Ntchentche yowawa imakhala kutali ndi bowa wosadziwika, koma chifukwa cha kuyamwa kwake kumayambira kumayambitsa kawiri kawiri mu osankha bowa. Mbalame zakumadzulo zimaona kuti sizingatheke ndipo, malinga ndi mabuku ena, zimakhala zoopsa. Ndipo ku Russia ndi Belarus, nkhalango yotereyi imasonkhanitsidwa kwa pickles. Kodi bowa iyi, yomwe imamera ndi zizindikiro zowoneka bwanji, kaya zingagwiritsidwe ntchito pa chakudya - tidzatha kunena za izi.
Kuwoneka
Dzina la bitters limagwirizana kwambiri ndi kukoma kwawo. Botanists amawaona iwo omwe amawakonda kwambiri a mtundu wa mafuta. Komabe, izi sizilepheretsa okonda kukhala osakasaka kuti asonkhanitse mitunduyi m'nyengo yozizira.
Mukudziwa? Akatswiri a zilankhulo amakhulupirira kuti mawu oti "bowa" amachokera ku liwu lakale lachi Slavic "gyryb", lomwe limatanthauza "hump", ndipo poyamba zamoyozo zimatchedwa bowa, zomwe zimakhala zofanana ndi bowa.
Akatswiri amanena kuti kukhudzidwa koteroko kwa ufumu wa bowa kumakhala kofala komanso kukolola kwakukulu. Chaka chilichonse, mu nyengo zonse, bitters ali olemera fruiting, omwe amachititsa anthu omwe amamwa bowa kuti azikhala otsimikiza muzitsamba zabwino za nkhalango. Inde, poyerekeza ndi bowa la safironi, bowa mkaka ndi bowa zina zamtengo wapatali, amakhalabe otayika. 
Akatswiri amanena kuti bowa amadyetsedwa kwambiri m'gulu la IV. Izi zikutanthauza kuti bowa sichigwiritsidwe ntchito mu mawonekedwe ake owuma ndi owuma. Kawirikawiri, salting kapena marinade amapangidwa kuchokera ku zipangizo pambuyo pa kusamalidwa.
Ŵerenganiponso za bowa bowa: katundu wothandiza ndi wowopsa, kukolola m'nyengo yozizira; mitundu ya aspen ndi mazira wakuda mkaka.
Mafananidwe
Muzosayansi, matupi a zipatsowa akutchedwa bitters, ndipo anthu amawadziwa iwo monga:
- chofiira chowawa;
- kukwiya kowawa;
- Goryanka;
- chiwonongeko;
- gulu;
- Putuk, woyenda.
Ndikofunikira! Kuwidwa mtima kumatsutsana kwambiri ndi anthu omwe amadziwa kuti zilonda zam'mimba zimadwala, gastritis, kupweteka kwa chiwindi, chiwindi cha chiwindi, matenda a chiwindi, matenda a mtima ndi matenda a chiwindi. Komanso, mankhwalawa sakuvomerezeka kwa ana, omwe ali ndi pakati komanso ochotsa.
Zomwe zimawoneka
Maonekedwe owawa amitundu ndi achilendo. Koma pali bowa wambiri woopsa wochokera ku mtundu wobiriwira womwe umasokonezeka mosavuta, kotero tiyeni tione bwinobwino zizindikiro za bitters. 
Hat
Mbali ya mbaliyi ya bowa imatha kusiyana pakati pa 4 ndi 11 centimita. Poyamba, imakhala ngati belu, ndipo pakapita nthawi imakhala yopanda kanthu. Pa nthawi yomweyi, chimbudzi chachikulu chikuwoneka bwino pakati, chomwe chiri chizindikiro chofunika cha bitters. Mphepete mwa kapu amasiyanitsidwa ndi kayendedwe kabwino kawo ndi kutembenukira mkati. Tsamba pamwambapo ndi yosalala, yofiira yofiira ndi yofiirira, ndi pubescence pang'ono. Mu mvula, bowa imakhala yokhazikika komanso yowala.
Kupita kusakasaka mwakachetechete, samalani: onani zakudya zowonjezera (kukula mu Meyi ndi autumn) ndi mitundu yoopsa ya bowa.
Pulp
Amadziwika ndi ubwino wambiri, koma wosalimba. Mu bowa wachinyamata, mtundu wa mnofu umakhala woyera, ndipo mu wakale - ndi pang'ono kansalu-bulauni tinge. Pansi pa khungu pafupifupi nthawizonse amasunga mtundu wa kapu. 
M'malo amagawo, madzi osakanizika amadzimadzi amatsekemera, omwe amawotcha milomo ndipo samasintha mtundu wa mpweya. Thupi silinayambe kaonongeka ndi nyongolotsi, imakhala ndi fungo lapansi, limene ambiri amaona kuti silikukondweretsa.
Mukudziwa? Mu mipukutu yakale ya kale ya Novgorod imanena za chithandizo cha frostbite zouma porcini bowa.
Mwendo
Imakhala ndi mawonekedwe a nthawi zonse, kutalika kwa masentimita 7 ndi mtundu wowala wa mitundu yofanana ndi kapu. Pamunsi nthawi zonse muli ndi wrapper ya mycelium. Mu bowa laling'ono, mkati mwa mwendo uli wolimba, pamene wakale uli wopanda pake. Nthawi zina zimatha kukhala ndi jekeseni wothandizira.
Zolemba
Mu bitters aang'ono, mbaleyi nthawi zonse imakhala yowala, pamene imakhala yochuluka kwambiri yomwe imafanana ndi chipewa. Amapezeka nthawi zambiri, osati mophweka, akukwera pamtunda. 
Kumene kuli kukula, pamene kusonkhanitsa
Pofuna kusonkhanitsa makapu owawa, sikofunikira kudziwa malo apadera. Zimamera kulikonse, m'nkhalango zirizonse, makamaka pansi pa mapini ndi birches. Chikondi kwambiri yonyowa glades ndi nthaka yowawasakumene moss ndi lichen zikukula.
Mpikisano wotere ukhoza kupezeka paokha kapena m'magulu. Nyengo yochuluka ya fruiting mu bitters imayamba mu June ndipo imatha mpaka m'mawa. Nthawi zina okonda kusakasaka amatha kukolola ngakhale pambuyo poyamba chisanu.
Ndikofunikira! Omwe amapezerapo mabokosi amodzi samalangiza kuti asonkhanitse matupi a zipatso pafupi ndi msewu ndi kumadera opangira, makamaka m'malo a kugwa kwa Chernobyl. Zoona zake n'zakuti, bitters ndi mphamvu zimatulutsa zinthu zowonongeka kuchokera ku chilengedwe.
Masamba Awiri
Zowawa zimakhala zofanana kwambiri ndi zina zawo, choncho zimakhala zosokoneza. Pofuna kukhala ndi chidaliro, osankha ambiri a bowa amalangiza pamene akusonkhanitsa kuti ayambe kuganizira pakati pa kapu ndi madzi opanda madzi omwe amachokera ku zamkati. Komabe, izi ndi zizindikiro zofunika, koma kuti musakayike kuti mukuika bowa lofunidwa mudengu, sizidzapweteka kuzindikira ena. anthu ofanana:
- Chilonda cha hepatic (Lactarius hepaticus) - chimaonedwa kuti n'chosatheka. Madzi ake amadzimadzi amadziwika ndi mthunzi wachikasu umene umawoneka pamene umagwira mpweya. Ndipo thupi ndi lofewa kapena lofiirira.
- Marsh (Lactarius sphagnei) - amakonda malo otsetsereka m'mapiri.
- Madzi a Campanic (Lactarius camphoratus) ndi bowa pang'ono omwe amadya kwambiri chifukwa cha kukoma kwake. Zimasiyana ndi zowawa ndi zokometsera zokongola zokongola, kaphuno kakang'ono pa kapu ndi madzi ambiri, osakanikirana ndi mchere ndi kukoma kokoma.
- Mlechnik anadumpha (Lactarius theiogalus) - amasiyana ndi madzi a mandimu omwe ali ndi chikasu mumlengalenga ndi kuwala kwa kapu.
- Gladysh (Lactarius badiosanguineus) ndi chakudya chokhazikika chomwe chimadziwika ndi chibokosi chopanda chifuwa chopanda chifuwa chokhala ndi mtundu wofiira kwambiri wa kansalu, tsinde lofupika ndi kukoma kowopsya pang'ono.
Mukudziwa? Zaka 300 zapitazo, makolo athu anasonkhanitsa mitundu itatu yokha ya bowa: bowa, bowa ndi mkaka.
Kudya
Malinga ndi akatswiri, ma bowa owawa mkaka, ngakhale kuti ali ndi zakudya zinazake, koma ndalama zochepa zimapindulitsa thupi. Zakhala zikuwonetseredwa kuti zamkatizo zili ndi maantibayotiki achilengedwe omwe amateteza tizilombo toyambitsa matenda a Staphylococcus aureus, komanso matumbo ndi matumbo. Koma kuti adye chakudya, bowa ndi woyenera kokha mu mafotayi kapena mafotayi. Ndipo kuthetsa kukhumudwa kosautsa kosasangalatsa, mankhwalawa ayenera kuthiridwa. 
Zingati zowonongeka
Amayi amasiye omwe akhala akukonzekera zakumwa zozizira kwa zaka zambiri, alangizeni kuti azidula masamba ndi moss nthawi yomweyo m'nkhalango, kenaka muwaike mosasintha. Kunyumba, mbewu yonseyo iyenera kutsukidwa bwino ndi kuyesedwa kuti iwonongeke. Zithunzi zosankhidwa zapamwamba kutsanulira masiku atatu ndi madzi ozizira (kupatula kuti kukonzekera kwina kudzachitika mu njira yotentha).
Ndikofunika kuti nthawi zonse muzimitsa madzi, monga momwe amatambasula ndi madzi oyaka moto. Ndibwino kuti tichite zimenezi nthawi ziwiri. Nthawi zambiri mumasintha madzi, ndi bwino. Pambuyo pa njirayi, zipangizozo zidzasiya kukhala zowawa. Ngati mukukonzekera bowa wamchere mumsewu wozizira, kuthamanga kumafunika kwa masiku asanu ndi limodzi.
Werengani za kukolola kwa bowa: pickling (bowa, bowa), pickling (boletus, ryadovki, bowa, mkaka, chanterelles), caviar kuchokera ku uchi wolimba.
Momwe mungakokere
Pambuyo mukakwera bowa, tsambetsaninso, kuchepetsani miyendo ku masentimita awiri ndikuyesani malingana ndi kukula kwa kapu. Mu mawonekedwe awa, zowawa kwa mphindi 30 ziritsani pa moto wochepa mu madzi amchere. Musaiwale kuti nthawi zonse mumalimbikitsa ndi kuchotsa thovu lotentha. Ndiye msuzi uyenera kuziziritsa, ndiye bowa ukhoza kutayidwa mu colander kukhetsa madzi owonjezera. Padakali pano, mungathe kuperewera kwazitini. Ndi bwino kuchita izi mu uvuni, onetsetsani kuti mumayika chidebe chowuma mkati. Nkhokwe zowonjezera, zitini ndi mapeyala ndizoyeneranso kuzidya. 
Pambuyo pochita zonsezi, masamba a Bay, komanso masamba a black currant, horseradish, wakuda ndi otsekemera tsabola, cloves, ndi katsabola kakang'ono kophika amaperekedwa pansi pa chidebe chokonzekera. Bowa akuwaza ndi akanadulidwa adyo ndi mchere. Zitsulozo zimadzazidwa ndi zowawa ndi mafuta a mpendadzuwa zimatsanulidwa kuchokera kumwamba kapena mpiru wothira mafuta.
Per kilogalamu ya bowa wophika kumwa mankhwalawa amawerengedwa molingana ndi chiwerengerochi:
- Supuni 5 za mchere;
- 50 ml wa mafuta a masamba;
- Zosakaniza zina - kulawa.
Zitsulo zokonzedwa zatsekedwa ndi zipewa ndipo zimatumizidwa pamalo ozizira kwa masiku makumi asanu ndi awiri. Mukamagwiritsa ntchito enamelware, onetsetsani kuti mumagwiritsa ntchito katunduyo kuti bowa nthawi zonse ikhale mu brine. Imayikidwa pamwamba pa mbale ya faience.
Ndikofunikira! Mchere sayenera kutayidwa kutentha pamwamba +7 ° C. Apo ayi chinthucho chidzasungidwa kwa kanthawi kochepa.
Video: maritating bitters
Mosasamala kanthu ka njira yokonzekera, bwino inanyowa chowawa adzakhala chochititsa chidwi kuwonjezera pa tebulo lililonse. Chinthu chachikulu - kuti muziyenda bwino m'nkhalango, muzindikire bwino bowa, ndikuziika bwino mu kuphika. Tikukhulupirira kuti nkhaniyi ikuthandizani.
