Manyowa ndi amchere a potaziyamu kapena sodium, omwe amachokera ku humic acid. MANKHWALA ndi asidi ndiwo ndiwo ndiwo nthaka, zomwe zimayambira ndi humus. Komanso, humus imayambitsa pafupifupi mitundu yonse ya zinthu zakuthambo zomwe zimachitika m'nthaka. Mapangidwe a humus amapezeka chifukwa cha kuwonongeka kwa zinthu zakutchire, ndipo kuchokera mmenemo motsogoleredwa ndi madzi, oxygen ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, timapezekanso. Imodzi mwa mitunduyi ndi potaziyamu, yomwe imathandiza kuti pakhale chonde.
Potaziyamu humate: kufotokoza ndi kupanga
Potaziyamu humate ndi feteleza omwe ali ndi manyowa ochuluka (pamwamba pa 80%), ntchito yake imachepetsa kukula ndi kukula kwa mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya zomera. Zomwe zimapangidwira zimakhala zochepetsa kuchepa kwa nthaka, komanso kuonjezera zizindikiro zake zomwe zimakhudza zomera - masamba, zipatso, munda ndi maluwa. Potaziyamu humate, kuphatikizapo humic acid, imaphatikizapo peptides, masewera olimbitsa thupi, maantibayotiki, michere, amino acid.
Zinyontho zimapangitsa njira zamagetsi komanso zamagetsi m'nthaka; zimakhala zigawo za peat, malasha, silt, ndi mitundu ina ya nthaka. Kumapeto kwa zaka za zana la 18, wasayansi Ahard Franz adatulutsa mchere wochokera ku peat. Manyowa amapangidwa tsopano, kuwapeza kuchokera ku dothi, peat, sapropel, malasha a bulauni, lignosulfate. Kuwonekera - ufa wouma wofiira, palinso madzi akuwongolera.
Kugwiritsira ntchito mankhwalawa ndiko kulandira mbewu, cuttings, mbande, komanso mbali zosiyanasiyana za zomera zazikulu.
Ndikofunikira! Potassium humate si "panacea" kwa zomera, komatu ndizovala zapamwamba. Pa nthawi imodzimodziyo, tiyenera kuyembekezera zotsatira zabwino zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pogwiritsa ntchito njira zazikulu zokula zomera, komanso kuti nthaka ndi yamchere komanso podzolic, koma osati yowonongeka.Potaziyamu humate siigwiritsidwe ntchito nthawi yomweyo ndi feteleza, yomwe ili ndi phosphorous, ndi calcium nitrate, chifukwa imapanga mankhwala osakanikirana. Yoyamba, pafupi masiku 3-5, mcherewu umalowetsedwa mu nthaka yabwino, ndipo pambuyo pake - feteleza.
Potassium humate sichidzakhala ndi chiyembekezero ngakhale m'nthaka yachonde - nthaka yakuda.
Mitundu ya potaziyamu imatulutsa
Potassium humate ndi feteleza komanso zachilengedwe zomwe zimapangidwa kuchokera ku mchere wambiri. Kawirikawiri wamaluwa ndi wamaluwa amagwiritsira ntchito potaziyamu yamadzimadzi, ndi yabwino kwambiri kugwiritsa ntchito, komanso amalandira ndondomeko zowonjezereka ndi ndemanga, mwachitsanzo, kuchokera pa pulogalamu yotchuka ya TV yotchedwa Octyabrina Ganichkina.
Potaziyamu amathira
Manyowawa ali ndi mtundu wofiirira, umapangidwa kuchokera ku peat pochotsa zinthu zothandiza ndi kufufuza zinthu. Ndibwino kugwiritsa ntchito, wotchuka chifukwa cha mphamvu zake.
Potaziyamu humate mu mawonekedwe a madzi - ndizoyikira, imadzipangidwira m'madzi ozizira, malinga ndi cholinga chogwiritsira ntchito, Malangizo oti agwiritsidwe ntchito ndi awa:
- Kupititsa patsogolo chikhalidwe chonse cha nthaka, 0.1-0.2% ya chiwerengero chonse cha madzi potaziyamu humate amatengedwa.
- Pofuna kuthira mbewu ndi kupopera mbewu, kuthirira, kubzala mbewu, muyenera kutenga 0.01% ya potaziyamu humate kuchokera muyeso yonse.
Ndikofunikira! Mankhwala amathandiza kuthetsa mankhwala ndi poizoni kuchokera ku zomera ndi zipatso zawo.Manyowa a potaziyamu amatha kugwiritsidwa ntchito limodzi ndi organic kapena nitrogen feteleza.
Potaziyamu imatulutsa ufa
Sakani potaziyamu mu mawonekedwe owuma imagwiritsidwa ntchito pofuna kulimbitsa chitetezo cha mbeu, kuthamanga kwa kukula ndi kucha kwa zipatso: ufawo umadzipiritsidwanso m'madzi, malangizo omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zonse amatenga feteleza. Zotsatira zabwino za potassium humate pa chitukuko cha mizu ya zomera, komanso kuchuluka kwa chlorophyll ndi mavitamini m'mitundu yosiyanasiyana zatsimikiziridwa.
Kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa potaziyamu wouma kumathandiza kuti nthaka ikhale yofulumira kukula kwa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda m'nthaka, motero, mapangidwe abwino a humus amapezeka mofulumira, motero zokolola zimakula kufika 50%, ndipo zipatso zakucha zimachitika kale. Nthaka siimatayika mu zikhalidwe zake, koma imakhala yochuluka kwambiri, ndipo zitsulo zolemera zimachokera kwa izo.
Mukudziwa? Chilogalamu imodzi ya ufa wotsekemera wa potaziyamu amalowetsa tani imodzi ya humus.
Potassium humate "Wowonjezera"
Potaziyamu imeneyi imapangidwanso ndi zinthu zina zomwe zimapezeka m'madzi otchedwa humrop sapel (pansi pamadzi a m'madzi). Potassium humate "Wowonjezera" ali ponseponse. Kuwaza feteleza ukuyenera kupangidwa kawiri pa mwezi kuchokera pa March kufika pa September, ndipo kuyambira pa October mpaka February - kamodzi pa mwezi ndi theka. Kukonzekera kwa njira yothetsera potaziyamu iyi imapangidwa nthawi yomweyo musanagwiritse ntchito, ndi bwino kusisunga kuti mugwiritse ntchito mtsogolo.
Mankhwala othandiza a potaziyamu amawombera zomera
Malo enieni a potassium humate akhoza kutchedwa kukula kwake-kukondweretsa zotsatira kwa mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya zomera. Makamaka feteleza amakhudza mizu, kuwukweza kuti ukhale ndikukwaniritsa mbeu yonseyo.
Potaziyamu humate ali ndi zotsatira zopindulitsa katundu: 
- chitetezo ndi chiyanjano;
- kubwezeretsa ndi kusintha kwa zizindikiro za nthaka;
- Kufulumira kwa kucha kwa mbewu ndi zipatso (kwa masabata awiri);
- zokolola zokolola;
- kuwonjezeka kwakukulu;
- kulimbikitsa mizu;
- kuwonjezeka kwachitsulo chitetezo ndi matenda kukana;
- kuchepetsa kufunikira kwa zomera za nitrates ndi kuchuluka kwa zipatso;
- kuonjezera nthawi yosungiramo mbeu;
- kulimbikitsa zomera kusamalidwa kutentha;
- Zotsatira za chikhalidwe chilichonse.
Momwe mungathetsere potaziyamu yowonjezera, malangizo oti mugwiritse ntchito mbewu zosiyanasiyana
Malingana ndi cholinga chogwiritsiridwa ntchito, potaziyamu humate imadzipulidwa m'njira zosiyanasiyana, malangizo ogwiritsidwa ntchito mosiyana.
Poyikira, kuchepetsa 0,5 g (pafupifupi gawo limodzi mwa magawo atatu a supuni ya supuni) ya potassium humate pa lita imodzi ya madzi. Mbewu kapena mababu a zomera amaikidwa mu njira yothetsera maola 8-12 mpaka masiku awiri, zidutswazo zimatsitsidwa ndi magawo awiri pa atatu a kutalika kwa nthawi ya maola 14.
Kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa kumatheka ndi njira yofooka. - 3 g ya potassium humate imadzipiritsidwa mu 10 malita a madzi.
Kukonzekera kwa feteleza kwa ulimi wothirira ndi motere: supuni imodzi ya potassium humate imasungunuka mu 10 malita a madzi - yogwiritsidwa ntchito kwa mbande, komanso yoyenera kuigwiritsa ntchito panthawi imene maluwawo akuphulika, kapena masamba ake amatha.
Ndikofunikira! Potaziyamu humate imagwiritsidwanso ntchito pambuyo pa mankhwala ndi mankhwala ophera tizilombo. Pochita izi, 50 g wa feteleza mu ufa wouma umasakanizidwa ndi mchenga kapena phulusa ndipo amabalalika pa 10 mita mamita.
Pakuti masamba
Mitengo ya zamasamba imayikidwa ndi potaziyamu humate musanafese, komanso panthawi ya kukula - ntchitoyi imasiyanasiyana kawiri kapena kasanu ndi kamodzi. Kwa ulimi wothirira, tenga 50-100 ml ya fetereza pa 10 malita a madzi ndikudya 3-10 malita pa mita imodzi lalikulu, malingana ndi mtundu wa zomera. Kutayidwa ndi njira yomweyo ndi theka kufika pa malita atatu pa 100 lalikulu mamita.
Beets, kabichi, zukini, kaloti zimadalira mankhwala ndi potaziyamu humate 4 nthawi pa nyengo. Mbatata amafunika kuviikidwa kapena kuthiridwa asanayambe kubzala. Potaziyamu humate imagwiritsidwa ntchito 3-4 nthawi kudyetsa nkhaka ndi tomato.
Mbewu imadonthozedwa pa mlingo wa 100 ml wa madzi osungunuka pa lita imodzi yamadzi kwa maola 24, tubers ndi mababu - kwa maola 10-12.
Kwa zobiriwira
Zomera izi zimayenera kukonzedwa nthawi ziwiri mpaka kasanu pa nyengo. Njira yothetsera (50-100 ml ya potassium humate pa 10 malita a madzi) imagwiritsiridwa ntchito monga ulimi wothirira - kuyambira mamita atatu mpaka khumi pa mita imodzi. Chotsatira chake, kukoma kwake kumasungidwa, kukula kwa umera kumawonjezeka, kumbuyo kwa kukana kwa zovuta zachilengedwe ndi matenda a zikhalidwe zobiriwira kumawonjezeka.
Pakuti zipatso ndi mabulosi
Potaziyamu imamera chifukwa cha mtundu uwu wa mbewu zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pochiza nkhuni, mizu ndi mbali zina za mitengo, zitsamba, ndi zomera za herbaceous (mwa kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa). Ndi bwino kugwiritsa ntchito feteleza pogwiritsira ntchito mankhwala ophera tizilombo ndi herbicides.
Zovala zapamwamba ndi zokometsera zimachitika kumayambiriro kwa masika isanayambe maluwa, pamene zipatso zimayambitsa mazira, komanso nthawi ya kucha.
Mukudziwa? Potaziyamu imathandiza kuti shuga ipeze zipatso, choncho zipatso, zipatso mukamagwiritsa ntchito kuvala koteroko zimakhala zokoma.Konzani njira yothetsera vutoli (50-100 ml ya potaziyamu yotentha madzi pa lita imodzi ya madzi), zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pozemberera mbewu tsiku, mababu, tubers - kwa maola 10-12. Pamene kuthirira madzi ofananawo kumathera mu 10 malita a madzi, ndipo kumadya 3-10 malita pa mita imodzi lalikulu. Kupopera mbewu kumaphatikizapo mlingo umodzi ndi theka kufika pa malita atatu a yankho lodziwika pa mamita 100 lalikulu.
Pakuti maluwa amaluwa
Garden maluwa amalimbikitsidwa kuti akhale umuna ndi potaziyamu humate mu kasupe, pamene nyengo nyengo imayamba mu osatha zomera, ndipo mu annuals - mu gawo lonse kukula. Kenaka perekani kuchokera pa zitatu mpaka zisanu ndi chimodzi. Mbewu imanyowa musanafese tsiku, mababu ndi tubers kwa theka la nthawi. Yankho lirikonzedwa motere - tengani 50-100 ml ya humate pa lita imodzi ya madzi.
Mankhwala ofanana ndi a potaziyamu amagwiritsidwa ntchito kuthirira (3-10 malita pa mita imodzi) ndi kupopera mbewu (1.5-3 malita pa 100 mita mamita), koma pa mlingo wa 10 malita a madzi.
Kwa zomera zamkati
Ndikofunika kwambiri kugwiritsa ntchito feteleza potaziyamu kuti ikhale ndi zomera zoweta, chifukwa humus siimapangidwe mu malo ochepa a mphika. Kuvala pamwamba ndi feteleza uku kumapangitsa kukula ndi kukongola kwa maluwa m'mapiri. Ikuchitika nthawi yomwe zomera zikukula mwakuya, zomwe zimachitika mu March-September: zimamera nthawi 1 m'masiku 10-15. Mu nyengo yochepa kuyambira October mpaka February, feteleza imapangidwa kamodzi pa mwezi ndi theka. Dulani yankho la mlingo wa 5-100 ml wa potaziyamu humate pa madzi okwanira lita imodzi, kuonetsetsa kuti masambawo ndi ofunda kwambiri. Kuthirira kumabweretsa njira imodzimodziyo, mosimitsa nthaka.
Ubwino wogwiritsa ntchito potaziyamu kumatulutsa zomera
Kuphatikizira, zikhoza kunenedwa za potassium humate kuti izi ndizo feteleza wachilengedwe ndi zotsatira zatsimikiziridwa monga kuwonjezeka kwa zokolola, kukula kwa zomera, kukula kwa nthaka.
Potassium humate imathandiza kwambiri mbewu zosiyanasiyana ndipo imagwiritsidwa ntchito pokonza masamba, tirigu, mphesa, strawberries, raspberries, mitengo yamaluwa komanso zomera zodzikongoletsa. kapena kubzala, kupopera mbewu kumatulutsa zomera, kuwathandiza pa nthawi ya maluwa, kudyetsa mizu ndi kuthirira. Komanso, fetereza imakhudza nthaka, imakula msinkhu wake.
Potassium humate imapangitsa kuti zomera zisamane ndi matenda osiyanasiyana komanso kuwononga tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zosiyana kwambiri ndi nyengo, nyengo.
Muzovutazo, kugwiritsa ntchito potaziyamu kumatulutsa ndi feteleza omwe ali ndi nayitrogeni akhoza kuwonjezera mphamvu zawo ndipo potero amachepetsa kuchuluka kwa ndalama, zomwe zidzatengera ndalama zowonjezera komanso kukhala ndi khalidwe labwino.
Kugwiritsa ntchito potassium humate, yomwe ili ndi humic acids, imalimbikitsa kuchotsa mankhwala ophera tizilombo, herbicides, radionuclides ndi zina zonyansa. Ndipo izi zimakuthandizani kusunga mikhalidwe yaikulu ya mankhwala, zomwe zakula pa tsamba ndizo chitetezo ndi chilengedwe.
Ndikofunikira! Kutchuka kwa feteleza uyu kwachititsa kuti zikhale ndi chiwerengero chachikulu cha opanga, chomwe chimaphatikizapo kusankha. Okonzanso amaluwa amafunikanso kusiyana pakati pa mchere wina ndi mzake, mwachitsanzo, mtundu wa potassium humate B. Chomera ichi chimakhala chozizira kwambiri, chomwe chiri choyenera ngati mukuchigwiritsa ntchito ku mbewu zambiri pazigawo zosiyana siyana za nyengo yokula, komanso pakukolola mbewu ndikuzikonzekera kukwera.Potaziyamu humate ndi feteleza yambiri yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito popititsa patsogolo mchere, kuonjezera zokolola komanso kukula kwa mbewu. Ndi yabwino komanso yosavuta kugwiritsira ntchito, ndipo chofunika kwambiri ndi chiyani, feteleza, monga chimbudzi, ndipo nthawi zambiri amasankhidwa ndi wamaluwa ndi wamaluwa kuti azisamalira mbewu zosiyanasiyana.
