Kuwoneka kwa minda yamaluwa ambiri sikusintha pazaka - mbeu iliyonse ili ndi malo ake, omwe sichimasuntha. Katswiri wamakono wa zaulimi amapereka zokolola, koma saganizira kuti nthaka imatha kusintha, ndipo zomera ziyenera kusinthana, kuziika pamatope oyenera. Amene akufuna kukolola mbewu zambiri, yesetsani kugwiritsa ntchito malingaliro atsopano a ulimi wa dacha. Timaphunzira zambiri za njira imodziyi, pokambirana za permaculture, momwe tingagwiritsire ntchito malangizo amenewa.
Ichi ndi chiani?
Njira imeneyi ikuphatikizapo kukhazikitsa malo otengera zachilengedwe. Cholinga chake ndi kukhazikitsa dongosolo logwirizana, mbali iliyonse yomwe ikugwirizana ndi inayo. Udindo wofunikira umaperekedwa kuwona, zotsatira zake zomwe zimasonyeza kusintha komwe kumapangidwira ku chikhalidwe chokhazikika. Inde, zikuwoneka ngati mtundu wina wa filosofi. Ngati ndizosavuta kunena, ndiye kuti permaculture m'munda kapena munda umakhala ngati wojambula wapadera wokhala ndi zomera zoyenera kwambiri. Kwa iwo, omvera a njira iyi amawonjezera zinyama ndi nyumba zosiyanasiyana. Ndipo zonsezi siziyenera kusokoneza bwenzi, koma, m'malo mwake, zitsimikizirani.
Ndikofunikira! Zingakhale zothandiza kudziwa acidity ya nthaka. Pali njira yophweka: kuika galasi pamdima, kutsanulira 1 tsp pa iyo. nthaka, mowayikira ndi vinyo wosasa wa 9%. Dothi losauka silidzapaka thovu, pomwe nthaka yamchere idzabala "kapu" yolemera.Mwala wapangodya wa njira imeneyi ndikumvetsetsa za malo omwe mumakhalamo komanso malo a munda wokha. Izi ndizo, zifukwa zonse zimaganiziridwa - nambala ya dzuwa ndi mvula, nthawi ya chilimwe, kukhalapo ndi zizoloŵezi za nyama.
Zindikirani ndikugwiritsanso ntchito kugwiritsa ntchito zamoyo zamtunduwu - mitundu yonse yamagetsi imachotsedwa. 
Mbiri ya chiyambi
Lingaliro la chikhalidwe chopitirira mu ulimi ulimi wa akatswiri a sayansi ndi agronomists kumayambiriro kwa zaka zana la makumi awiri. Panthawiyo, funso losiya kulima linakulira, lomwe linali ndi otsatira ambiri. Iwo ankanena kuti kulima kotere kwa nthaka mwanjira yotereyi kungapangitse malo odyera m'malo a minda yachonde.
Mukudziwa? Mmodzi wa ecovillages woyamba wabwerera mu 1968 Acroville. Pakalipano, anthu pafupifupi 1,200 mwa mitundu 30 amakhala mu "Mzinda wa Dawn" uno.Kusintha kwake kunali kutembenuka kwa zaka za 1960-1970. Panthawi imeneyo, msinkhu wa kulima, komanso kugwiritsa ntchito herbicides kunkafika pachimake. Otsutsa anakhazikitsidwa pakati pa agronomists, omwe adayamba kuukitsa mfundo zoiwalika za kulima kosatha ndi kukhazikitsa dongosolo lokhazikika.
Mfundo zoyamba za ulimi wakulima zinayikidwa ndi mlimi wa ku Japan ndi katswiri wa sayansi ya zamoyo, Masanobu Fakuoka. Mu bukhu la "The Revolution of Straw" (1975), adalongosola mwachidule zomwe adakumana nazo - panthawiyo, wolembayo sadalimbe munda pa chiwembu chake kwa zaka 25. Ntchitoyi imatengedwa kuti ndi yofunika kwambiri kuntchito yonse. 
Mu 1978, buku loyambirira la buku lakuti "Permaculture" linasindikizidwa, omwe adalemba a Australiya David Holmgren ndi Bill Mollison. Bukuli linapeza mayankho ambiri, omwe ali kale m'ma 80s malo oyambirira a eco-adakalipo - lingaliro lidapitanso patsogolo pa ulimi ndikuyamba kuganizira za kupanga ndi kumanga.
Ntchito zatsopano pa nkhani ya "eco processing" zimawonekera nthawi zonse. Permaculture kuchokera pa zomwe zinachitikira Sepp Holzer ndizofala kwambiri m'deralo. Mlimi wa ku Austria adayamba kutchula za nthaka "yolemetsa" komanso kusunga nyumba mu nyengo yovuta, kulemba mabuku angapo.
Phunzirani momwe mungakonze chiwembu, momwe mungagwirire chiwembu pa dacha, momwe mungamangire chipinda chapansi pa nyumba, momwe mungagwiritsire ntchito rockeries ndi mtsinje wouma, momwe mungapangire gazebo kupereka, momwe mungapangire munda.
Mfundo zoyambirira
Tsopano tiyeni tipeze momwe chiphunzitsochi chikugwiritsidwira ntchito, pa mfundo ziti zomwe "maphunziro a agro-maphunziro" awa amachokera. Zindikirani kuti kwa munthu yemwe ali ndi malingaliro a chikhalidwe cha m'munda, izi zimakhala zosayembekezereka, koma pali mbewu yeniyeni mwa iwo. 
Zosamala zachilengedwe
Udindo waukulu umasewera ndi kugwirana bwino kwa zigawo zonse za webusaitiyi. Permaculture amadalira:
- Kuphatikiza kopindulitsa kwa zinthu zonse. Chitsanzo chosavuta ndi mtundu wa cholembera cha nkhuku. Iyenera kuikidwa pafupi ndi mabedi ndi ndiwo zamasamba. Chotsatira chake, namsongole ndi mbali zina za zomera zidzapita kudyetsa mbalame, ndipo zinyalala zomwe adapanga zimagwiritsidwa ntchito monga feteleza.
- Mfundo ya kusiyana kwa chilengedwe - zinthu zonse zimagwirizanitsana, ndipo sagawana.
- Zofunikanso. Ngati titenga nthambi zamitengo, sizidzakhala mafuta okha, komanso zimakhala ndi mulch, zomwe zimapangitsa nthaka kukhala ndi nayitrogeni.
- Kuti mukonzekere bwino, nkofunikira kudziwa zonse za agrotechnical za chiwembu china - nthawi ndi momwe zimakhalira kale, zomwe zinabzalidwa, nyengo ndi mkhalidwe wofanana bwanji.
- Kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zamagetsi (motero pali malo ambiri obiriwira m'mphepete mwa malo otere) ndi kukolola madzi amvula ndi malire ochepa. Tifunika kuganizira za malo omwe ali ndi ngodya zazikulu komanso zosungira madzi.
Ndikofunikira! Njira yowonjezera ulimi siyimapatsa kukolola kwa masamba, komanso kupsa kwake.Monga momwe mukuonera, permaculture n'zosatheka kupatula kusagwirizana komwe kulipo, kuphatikizapo zachirengedwe.
Kugwiritsira ntchito zachilengedwe
Inde, ziyenera kukhala zogwira mtima momwe zingathere. Mu maphunziroyi ndizokhazikika zowonjezereka. M'njira zambiri, chifukwa chake malo oterowo amakhala odzala ndi mitengo ndi udzu.
Mukudziwa? Kwa nthawi yaitali, World Network of Ecosettlements yakhala ikugwira ntchito, yomwe ili ndi maofesi a ku Ulaya, Asia ndi America. Pakhoza kukhala mgwirizano wa mayiko, ndi midzi ina yayikulu.Mitengo imapereka mbewu, imapereka mthunzi m'nyengo yozizira yotentha ndikuyeretsa mpweya. Zitsanzo zakale kapena zodwala zimagwiritsidwa ntchito monga kupanga kupanga mipando ndi zinthu zina. Mukayambanso pa mulch, inu mumalimbikitsa kusintha kwa nthaka.
Izi zimapindulitsa pa udzu ukukula pafupi - chomwe chimatchedwa malire otsika amapezeka. 
Ndipo pali zitsanzo zambiri. Mitundu yosagwiritsiridwa ntchito ya zipangizo yesetsani kusagwiritsa ntchito kapena kuchepetsa ntchito yawo osachepera. Mbalame yomweyo, mwachitsanzo, imatengedwa nthawi zambiri.
Palibe zonyansa
Chilichonse chiri chosavuta kuno - chirichonse chimene chingathe kubwezeretsedwanso chimagwiritsidwanso ntchito. Udzu wa Shrunken, nthambi, pepala, kuyeretsa kuchokera ku khitchini kumayamba mu "bizinesi" yatsopano, koma mu thupi losiyana. Iyi ndi njira yowononga nthawi, koma zotsatira zake zidzakhala malo oyera popanda zitsamba "zilumba."
Kuonjezera apo, zowonongeka zambiri zomwe zimalandira panthawiyi zikhoza kusungidwa mu kompositi, komwe zidzakonzedwa ndi mphutsi ndipo panthawi ina zidzagwiritsidwa ntchito feteleza pamabedi. Izi ndi momwe mfundo ina ikugwiritsidwira ntchito, monga kugwiritsa ntchito dera lachirengedwe.
Musaiwale milandu yambiri yovuta. Anthu okhala ku ecovillages amachotsa makina osweka, omwe sangathe kukonzanso. 
Malo opangira malo ndi zogawa
Zolengedwa ziyenera kuphatikiza kukongola ndi zowona, ndipo njira ya chikhalidwe pa nkhaniyi sizongopeka. Kukonzekera kukonzekera kuti kuthetsa kayendetsedwe kosafunikira, motero kumathandiza ntchitoyi. Ndibwino, makamaka m'madera akuluakulu.
Ndikofunikira! Kusakaniza mitengo ndi udzu amawonedwa kuti ndilololedwa. Zinganenedwe kuti minda ya Japan ndi yabwino pambali iyi.Munda wonsewo uli ndi magawo asanu, omwe amasiyanasiyana pafupipafupi. Nazi izi:
- Munda ndi nkhuku nkhuku (1 ndi 2) pafupi ndi nyumba. Ntchito zambiri zikuchitika apa. Maluwa amadzalidwa pamalire awo, omwe angagwiritsidwe ntchito kudyetsa nkhuku.
- Pa "malire" a magawo awiri ndi atatu, mitengo yamaluwa imabzalidwa, yomwe imalowetsedwa ndi mitundu ya "mafakitale", kupereka chakudya ndi zipangizo.
- Nkhumba za ziweto (zone 4) zimatulutsidwa "pa mpanda."
- Chigawo chachisanu sichingachedwe. Awa ndiwo malo a udzu omwe ali pafupi ndi nkhalango.
Apa palinso chinthu china chodziwika bwino cha njira iyi ya ulimi yomwe ikuwonetseredwa - idakonzedweratu kwa anthu akuluakulu okhala ndi mayiko akuluakulu.Mwini mwiniwake pa maekala 6 samaopseza chiwerengero chotero, ngakhale iye, ngati afuna, angabweretse kanyumbayo ku chilengedwe.
Chinthu chachikulu - kuwerengera mbali zonse za nthaka ndi malo a nyumba.
Kenaka mukhoza kukonza malo a nyumba, kulima mabedi ndi munda mogwirizana ndi mfundo zonse za permaculture.
Zomangamanga kuchokera ku zipangizo zachilengedwe
Tidziwa kale kuti tikusowa zinthu zachirengedwe, ndipo poyamba - matabwa. 
Izi zidzakhazikitsidwa pomanga nyumba, yosungirako zida. Ndikumanga kwakukulu kutenga matabwa. Kawirikawiri ndi pine wofiira. Zili ndi ubwino wambiri, pakati pomwe kufalikira ndi mtengo wotsika kumaonekera.
Ndibwino kuti mukuwerenga: Ndibwino kuti mukuwerenga Mtundu wa spruce. Ndipo zabwino mwazomwe mungapeze zidzakhala zotsalira, zomwe ndizokhazikika. Kuwonjezera apo, kutsekemera kumatenga moss, m'malo mwa ubweya wa galasi.
Mukudziwa? Mmodzi mwa malo oyamba okhala mumzinda wa Russia ndi mudzi wa Kitezh, womwe unayamba kuthetsedwa mu 1992. Pamodzi ndi iye pachiyambi choyamba cha 90s anali Tiberkul, Grishino ndi Nevoekovil.Pamalo angapezekenso ndi zinthu zina, pakuyika zomwe zimayesa kupewa kugwiritsa ntchito zipangizo. Izi zimagwirira ntchito makamaka kumadziwe. Zokongola, ziyenera kukhala nthaka yokha, popanda chokongoletsera "chokha" ndi filimu.
Kukumba kukana
Waukulu agrotechnical njira imene imayambitsa mkangano mkangano. Zimatanthauza kukana kutembenuka ndi kumasula kwa nthaka, ziribe kanthu kaya ndi - ndi fosholo kapena khama.
Othandizira njirayi akuwona ngati mwayi wokonzanso nthaka, zomwe sizingatheke pakukonzekera mwambo. Iwo ali ndi zifukwa zomveka, kuphatikizapo kuti pakapita nthawi, chilengedwe chimamasulidwa bwino kudzera mu mphutsi.
Onjezerani apa vuto la namsongole, lomwe pamapeto pake limatha - ndi phindu la njira iyi zidzaonekera.
Izi ndi zoona, koma zidzatenga zaka zopitirira chaka chimodzi kuti zikhale bwino, zomwe zimafooketsa ambiri. Ngakhale kuti ndi zachilengedwe (kutanthauza kuti chuma chazing'ono), kusintha kotereku kumakhala kosavomerezeka - zokolola zimakhala zofanana. 
Koma zovuta zokula pang'onopang'ono zimachepetsanso, zomwe zimaphatikizapo.
Gwiritsani ntchito udzu
Amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri.
Choyamba, ndilo buku labwino kwambiri la mulch. Amatha mofulumira, kotero mutha kuika wakuda wosanjikiza. Thupi ndi mpweya nthawi imodzi zimapita pansi popanda zovuta. M'nyengo ya chilimwe, amaika pamabedi kapena mabulosi, ndipo m'nyengo yozizira amaphimba mitengo yamitengo ndi mitengo.
Udzu umagwiritsidwanso ntchito pobzala mbatata, chifukwa chokula maluwa, kubirira ndi sitiroberi.Kuwonjezera apo, udzu umatchedwanso "zomangira" za mabedi. Chitani izi monga izi:
- Tengani mabola kuchokera ku chilimwe popanda zosalala za udzu (mbeu zamsongole zikhoza kukhala mmenemo).
- M'dzinja, nsalu zomangirika zapine kapena twine zili m'mizere, ndi mzere wa masentimita 55 mpaka 70. Makhadi a makhadi kapena mapepala akale akuikidwa pansi pawo.
- Udzu wambiri umathirira ndi zitosi za mbalame, kusunga chinyezi mpaka poyamba chisanu.
- M'chaka (pafupi masabata angapo musanadzalemo), mitsempha imathiridwa madzi ndi kusakaniza ndi phulusa phulusa, fupa chakudya kapena zinyalala, zosakaniza zofanana.
- Musanadzalemo, zitsime zimapangidwa, nthawi zina kuwonjezera maminiti ochepa a nthaka kuti apeze mizu yabwino. Mbewu kapena mbande zokonzedwa ndi zing'onozing'ono.
- Amatsitsimula nthawi ndipo, ngati kuli kotheka, kuyika zojambulajambula za mitundu yosiyanasiyana.
Pambuyo kukolola udzu udzasungunuka, ukhoza kutsalira kuti ukhale ndi mulch kapena kutumizidwa ku kompositi.Ndikofunikira! Njira imeneyi imasiyanitsidwa ndi kusintha kwa kayendedwe ka mbeu - "maonekedwe" a minda, ngati kuli koyenera, kusintha nthawi yomweyo, popanda mavuto enaake. Kutayika kwa mitundu ingapo kumalipidwa ndi chisokonezo chachikulu cha webusaitiyi.
Kodi mungayambire bwanji newbie?
Okhudzidwa ndi permaculture, ambiri akuganiza zogwiritsa ntchito poyambira.
Nenani mwamsanga - khalani oleza mtima.
Izi ndi chifukwa chakuti ndikofunikira kusintha kwambiri osati kalembedwe ka ulimi.
Kukana kulima komweku sikungachite, muyenera kukonzekera malo enieni. Agrotehnika "molingana ndi Holzer" yachepetsedwa kuti isagwiritsidwe ntchito masitepe aatali kwambiri ndi mabedi a mawonekedwe ovuta (kawirikawiri amayenda). Ganizirani ngati mungathe kuwakonzekera m'munda waung'ono. 
Kuti muone bwinobwino mphamvu zanu, samalirani mfundo izi:
- Ngakhale musanayambe kusintha njira yatsopano, yang'anirani dachas oyandikana nawo - zomwe zikukula apo, ndi mitundu iti yomwe imavomerezedwa mobwerezabwereza. Samalani ndi mitundu yanji ya "midzi" yomwe ili pakati pa mitundu yosiyanasiyana yowonjezereka. Izi zidzakulolani kusankha chosankha choyenera chodzala.
- Ganizirani za momwe mtsogolo udzakhazikitsire ndikuwonekeratu ku malo ena (malo, chithandizo, malo a nyumba ndi ngalande).
- Musawope zosiyana zomwe zimasiyanitsa zachilengedwe. Izi si zachilendo, chifukwa mitundu yambiri ya miyambo ya mizinda imakhala ngati namsongole.
- Pezani zonse zomwe mungasankhe, powasamalira kuchepa kwa madzi. Zomwezo zimapita kutentha.
- Ngati pali nkhuku kapena ng'ombe, konzani malo a mabedi kwa iwo. Choncho zidzakhala zosavuta kupanga feteleza.
Mukudziwa? Efi-midzi yafilosofi ikukhazikitsidwa pang'onopang'ono ndi malo a banja, omwe amapereka ndalama zabwino. Izi zakhala zikuchitika zaka 15 zapitazo.Musanayambe kugwiritsa ntchito malamulo onsewa, ganiziraninso ngati kuli koyenera kutenga ntchito yotereyi. Pachifukwa ichi ndikofunika kulingalira za ubwino ndi kuipa kwa chisankho chotero.
Ubwino ndi zovuta
Otsatira a "maganizo olingana" akupereka mfundo zoterezi:
- kupeza zinthu zachilengedwe zochezeka;
- kuchepetsa katundu wopangidwa ndi munthu pansi;
- pafupifupi "kudziletsa" kwathunthu kwa nthaka, zomwe zimatengera nthawi yaitali kuchita popanda umuna wambiri;
- palibe zonyansa, chirichonse chimapita mu bizinesi.
- ntchito yochepa kwambiri;
- zabwino ndi zotsika zokolola;
- mtengo wochepa wosamalira zomera.
- Potsiriza, ndizokongola kwambiri.
Ndikofunikira! Kugwiritsa ntchito njira yatsopanoyi ndibwino pamalo ochezera bwino, osaphatikizapo maonekedwe a alendo osalandiridwa.Koma pali lingaliro lina. Ambiri amakhulupirira kuti kugwiritsa ntchito "permaculture" yoyenera m'mkhalidwe wathu kumapangitsa kuti munda ukhale wovuta. Zina mwa zotsutsana zawo ndizo:
- kusinthasintha kwa kusintha kwa mtundu watsopano pa "patch" yaing'ono;
- kugwira ntchito mwamphamvu pachiyambi;
- kuyembekezera kukolola kwakukulu;
- kusowa kwa mitundu yambiri kuti nthawi yayitali ikhale yoziziritsa komanso oyambirira chisanu;
- kufunika kopezeka kawirikawiri m'dzikoli, zomwe sizowona nthawi zonse.
Kugwiritsa ntchito zinthu zonsezi kapena ayi si nkhani ya kulawa, koma ndi mwayi. Pali china chimodzi, mphindi yokha ya maganizo. Ngati mwatsimikiza kukonza "nkhalango" pakati pa kampani ya dacha, yesetsani kufotokozera anansi anu kuti zamasamba zotere sizamsongole.Choncho, zidzathetsa mikangano yambiri.
Mwaphunzira kusiyanitsa pakati pa ulimi wamakono ndi ulimi wamtundu.
Tikukhulupirira kuti deta iyi idzafotokozera ndikuthandizani kupeza njira yoyenera yosungiramo nyumba. Zambiri zosiyanasiyana ndi zokolola zolemba!
