Kukula kwazomera kwa mbande (tomato, tsabola, nkhaka, mphesa): kufotokoza ndi makhalidwe

Anthu mwachibadwa amafuna kuti zikhale zabwino ndikuwoneka mwamsanga. Anthu a m'nyengo ya chilimwe, alimi wamaluwa, alimi wamaluwa mwanjira imeneyi ndi osiyana. Ndipo mothandizidwa ndi sayansi iwo adapeza njira zokhutiritsa zikhumbo zoterezi.

Kukula kwazomera: Kodi amagwiritsidwa ntchito chiyani?

Kulephera kwa kukolola kwa mbeu ndi kuchuluka kwake, komwe kunakhazikitsidwa mwachibadwa, kwaphunzira kupambana ndi chithandizo cha kukula kwa mbeu (kuyambira mbande). Koma kuthamanga ndi kuchuluka kwa mphamvu zowonjezera sikutha. Pa nthawi yomweyi, mavuto omwe amachititsa kuti zinthu zikhale zovuta kupirira zokolola zam'maluwa ndi munda wamunda kuti zikhale zosautsa kapena zachilendo nyengo, komanso kukana kwa tizilombo ndi matenda, zidzathetsedwa.

Momwe mungapezere otsogolera kukula

Zachilengedwe za phytohormones m'magulu a zomera zilizonse zomwe zimayambitsa chilengedwe cha chitukuko chake. Pali chikhalidwe chenichenicho cha zomwe zimachitika pazigawo izi. Gibberellins ndi olamulira a maluwa ndi fruiting, chifukwa cha auxinsins, mizu mapangidwe ndi metabolism amakhazikitsidwa, ndi chitukuko cha masamba ndi mphukira zimagwirizanitsidwa ndi cytokinins. Mahomoni otchulidwawo adatha kukhala osungulumwa ndipo, poyambitsa zitsanzo zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pa teknoloji yaulimi, yankhani funso la momwe mungapititsire patsogolo kukula kwa zomera. Kupanga zowonjezera zowonjezera kwakhazikitsidwa podzipatula zinthu zofunikira kuchokera ku zipangizo zakuthupi - mabakiteriya, algae, bowa, komanso zomwe zimayambira kuchokera ku peat ndi malasha. Panthawi imodzimodziyo, tinatha kupanga ndi kupanga bungwe lopanga maselo, zomwe zakhala zopanda kusiyana ndi zachirengedwe.

Mukudziwa? Ndizoloŵezi yotchuka yogwiritsira ntchito mankhwala ndi aloe ndi uchi uchi njira zowonjezera kukula kwa zomera.

Kufotokozera ndi maonekedwe a otchuka kwambiri

Kuwonjezera apo timalangiza kuti tidziŵe bwino kwambiri ntchito zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga zamasamba m'munda wamaluwa.

"Bud"

Dzina la mankhwalawa limasonyeza bwino kuti ndizolimbikitsa kwambiri maluwa. Zachigawo zake zazikulu ndi sodium salt ndi gibberellic acid, yomwe ndi chinthu chofunikira kwambiri pa mahomoni a zomera, pa ntchito yomwe zomera ndi fruiting zimadalira.

Pakati pa kukula kwa zomera, mankhwalawa amagwiritsidwa ntchito kuwathandiza, monga lamulo, kawiri:

• monga chokulitsa chomera chomera, "Bud" imagwiritsidwa ntchito ngakhale asanayambe budding kuti lifulumizitse maluwa;
• Chotsitsimutsa cha mapangidwe a zipatso "Buton" imatumikira, ikagwiritsidwa ntchito pambuyo popanga mazira, omwe amachititsa kuwonjezeka kwa mlingo wa mapangidwe.

Kwa chikhalidwe chosiyana, ndondomeko yosiyana ya ntchito ya "Bud" ikufunikanso. Pofuna kukonza nkhaka, mukufunikira 10 malita a madzi kuti muwonjezere 10 g wa mankhwalawa, tomato - 15 g. Kugwiritsa ntchito madzi okonzedwansowa ndi chimodzimodzi - 4 malita pa 100 mita mamita. mamita akubzala munda.

Koma pali zida mu nthawi yogwiritsira ntchito:

• tomato amasinthidwa kokha pa siteji yoyamba, pamene maburashi atatu oyambirira akuphulika;
• kwa nkhaka, kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa katatu: 1) pakuoneka tsamba ili, 2) kumayambiriro kwa maluwa ndipo 3) panthawi ya maluwa ofulumira.

Chotsatira chachikulu chogwiritsira ntchito kukula kotereku kwa ndiwo zamasamba ndikumatha kuonjezera zokolola zawo ndi 30-40% (chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa chiwindi cha mazira) ndi kufulumizitsa kucha kwa pafupifupi sabata. Komabe, kuwonjezera apo, "Bud" imathandiza kuti chilala chikhale cholimba komanso chisanu chikhale chotsutsana ndi zomera, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti azikhalabe ndi moyo komanso zimapindula kwambiri ndi zakudya komanso zakudya zowonjezera.

"Ovary"

Kugwiritsidwa kwabwino kwa sodium salt ya gibberellic acid ndi kufufuza zinthu kumabweretsa zotsatira za kupititsa patsogolo metabolism wa chomera chithandizo ndi kukonzekera "Ovary". Monga choyembekezeredwa, zotsatira zake sizingowonjezereka pokhazikitsa njira zatsopano, komanso kuwonjezeka kwa chiwerengero cha mazira. Komanso, zipatso zakucha zimakula nthawi ndi voliyumu (mwa 15-30%). Zonsezi zikhoza kuchitidwa ngakhale nyengo yosasangalatsa, chifukwa zotsatira za kukula kwa chomera ichi zimaperekanso kuwonjezereka kwa kukana kwawo kupsinjika.

Pamene chikhumbo chokwaniritsa zotsatirazi chikuphatikizidwa ndi chikhumbo choonjezera kukana kwa masamba olima kumapeto kwa zovuta, macrosporosis, Septoria ndi matenda ena, ndiye kuti chipatso cha chipatso cha "Ovary" chimagwiritsidwa ntchito. Kawirikawiri kwa onse ogwiritsa ntchito chomera kukula chowombera "Ovary" ndizo zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pokhudzana ndi zolimbitsa thupi, monga opanga akuchenjeza, zoopsa. Pachifukwa ichi, njira yothandizira yotsegula imafunika kugwiritsidwa ntchito patsiku lomwe limapangidwa ngati kulibe nyengo ndi nyengo. Kuti phindu la zomera, kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa kuchitidwa m'mawa kapena madzulo.

Zomwe zimayambitsidwa ndi njira zomwe zimagwirizanitsidwa ndi zikhalidwe zosiyanasiyana zimasiyana kale:

• Kuwonjezeka kwa zokolola za tomato kumathandizidwa ndi kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa ndi Ovary (2 g / l), chizindikiro chomwe chidzakhala chiyambi cha maluwa pa tchire la maburashi atatu oyambirira;
• Tsabola amathiridwa ndi zofanana, koma kawiri nthawi zosiyanasiyana - kuchokera pachiyambi cha budding ndiyeno maluwa;
• Pofuna kuthandizira nkhaka, sagwiritsidwa ntchito pang'ono (2 g ya kukonzekera amadzipangidwira mu 1.4 malita a madzi), ndipo kupopera mbewu kumayambitsa maluwa amodzi, kenako pamtunda waukulu;
• Chokhachokha chimagwiritsidwanso ntchito pokonza mphesa - nthawi yokhayo pa maluwa, mtsogolo wamphesa wamphesa amatengedwa ndi njira yomweyo monga tomato ndi tsabola.

"Etamon"

"Etamon" ndi imodzi mwa zinthu zomwe zakhala zikuchitika posachedwa pazinthu zowonjezera zomera. Chomerachi chimalandira mankhwalawa ndi chakudya cha foliar, omwe alimi amalingalira kuti amakhala omasuka kuposa kuthirira pansi pazu. Zotsatira za Etamon chifukwa cha mitundu yambiri ya nayitrogeni ndi phosphorous zimayambitsa kusintha kwa mavitamini m'midzi, zomwe zimatulutsa zakudya zomwe zimakhala mofulumira komanso bwino. Izi zikuwonetsedwa ndi kuwonjezereka kwa chitukuko cha mizu ndi mbewu yonse. Zomwe zimapindulitsa pa zamasamba, "Etamon" samasamala za nthaka, ngakhale kuti zimalimbikitsanso choyamba kuti zitsamba ndi zobiriwira. Koma mphamvu ya chikoka chake ikhoza kuwonjezeka ngati stimulatoryo ikupanga mbali imodzi yokhala ndi feteleza wambiri. Malo opititsa patsogolo omwe akuyimira kukula kotereku amalingalira ngati mbande za tomato, nkhaka, eggplant ndi tsabola kuti akhale ndi mizu yolimba, yomwe imapindula poyipiritsa zikhalidwe izi ndi kukonzekera.

Ndikofunikira! Toxic osati kwa anthu okha, komanso njuchi!

"Kornevin"

Mzuwu wopanga mphukira "Kornevin" umapangidwa ngati mawonekedwe a poizoni wochuluka ndi mankhwala ambiri (indolylbutyric acid) a 5 g / kg. Sagwiritsidwe ntchito kothetsera vuto, komanso mu mawonekedwe owuma. Powani ngati ufa, perekani musanayambe kulowa mu nthaka mizu ya mbande kapena zomera. Pakuti cuttings, pangani yankho (5-gram phukusi "Kornevina" anatsanulira mu botolo asanu lita ndi madzi). Musanalowetse mizu mu njirayi, yikani mizu ndi madzi. Pamene "Kornevin" ikuwonekera mwachindunji m'nthaka, chida chake chimagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati heteroachoxy phytohormone, chomwe chimachititsa kuti chitukuko cha mzuwo chifulumire, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale mapulogalamu osagwira ntchito (callus). Potaziyamu, manganese, molybdenum ndi phosphorous yomwe ili mu Kornevine imakhalanso ndi phindu linalake pa chitukuko cha zomera.

Ndikofunikira! Kuwonjezera pa "muzu" wadzaza ndi mizu yovunda ndikumafa imfa.

"Wopikisana"

Chomera chabwino kwambiri cha kukula kwa zomera, makamaka kwa masamba ndi mphesa, chalimbikitsidwa ndi mankhwala "Wotsutsana", omwe amagwira ntchito polyethylene glycol (770 g / l), potassium humate (30 g / l) ndi succinic asidi (10 g / l). Zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pogwiritsa ntchito "Wopikisana" ndizoonjezera zokolola za 10-30%, kuwonjezera makhalidwe ake, kuchepetsa mtengo wa feteleza.

Zotsatira izi zimapezeka chifukwa cha kukhalapo kwa mankhwalawa:

• kuwonjezeka kwa zomera kumera mphamvu;
• kusintha mizu yabwino;
• Kulimbikitsanso kukula ndi kukula kwa mbeu;
• kuteteza zomera kupsinjika ndi kuyaka pamene akuchiritsidwa ndi mankhwala ophera tizilombo;
• kuwonjezeka kwa chitetezo chomera;
• chitetezo ku chisokonezo cha nyengo chosadziwika;
• kuwonjezera mphamvu za fungicides ndi mankhwala ena otetezera zomera.

Processing Foliar

"Heteroauxin"

Heteroauxin, monga imatchedwanso indolylacetic acid, yatsimikizira kuti ndi chida chabwino kwambiri chokula kwa mizu ya zomera. Kugwiritsa ntchito kwake kwabwino kunakondedwa kwambiri ndi ogula kuti ngakhale kukambirana kunayambira pa mutu wakuti: "Ndibwinoko, Kornevin" kapena "Heteroauxin." Theoretically, anthu omwe ali nawo pa mkangano uwu adakali osatsutsika, ndipo pakuchita, ogwiritsa ntchito nthaka amagwiritsira ntchito bwino mankhwala onsewa (makamaka popeza ali ofanana ndi momwe akulembera).

"Heteroauxin" amagwiritsidwa ntchito, makamaka, pamene mizu yawonongeka panthawi yopatsa mbewu. Pochita izi, nthaka pafupi nayo (pansi pazuwo) imatsanuliridwa ndi yankho (1 piritsi ya stimulator ya 1-3 malita a madzi). Pa nthawi imodzimodziyo, sitiyenera kuiwala za njira zowononga poizoni. Zotsatira za kupititsa patsogolo mizu pogwiritsa ntchito "Heteroauxin" zimapezeka ndi kuwonjezeka kwa mizu ya phytohormone. Amatha kukonza mbeu chifukwa cha kuwonjezeka kwakukulu kwa kumera, ndi achinyamata omwe amawathandiza kuchepetsa kupulumuka.

"Energen"

Mphamvu ya zomera imalimbikitsidwa ndi kukula kwachilengedwe "Energen". Izi zikuwonetseredwa ndi kuchuluka kwa 20 peresenti ya zokolola za mbewu za masamba, pofuna kuthana ndi chilala, chisanu ndi nyengo zina zomwe zimawonetsa nyengo, kuwonjezera kupulumuka pamene kukulitsa mbande pansi, kuwonjezera kuchuluka kwa michele ndi mavitamini pa zipatso zazikulu ndi kuchepa kwa nitrate, kukonza kukoma kwa zinthu.

Kugwiritsiridwa ntchito kwa "Energena" kumayenderana ndi mbewu za masamba ndi mphesa m'madera ambiri:

• Kuyala mbewu mu njira zowonongeka kwambiri;
• kupopera mbewu mbande ndi cuttings;
• kuthirira;
• mankhwala a foliar (kuphatikizapo njira zowononga tizilombo, komanso olamulira ena);
• nthaka fetereza (yotseguka ndi yotsekedwa).

Magulu akuluakulu "Energen" mosavuta komanso pafupifupi opanda madzi osungunula m'madzi. Pa nthawi yosungirako, granules silingathe. Kwa kuthirira mbande, kapu imodzi ya Energena imadzipukutira mu lita imodzi ya madzi ozizira. Njira yomweyo ndi kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa zomera.

Mukudziwa? Mphungu imanena kuti kukula kokondweretsa kumatha kupangidwa kuchokera ku anyezi, msondodzi, bowa wouma, kombucha ndi dzira loyera.

Zomwe boma limagwiritsa ntchito pogwiritsa ntchito kukula kwa mbewu

Kusiyanasiyana kwakukulu kwa feteleza ndi kusowa kwa zakudya zina zowonjezera muzomera zowonjezera zomera. Ntchito yawo ndi yosiyana - kuyambitsa ndondomeko ya moyo wamkati, kotero kuti zomera zikhoza kukula mofulumira ndikupanga mbewu yochulukirapo komanso mbewu yabwino.

Pogwiritsira ntchito zozizwitsa zosiyana ndi zolembedwa ndi katundu, pali, ngakhale, zikhalidwe zina:

1. Tsatirani mwatsatanetsatane malangizo.
2. Mbewu zimatetezedwa muzovala zoteteza, magolovesi ndi kupuma.
3. Pofuna kusakaniza njira zogwiritsira ntchito zitsulo zomwe simukuziphika.
4. Mukamagwira ntchito ndi olamulira akuluakulu, muiwale za kudya, kumwa, ndi kusuta.
5. Ngati mwadzidzidzi muthudzana ndi khungu, nthawi yomweyo muzisamba ndi sopo.
6. Ndi njira yosakayika ya kulowa mkati mwa mimba ndi / kapena m'mimba, ngakhale musanapite kwa dokotala, imwani madzi ambiri ndipo mutenge makala otsekemera kapena opaka mankhwala enaake apadera.

Ndikofunikira! Musapitirize zikhalidwe zomwe zanenedwa m'malamulowo, mwinamwake ovary sangasinthe kukhala chipatso.

Mavuto aakulu omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pogwiritsa ntchito zowonjezera zowonjezera zomera zimagwirizana ndi kukhazikitsidwa mwatsatanetsatane kwa malamulo a chitetezo, popeza kupanga njira zothetsera mavuto (makamaka kuchokera ku zinthu zopangidwa kale), kuthirira, kudyetsa ndi kupopera mbewu ndi njira zowonongeka kwa wamaluwa. Koma zotsatira zabwino kwambiri zidzapezeka mofulumira kuposa nthawi zonse.