Malangizo a chisamaliro ndi kubzala kwa rhododendron

Rhododendron - Chomera chokongoletsera ichi cha munda wanu. Koma sizovuta kukula m'dera lathu. Dziko lakwawo ndi Mediterranean, lomwe limalankhula za kutentha kwake komanso osauka kwa chisanu. Choncho, kuti chomeracho chizuke, m'pofunika kutsata zofunikira zonse za teknoloji yoyenera yaulimi ndikuzipereka mosamalitsa. Lero tidzakambirana za momwe mungasankhire mbande kuti mubzalitse malo otsekemera pa tsamba lanu, pazochitika za ndondomekoyi, komanso muzisamalira chisamaliro chokonzekera ndi kukonzekera nthawi yachisanu. Kuonjezerapo, chidziwitso chogwiritsiridwa ntchito kwake ku malo okongoletsera zidzakhalanso zothandiza.

Chisankho chabwino chodzala zakuthupi

Zitsamba ziwiri kapena zinayi za rhododendron zaka zabwino zimabzala. Mukamagula, mverani kuphulika kwa masamba a mchenga (nthambi zomwe zimapulumuka nthawi yomweyo pafupi ndi mizu ya mizu), ndipo masamba ake (ayenera kukhala opanda mawanga ndi mavupa). Komanso, onetsetsani kuti muyang'ane mizu ya mmera, sivomerezeka kuti inali yamadzi ozizira ndi nthiti. Malo omwe mumagula mbande ndi ofunika kwambiri.

Ndi bwino kugulira iwo m'munda wamaluwa odziwa bwino kapena malo apadera, ndipo sizili zofunika m'misika, chifukwa ali ndi mwayi wochepa kwambiri (otsatsa ambiri sadziwa mitundu ndi mitundu ya malonda omwe amalonda).

Ndikofunikira! Oyamba kumene akulimbikitsidwa kuti asayambe ndi mtundu wina wa rhododendron, koma ndi kubzala kwa mitundu. Popeza mitunduyi ndi yochepa kwambiri komanso imakhala yosasunthika kwambiri kuposa mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya chisanu. Ngakhale kuti mitunduyi ikuyesa mitundu yosiyanasiyana, mitunduyi imasiyanitsidwa ndi mitundu yosiyana siyana.

Kubzala rhododendron m'munda

Mukamabzala rhododendron m'munda, m'pofunikira kutsata malangizo ena, nthawi komanso malo oti mubzalitse rhododendron, momwe mungachitire bwino, komanso momwe mungakonzekere nthaka.

Mukudziwa? Nyama yododendron ndi maluwa a dziko la Nepal. M'dziko lino, rhododendron imagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati mawonekedwe osungunuka, komanso ngati madzi.

Nthawi yobzala rhododendron

Ndibwino kuti mupange chomera chamtunda pansi kuyambira kumayambiriro kwa mwezi mpaka mwezi wa May, ndipo kuyambira September mpaka November. Koma kwenikweni, izi zikhoza kuchitika nthawi iliyonse pa nyengo ya kukula kwa mbeu, kuwonjezera pa nyengo ya maluwa a rhododendron, ndi masabata angapo pambuyo pa kutha kwa maluwa.

Kumene kuli bwino kudzala rhododendron m'deralo

Anabzala bwino kwambiri pamalo amdima kumbali ya kumpoto kwa nyumbayo. Dothi liyenera kukhala lotayirira, losavuta, lokonzedwa bwino, lolemera mu humus. Madzi apansi kumudzi wanu akukhala mozama kwambiri kuposa mita imodzi, chodzala chikuchitika pa bedi lokwera. Mukamabzala rhododendron ndifunikanso kulabadira zomera zoyandikana nawo.

Ndizosayenera kubzala rhododendron pafupi ndi mitengo yomwe ili ndi mizu yozama, chifukwa adzalandira zakudya zonse ku chomeracho. Kwa oyandikana nawo oyipa ayenera kuphatikizapo birch, msondodzi, mapulo, mabokosi, aindeni, alder, ndi anthu okhala pa webusaitiyi, pafupi ndi kumene mungathe kulima rhododendron ya apulo, peyala, pine, spruce, larch, poplar.

Momwe mungakonzekere nthaka ndi kudzala rhododendron

• Choyamba, konzekerani dzenje kuti lifike. Chombo chimakumba pafupifupi masentimita 40, ndipo pafupifupi masentimita 60 m'mimba mwake.
• Kenaka konzekerani zitsulo zisanu ndi zitatu za peat ndi zitsulo zitatu ndi hafu za loam (loam ingasinthidwe ndi zidebe ziwiri zadongo). Onetsetsani bwino kusakaniza, kutsanulira mu dzenje, ndi kuphulika.
• Pambuyo pake, chemba dzenje mu nthaka kukula mofanana ndi muzu wa mbeu.
• Musanayambe kubzala, ikani mitsuko ya madzi mumadzi, ndipo muwasungire pamenepo mpaka mpweya utuluke.
• Ikani nyemba mu dzenje ndi kuwaza dzenje ndi gawo lapansi pamwamba, kuti mizu ikhale pamtunda, ndikuyang'anitsitsa kuti iwononge zonsezi.
• Muzimasuka madzi mmera, ndikugwedeza nthaka kuzungulira thunthu ndi peat, moss, sawdust, masamba a thundu, kapena singano zapaini, ndi masentimita 5-6.

Ndikofunikira! Ngati pali maluwa ambiri pa maluwa, ndibwino kuti muwachotsere kuti mphamvu zonse zazomerazo zilowetsedwe pa rooting ya rhododendron, osati pa maluwa ake.

Kuphatikizidwa kwa rhododendron ndi zomera zina ndikugwiritsanso ntchito kumapanga

Rhododendron idzapeza malo ake pamapangidwe a pafupifupi kalembedwe kalikonse. Chomeracho chikuwoneka bwino kwambiri mu ntchito ya tapeworm, ndipo pamagulu a gulu, ndipo pamapeto pake, ndizophatikizapo ndi conifers, ndi mitundu ina ya maluwa. Ndibwino kuti musankhe mitundu yotere yomwe rhododendron imakula mu chilengedwe chake - mapiritsi, larches, ferns, junipers, ndi ena.

Rhododendron ndi yabwino yokongoletsera miyala yamaluwa ndi alpine minda. Pachifukwa ichi, mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya rhododendron yomwe ili ndi maluwa osiyanasiyana ndi abwino. Lembani izo, kupanga mapiri otsetsereka, inu mukhoza ndi gentian, phiri la pine, heather.

Mitundu ya Sredneroslye ya rhododendron, yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga magulu ngati mipanda yokhala ndi mipando, ndi kusankha mithunzi yomwe imafunidwa. Mwachitsanzo, rhododendrons ndi maluwa achikasu ali pamodzi ndi zitsamba zomwe zimakhala ndi maluwa ofiira ndi ofiira a lalanje, ndi maluwa okongola ndi ofiira ndi zomera zomwe zimatuluka mwayera.

Zitsamba zobzala pa udzu kapena pamsewu njira ndi curbs zikuwoneka zabwino, makamaka pamene zokongoletsera parquet udzu, ngakhale panopa wamkulu wamkulu rhododendron baka ndi abwino (kwa zaka khumi).

Pogwiritsa ntchito mapangidwe a gulu ndi rhododendrons, tikulimbikitsidwa kuti tigwirizane ndi mitundu yobiriwira yomwe ili ndi zowonongeka. Pakatikatikati mwa maonekedwe akuwoneka bwino zitsamba zazikulu, ndi pamphepete - zimadulidwa.

Kusamalidwa bwino kwa rhododendron m'munda

Kusamalira rhododendron kumaphatikizapo njira zowonjezera zomera: kudyetsa, kutsirira, kupopera mbewu, kupalira, kupatsirana ndi tizilombo ndi matenda, ndi kukonzanso chitsamba.

Ndikofunikira! Kutsegula nthaka yozungulira chomeracho ndiletsedwa, osangokhalira kukumba, chifukwa mizu ya rhododendron ili pafupi kwambiri ndi pamwamba. Pa chifukwa chomwecho, ndi bwino kuchotsa namsongole pamanja, popanda kugwiritsa ntchito chopper.

Momwe mungadzamwe madzi

Rhododendron imafuna mlengalenga ndi chinyezi cha nthaka kuposa zomera zina, makamaka pamene masamba amapangidwa ndi nthawi ya maluwa. Iyenera kuthiriridwa nthawi zonse, ndipo nyengo yowuma iyenera kukhala yochuluka, ndi kuthira mbewu ndi madzi. Kuthirira bwino kumakhudza tabu pa maluwa a rhododendron chaka chamawa. Madzi zitsamba zimafuna madzi ozizira (wolekanitsidwa, wokhutira, kapena mvula), yomwe ingasinthe ndi kuthandizidwa ndi ochepa a mkulu-moor peat, kutayidwa tsiku lisanayambe kuthirira.

Nthawi zambiri kupanga madzi amadzimadzidwa ndi boma la masamba: mwachitsanzo, pamene ali ocheperuka ndipo ataya mphamvu, ndiye kuti ali ndi ludzu. Mukamwetsa nthaka ayenera kukhala yonyowa pa 20-30 cm masentimita.

Ndikofunikira! Mukamwetsa simungathe kutsanulira mizu ya rhododendron, chifukwa imakhala yovuta kwambiri kwa chinyezi. Phunzirani za madzi ochulukirapo omwe angathe kutsetsereka ndi kutchinga masamba.

Kodi kudyetsa chomera

Kudyetsa koyamba kwa rhododendron kumachitika kumayambiriro kwa masika, ndipo kotsiriza - kumapeto kwa July, kumapeto kwa maluwa, pamene mphukira zazing'ono zimayamba kukula. Angagwiritsidwe ntchito popatsa zomera zowonongeka ng'ombe zamphongo, ndi ufa wa nyanga. Rhododendron imasankha madzi okwanira, kotero manyowa amatsanulira ndi madzi (1:15 chiŵerengero), ndipo amasiyidwa kuti ayime kwa masiku angapo. Musanayambe kupanga feteleza pa rhododendron, iyenera kuthiriridwa.

Ngati tikulankhula za feteleza mchere, kuti musasokoneze zomwe zimakhalapo (rhododendron imakula mu dothi losavuta), ndi bwino kugwiritsa ntchito superphosphate, ammonium sulphate, low concentration concentration magnesium (1.2: 1000), komanso ngakhale njira yochepa ya fetereza ya fetereza.

Mankhwala opangira feteleza amatanthauza kukhazikitsa feteleza kapena mankhwala obiridwa a nitrojeni pa mlingo wa masentimita 50 a magnesium sulfate ndi makumi asanu magalamu a ammonium sulphate pa mita imodzi (feteleza amagwiritsidwa ntchito kunthaka kumayambiriro kwa masika), ndipo kumapeto kwa nyengo (kumayambiriro kwa June) ziyenera kukhala anali ndi magalamu makumi anayi a ammonium sulfate ndi magalamu makumi awiri a potassium sulphate ndi superphosphate. Mu July, makilogalamu makumi awiri okha a potassium sulphate ndi superphosphate amadziwika pa mita imodzi.

Mukudziwa? Uchi wa timadzi tokoma ta mtundu wina wa rhododendron, uli ndi hallucinogenic ndi laxative katundu. Ngakhale Aroma ndi Agiriki akale adayankhula za zotsatira za uchi kuchokera ku rhododendron.

Mmene mungayendetsere rhododendron

Rhododendron amafunika kupanga mapangidwe ndi kudulira, chifukwa tchire zake zimapanga mawonekedwe abwino. Komabe, nthawi ndi nthawi zidzakhala zofunikira kudula kwambiri, mazira kapena akale, omwe angakuthandizeni kukonzanso ndondomekoyi. Kudulira mphukira ya rhododendron kumayambiriro kwa masika, ndipo malo ocheka amachitidwa ndi phula la munda (koma ndi pamene kukula kwake kwa nthambi kukufika pa 2-4 cm).

Pakutha mwezi umodzi, mphukira zowoneka pa mphukira zimadzuka, ndipo kuyambiranso kumayambira, komwe kumatenga chaka chimodzi. Masamba otentha kwambiri kapena okalamba amadulidwa pamtunda wa 30-40 masentimita kuchokera pansi - theka la chitsamba m'chaka choyamba, ndipo chachiwiri - chotsatira.

Ndikofunikira! Rhododendrons ali ndi khalidwe labwino: iwo amamera ndi kubala zipatso mowolowa manja mu chaka chimodzi, ndipo chaka chotsatira iwo ali odzichepetsa kwambiri. Pochotsa periodicity yoteroyo, m'pofunika kuchotsa zofwima zakufa pambuyo pa maluwa. Ndiye rhododendron idzagwiritsa ntchito mphamvu ndi zakudya kuti zikhale ndi maluwa kwa chaka chotsatira.

Kukonzekera nyengo yozizira ndi malo ogona rhododendron

Ndikofunika kukonzekera nyengo yozizira pasadakhale. Pochita zimenezi, kuyambira kumapeto kwa chilimwe, muyenera kusiya kudya ndi nitrojeni, ndi kusintha kwa fetashi feteleza (izi zidzakuthandizira kusasitsa kwa kukula kwa mapeto). Mukhozanso kuwonjezera sulfure m'nthaka, yomwe imalimbikitsa nthaka ndi kuchepetsa kukula kwa bowa.

Zitsamba za Rhododendron zitha kuchiritsidwa ndi iliyonse ya fungicides. Mu youma yophukira, chomeracho chiyenera kuthirira madzi asanayambe, koma mvula yoyambilira yophukira zina zowonjezera sizikufunika. Makamaka mu chinyezi amafunika mitundu yobiriwira ya rhododendrons.

Mwamsanga pamene frosts abwera, m'pofunika kutentha mzu woyandikana wa zomera. Izi zikhoza kuchitika poyika mulumikizidwe ndi masentimita 10-15 a peat, singano zapaini, kapena masamba owuma. Izi zachitika kumapeto kwa autumn. Chomera chachisanu chochepa chimakhala choopsa kwambiri, koma malo oyambirira omwe amakhala pakhomo la mitengo ya rhododendron ikhoza kuyambitsa mzuzi kutupa kwa khosi ndi imfa ya chomeracho.

Tsopano, kwenikweni, ponena za kumanga kogona kwa rhododendron. Choyamba muyenera kupanga makina osungira waya, ndikuyiyika musanafike dziko lapansi. Ukulu wake uyenera kukhala woposa masentimita 15 kuposa mbewu yokha, kuti nthambi za rhododendron zisakhudze ma arcs.

Pamene kutentha kwa mpweya kudumpha kufika pa -10 ° C, chimango chiyenera kutengedwa ndi zinthu zoteteza (polyurethane chithovu, polypropylene), ndipo ngati zinthuzo sizinenepa, ndiye zingathe kupangidwa m'matangidwe angapo (lutrasil, agrotex, spandbond ndi ena). Ngati chovalacho chiyamba kudutsa chinyezi, muyenera kutambasula filimu ya pulasitiki pamwamba. Zomwe zili pa chithunzicho zimakhazikitsidwa bwino, ndi pansi pambali yonse kutalika ndi nthaka.

Palibe chifukwa chofulumira kuchotsa pogona ku rhododendron, dzuwa litangotentha. Mu March, chomeracho chimakhalabe mopuma, ndipo sichikhoza kuyamwa chinyezi ku nthaka, ndipo masamba a rhododendron akhoza kutentha ndi dzuwa. Choncho, tifunika kuyembekezera kuti nthaka iwonongeke bwino ndipo nthaka ikuwongoleratu, chifukwa pokha pokha pogona padzatha kuchotsedwa ku khola, ndipo ndizofunikira kuti tichite zimenezi pa tsiku lotentha. M'masiku oyambirira mutatha kuchoka pogona, zomera zimagwiritsidwa ntchito popewera kuvulaza kwa dzuwa.

Mukudziwa? North America imatengedwa ngati malo obadwira a rhododendron, ndipo rhododendron yaikulu ndilo chizindikiro cha boma cha Washington.