Nthawi yambiri ya vitamini, ndithudi, ndi yophukira. Koma ambiri a ife timafuna kuti tifunikire mwamsanga mwamsanga ndi zipatso zokoma ndi zokometsera zomwe zimabweretsa zosiyana kwambiri ndi zakudya zathu zamasiku ndi tsiku.
Mbali imodzi, chilakolako chimenechi chimakhutitsidwa ndi zipatso za zipatso zoyambirira, chilimwe, nthawi yakucha. Chimodzi mwazochitika (ngakhale opanda maonekedwe awo) omwe akuimira "banja" ili peyala Oryol kukongola, kutanthauzira mozama za izi zosiyanasiyana m'nkhaniyi. Amangokondweretsa osati dzina lake lokha, komanso ndi makhalidwe abwino kwambiri a ogulitsa.
Kodi ndi mapeyala otani?
Monga tanenera kale, "Oryol Beauty" - nyengo zosiyanasiyana. Iwo amalingalira izo kwa gulu ili chifukwa zipatso zake Zipse kumapeto kwa August.
Panthaŵi imodzimodziyo, nthawi ya wogula, yomwe mapeyala amatha kusungidwa popanda kuwonongeka kwa malonda awo ndi kukoma kwake, kawirikawiri amatha masabata 2-3.
Tiyenera kukumbukira kuti miyeso yotsatiridwayo imayikidwa motsatira ndondomeko zomwe zakwaniritsidwa m'chigawo cha Oryol - "Buku" la peyala iyi.
Zokambirana za zipatso zake zingasinthidwe m'njira imodzi kapena ina, malingana ndi dera la kulima.
Choncho, zosiyanasiyanazi zimakopa chidwi makamaka ndi wamaluwa omwe safuna kudikirira zokolola za mapiri. Komabe, kuchokera ku chilimwe ndi kumayambiriro kwa chilimwe mitundu "Oryol Beauty" imasiyana kwambiri ndi nthawi yaitali yosunga khalidwe.
Mbali ina ya mtundu wofotokozedwa ndi zaka zake zoyambirira. Gawoli limasonyeza zaka zoyamba za fruiting ya mtengo, ndipo chiyambi ndi chaka cha kufesa muzitsamba, osati nthawi yobzala mbewu (mtengo wobzalidwa ukhoza kukhala wa chaka chimodzi, kapena mwina zaka 2-3). "Oryol kukongola" imayamba kubala chipatso kwa zaka 5-7 za moyo wake.
Mitundu yamitundu ya chilimwe imaphatikizaponso: Rogneda, Duchess, Chizhovskaya, Severyanka ndi Lel.
Mbiri yobereketsa ndi zigawo zobereketsa
Zamoyo zosiyana siyana zinabzalidwa potsatira maziko a bungwe lonse la Russian-Research Institute for Breeding Fruit Crops (Oryol Region).
Nthambiyi imadziwika bwino ku Russia ndi kudutsa malire ake kuti ikhale ndi mpikisano wodabwitsa wa mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya zipatso zomwe zingathe kukulirakulira pogwiritsa ntchito matekinoloje amakono.
Chaka cha 1977 chimawerengedwa kuti ndi chaka cha kubadwa kwa Oryol Beauty.
Gulu la asayansi-obereketsa anagwira peyala yatsopano: E. Sedov (mtsogoleri wa gulu, dokotala wa sayansi yaulimi, wophunzira wa Russian Academy of Sciences Sciences), N. Krasova, A. Kuznetsova.
Panthawiyi, "Oryol Beauty" ndi yosiyana kwambiri ndi momwe chilolezocho chimakhalira majini ndi mitundu yokha ya European pear.
Kutangotsala pang'ono kumapeto kwa chisankho, chodabwitsachi chinalowa mu Register Varietal Register. Pakalipano, peyalayi imagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka m'minda yamaluwa Central Black Earth Region ya Russia.
"Oryol kukongola" akhoza kukula m'madera ena, koma ozilenga ake satsimikiziranso zomwe zinakhazikitsidwa panthawi ya kusankha kwake kwa Oryol.
Mtundu uwu wa peyala umalimbikitsidwa ndi olemba ake kuti azilima (malinga ndi zofunikira zonse za agrotechnical) muzitsamba zazikulu ndi zinyumba zazing'ono.
M'madera awa, mitundu yamapereyala monga Cathedral, Krasnobokaya, Elena, Vernaya ndi Victoria ikukula bwino.
Kufotokozera zosiyanasiyana Orlovskaya kukongola
Pear Orlovskaya kukongola ali ndi zotsatirazi ndi zina:
Mtengo
Izi zosiyanasiyana zimatchulidwa chomera chomera cholimba. Kutalika kwa munthu wamkulu kumafika pa chizindikiro. pa mamita 11-13. Makungwa pa mtengo wa mtengo ndi ofewa bwino, ali ndi imvi.
Korona, nthambi. Chikhalidwe chimadziwika ndi kwambiri masamba a korona wa khalidwe pyramidal mawonekedwe. Kawirikawiri zimakula kwambiri moti zimakhala zovuta kwambiri kuchepetsa kukula kwake m'mizere yozungulira ngakhale ndi kudulira kwakukulu.
Nkhosa zamakona za korona zimakula kuchokera ku thunthu pang'onopang'ono. Nthambi zazikulu ndizo imvi.
Akuwombera. Chidziwikiritso cha mphukira zochepa kwambiri ndizozengereza kwambiri. Pamwamba pa mphukira pamasamba a pubescence. Chigawo chokwanira, chakuzungulira. Mtundu waukulu wa mphukira ndi wofiirira kapena wofiira.
Pa izi formations anapanga masamba ndi conical nsonga ndi yosalala pamwamba. Chechevichki inafotokozedwa modabwitsa kwambiri. Chomera chachikulu cha fruiting chimaperekedwa ndi ziphuphu zosavuta komanso zovuta.
Masamba. Zimasiyanasiyana mmalo mwake kukula kwakukulu ndi kutalika, sillyette ellipsoid. Tsamba la pepala ndilokulondola.
Mzere wa pamwamba pa pepala lofanana umakhala ndi ndondomeko yaifupi, yowongoka. Pamphepete pamakhala kupsyinjika pang'ono. Wosasuntha, wokhala ndi kachilombo kameneka kamakhala kofiira mumdima wobiriwira. Tsamba lililonse limagwira pa nthambi pogwiritsa ntchito tsinde lalitali.
Inflorescences Maluwa amachokera ku maluwa okongola kwambiri. Mlingo wamaluwa ndi wamakono kapena wamkulu, wofiira, ndi tinthu tating'ono tambirimbiri pamtengowo.
Zipatso
Iwo amadziwika ndi kulemera kwake ndi kukula kwake. Kawirikawiri anabala chipatso cham'mwamba, chowongolera pang'ono akulemera pafupifupi 150 g.
Wosasunthika, wosasunthika, wokhutira ndi mafuta, peel pa nthawi yakuchotsa chipatso cha mtengo uli ndi mtundu wobiriwira, koma kuti ukwaniritse kugula kwake kumapeza mtundu wobiriwira wobiriwira ndi mthunzi wofiira kapena wofiira.
Pa nthawi yomweyi, timagulu ting'onoting'ono tomwe timagwiritsa ntchito pang'onopang'ono timayang'ana pa peyala. Pa nthawi yomweyo thupi ndi loyera ndi mtundu wobiriwira.
Kusinthasintha kwa mafutawa kwa peyalayi kumasiyanitsidwa ndi golide wabwino kwambiri.
Mkati mwa chipatso, m'zipinda zing'onozing'ono za mbewu ndi mbewu zapakatikati. Zipatso zimasungidwa pamtengo ndi zowonongeka, zowonjezereka, mwinamwake zimakhala zozungulira.
Chithunzi
Zizindikiro
Chimodzi mwa maonekedwe a mitundu ndi okongola zokolola zazikulu. Kuyambira ali wamng'ono, mitengo ya "Orlovskaya kukongola" zosiyanasiyana zimaperekedwa kwa wamaluwa chaka chilichonse pafupipafupi, kwa anthu 100 pa hekitala.
Ndikoyenera kudziwa kuti zokolola zofanana, mitundu yambiri ya mapeyala zimafika panthawi ya kukula kwa zipatso. Ofotokozedwa chikhalidwe, kukhala mtengo wamkulu, amasonyeza Kawirikawiri zokolola za makilogalamu 35-40 pa nyengo, kapena pafupifupi 160-200 peresenti pa hekitala.
Zokolola zapamwamba zimasonyezanso: Yakovlevskaya, Svetlyanka, Bere Bosk, Talgar kukongola ndi Bere Russkaya.
Komabe, mitengo yamtundu wotere si nthawi zonse. Kuti tipeze zokolola zambiri komanso zipatso zabwino kwambiri, nkofunika kuti tizitsatira zofunikira zonse za agrotechnical ndi miyezo. Mu njira zambiri, tiyenera kudalira luso, ndiko kuti, nyengo yabwino.
Chowonadi ndi chakuti mapeyala awa amapeza kukoma kwawo kwakukulu, ngati akakalamba ndi nyengo yofunda, nyengo yamvula. Kenaka zipatso zimakhala zowutsa mudyo, zonunkhira komanso zokoma.
Koma ngati chilimwe chimakhala chozizira, popanda mvula yambiri, ndiye kuti zipatso za "Oryol kukongola" zimatha kutaya juiciness, kukhala zouma, zosakoma ndi zosangalatsa kulawa.
Maonekedwe a chipatsocho ndi mankhwala awa:
| Kupanga | Chiwerengero cha |
|---|---|
| Sahara | 9,3% |
| Anatulutsa acides | 0,21% |
| P-yogwira zinthu | 24.3 mg / 100 g |
| Ascorbic acid | 3.8 mg / 100 g |
Chinthu chinanso chopindulitsa cha zosiyanasiyanazi ndi zake zabwino yozizira hardiness. Mayesero asonyeza kuti ngakhale matalala aakulu mpaka -35 ° C samachititsa kuti chomera chilichonse chiwonongeke.
Mitundu yotsatira ikusiyanitsidwa ndi chisanu chotsutsa: Extravaganza, Uralochka, Tyoma, Larinskaya ndi Perun.
Kubzala ndi kusamalira
"Oryol Beauty" amakula bwino pa dothi loamy. Kuti moyo wawo ukhale wabwino, tikulimbikitsanso kuti nthaka izikhalabe yachonde.
Chofunikira china chofunikira pa nthaka - chiyenera kukhala chokwanira mokwanira.
Dothi louma, momwe mizu ya peyala imakula, imakhudza kwambiri kukoma kwa zipatso zake.
Choncho, wolima minda ayenera kukumbukira izi ndikukonzekera malo okwanira.
Zina zofunika ku munda wamunda, zomwe zikukonzekera kubzala mbewu zosiyanasiyana, sizili zosiyana ndi zofunikira za kubzala mitundu ina ya mapeyala.
Ikani izo ziyenera konzekerani bwino ndi dzuwa ndikukhala mbali yamtendere, yopanda mphepo.
Kubwera kawirikawiri kumachitika mu April. Pansi pa mmera kukumba dzenje la mamita 1 kwambiri ndi 65-70 masentimita awiri. Mukamabzala mtengo sayenera kuikidwa m'manda - pamwamba pa nthaka Msuzi wa mizu ayenera kuyang'aniridwa ndi pafupi 6-7 masentimita.
Nthambi zingathe kudulidwa musanabzala - Izi zidzalola korona wamtsogolo kuti ipange molondola. Pankhaniyi, palibe njira yothetsera mizu. Ndikofunika kumvetsetsa: Mitsitsi yambiri imakhala ndi, mofulumira komanso bwinoko idzayamba mizu m'malo atsopano.
Musanabzala mbewu, mwina humus (humus), ammonium nitrate (80 g), potassium sulphate (150 g), kapena superphosphate (1 makilogalamu), kapena phulusa (700-800 g) ayenera kuikidwa m'munda wobzala.
Atakhazikitsa sapling mu dzenje ndi kufalitsa mizu yake mwachangu, amadzaza mizu ndi chisakanizo cha dothi lomwe limachokera pamene kukumba dzenje, kuphatikizapo mchenga ndi feteleza.
Pambuyo pake, mzere wozungulira wapangidwe umapangidwa. Malire a bwalo amachititsa dothi lakuda mthunzi 2-3 masentimita pamwamba, unagwiridwa ndi mpweya wa 35-40 masentimita
Momwemo mumapangidwe a pulawu Mitsuko 2-3 yamadzi ozizira ozizira amatsanuliridwa. Malo okwanira kumapeto kwa kubzala amadzaza ndi humus ndi utuchi wouma.
Kusamalira bwino mbewu kumaphatikizapo kuthirira mtengo nthawi zonse (izi ndizofunikira kwambiri), kumasula nthaka, feteleza, nthawi yake komanso kutetezedwa kwathunthu ku matenda ndi tizilombo toononga.
Matenda ndi tizirombo
Zosiyanasiyana "Oryol kukongola" zimasonyeza kukana //selo.guru/ptitsa/bolezni-p/gribkovye/parsha.html masamba ndi zipatso.
Malinga ndi zomwe zikuchitika, ngakhale m'zaka za kufalikira kwa matendawa, nkhanambo ya kuwonongeka kwa zipatso zake inali yotsika kuposa 0,2 mfundo, ndipo masamba - osapitirira 1.1 mfundo.
Kukolola bwino kwa peyala imeneyi kumafuna kwa wamaluwa kuti aziganizira zambiri za "chomera" cha chomera ndi ntchito zambiri.
Komabe, kukoma kwakukulu kwa zipatso zake ndi zokolola zochititsa chidwi sizingowonjezera zonse zoyesayesa zaumunthu.
