onozo zimaphukira mkati mwake.
Mitundu ya Selaginella
Mitundu ya selaginella ndiyambiri, ili ndi mitundu yoposa 700. Komabe, ndi ena mwa iwo okha omwe adatha kusintha chikhalidwe. Odziwika kwambiri ndi awa:
Selaginella Martens. Chomera chimakhala ndi mphukira zowongoka, zophukira kwambiri mpaka 30 cm. Mwanjira, ndizofanana kwambiri ndi fern fronds. Nthambi zikamakula, zimatha kugwa pang'ono. Mtundu wa masamba ndi wobiriwira wowala ndi sporangia wagolide.
Kalasi yokongoletsera Selaginella Martensi Jory kapena Yori imakhala ndi kukula kocheperako ndipo imakopa ndimawonekedwe osalala. Tchire lowoneka bwino ndi mphukira zowoneka bwino za mtundu wobiriwira ndi golide wopendekera kufalikira kuchokera kumadera otentha aku South America.
Selaginella alibe miyendo. Mtunduwu chifukwa cha kukongoletsa kwake ukufunika kwambiri pakati pa wamaluwa. Zomera zazifupi zazifupi zimakhala ndi mawonekedwe osazungulira ndipo zimakutidwa ndi masamba ang'onoang'ono osema. Mumphika, chomera cha selaginella chimapanga chipewa kapena tambula yolimba yobiriwira.
Selaginella scaly (lepidophyllum). Nthambi zotalika mpaka 10cm ndizitali zazifupi zobiriwira. Mosiyana ndi zina zonse, mtunduwu umamera m'malo achipululu. PosoĊµa chinyezi, imawuma ndikupanga mpira wopepuka, ndipo nthawi yamvula imatseguka ndikukhalanso ndi moyo. Mwa ichi, mmera uja amatchedwa "chomera choukitsa" kapena "Yeriko duwa."
Selaginella Swiss. Zosatha zimakhala ndi mphukira zotayirira. Amakutidwa ndi masamba akuluakulu ndi kuwala kowoneka bwino. M'mphepete mwa masamba ndi kakang'ono, kawiri cilia.
Selaginella Vildenova. Mphukira, zokhazikika kapena zowala zimaphimba masamba ang'onoang'ono. Ali ndi utoto wamtambo wobiriwira ndi utoto wabuluu.
Njira zolerera
Kubereka kwa selaginella nthawi zambiri kumachitika pogwiritsa ntchito njira zamasamba. Kuti mukule mliri kuchokera ku spore, muyenera kuchita khama kwambiri ndipo kenako zotsatira zake sizotsimikizika.
Mu nthawi yamasika, mukasendeza, mutha kugawa chitsamba chachikulire m'magawo angapo. Nthawi zambiri, mphukira imakhala ndi mizu ing'onoing'ono, motero kugawa kumatha kukhala kochepa kwambiri. Delenki ayenera kubzala m'miphika yaying'ono ndi peat nthaka. Pambuyo poika, ndikofunikira kuti pakhale chinyezi chambiri.
Mutha kufalitsa selaginella ndi mizu yodula. Kuti muchite izi, ndikokwanira kutenga gawo la tsinde ndi kutalika pafupifupi masentimita 5-7. Kuzika mizu kumachitika munyambo wonyowa. Ndikulimbikitsidwa kupopera mphukira pafupipafupi kapena kuwaphimba ndi zojambulazo ndi kupuma mpweya pafupipafupi. Mizu imatenga masabata 1-2, kenako mbewuyo imayamba kutulutsa mphukira zazing'ono.
Zinthu Zogulitsa
Selaginella amafunika kumuwonjezera pafupipafupi. Chomera chimadzaza msuzi wonse ndikufunika malo atsopano. Ndondomeko imachitika chaka chilichonse kapena chaka chilichonse. Mphika uyenera kumwedwa mopanda kutalika. Zida zowongolera ziyenera kuyikidwa pansi.
Dothi la kangaude liyenera kukhala lopatsa thanzi, komanso osatenga mbali kapena asidi. Itha kupangidwa ndi zigawo izi:
- peat;
- mchenga wowuma;
- pepala lapansi.
Pakubzala, mbali ina ya dothi lakale lomwe liyenera kuchotsedwa kuti mbewuyo ilandire michere yambiri kuchokera kumagawo atsopano.
Zinsinsi Zosamalira Zomera
Maluwa a Selaginella ndi ovuta kuwasamalira, chifukwa olima maluwa ambiri sakhala nthawi yayitali. Sikuti aliyense angathe kukhala malo achinyezi ofanana ndi nkhalango yamvula. Ngati ndizovuta kupanga malo abwino mchipindacho, ndiye kuti mutha kugwiritsa ntchito selaginella popanga botolo kapena kukulira mu aquarium.
Kuwala M'nyumba selaginella imafunikira nyali zazitali, zosakhalitsa. Itha kuyikidwa pawindo lakumpoto kapena kusungidwa kumbuyo kwa chipindacho.
Kutentha Kutentha kokwanira m'chipinda momwe selaginella imakulira pazikhala + 18 ... + 20 ° C. Amayenera kuthandizidwa chaka chonse. Zomera sizifunikira kuzizira kapena nthawi yozizira. Ngati thermometer ikuwerengera pansi + 12 ° C, selaginella akhoza kufa. Ndikofunika kutengera mbewu kumtunda watsopano kwa chilimwe pokhapokha ngati pali malo abwino, opanda mthunzi pafupi ndi malo osungirako. Koma ngakhale pankhaniyi, muyenera kusamalira chitetezo chodalirika pazokonzekera.
Chinyezi mpweya pafupi ndi duwa uyenera kukhala 70-80%. Kuti muzisamalira, muyenera kuthira chisoti chachifumu ka 4-5 patsiku, ikani ma pallet ndi madzi kapena dongo lonyowa pafupi nalo ndikutulutsa chinyontho. M'nyengo yozizira, muyenera kuchotsa miphika kuchokera pa batri kuchokera ku chomera momwe mungathere.
Kuthirira. Selaginella amayenera kuthiriridwa madzi pafupipafupi, dothi liyenera kukhala lonyowa pang'ono, apo ayi masamba amatembenukira chikaso ndikuuma. Madzi ofewa ofunda firiji ayenera kutsukidwa bwino ndi zosayera. Ndikulimbikitsidwa kuyitsanulira mu chikwama kuti dothi limalilidwe payekha.
Feteleza. Kuyambira Epulo mpaka Seputembala, muyenera kudyetsa mbewuyo kawiri pamwezi. Gwiritsani ntchito yankho la mchere kuti mulinso maluwa okongoletsa mkati. Hafu ya mlingo womwe wasonyezedwa paphukusi uyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito.
Zovuta pakasamalidwe
Selaginella adazolowera kusefukira kwamtunda m'nthaka, kotero samakonda kuvutika ndi mizu zowola. Tizilombo toyambitsa tiziromboti timavutanso chomera. Vuto lalikulu ndikukhazikitsa malo othandizira kuti pakhale kukongola kwa malo otentha. Ndi mawonekedwe ake, imatha kuwonetsa chisamaliro chosayenera:
- amasiya mdima ndikusirira m'chipinda chotentha kwambiri;
- timapepala timakhala topepuka kapena kowonekera bwino ndi kuwunikira kwambiri;
- mapesi amawonekera m'zipinda zakuda kwambiri;
- Masamba omwe ali kumapeto kwa mphukirawo amawuma ndipo amagwa kumowuma kwambiri;
- Amasiya kupindika ndi kugwa kuchokera kukakonzekera.
