Mbiri ya maula monga chikhalidwe chakhala ndi zaka zoposa 1,000. Zinafika ku Russia m'zaka za zana la 17, ndipo zafala kwambiri pakati pa zaka za zana la 18.
Nthawi zambiri amapezeka m'dera lozungulira la Russian Federation, koma lakhala likudziwika kwambiri ku Moldova, Crimea ndi Ukraine.
Pulogalamu mtengo wokonda kwambiri kutentha ndipo wakula makamaka kum'mwera zigawo.
Wotchuka kwambiri, wotumizidwa ku mitundu yatsopano yatsopano, kugonjetsedwa ndi matenda ndi chisanu, ndi maula osiyanasiyana Anna Speth.
Anna Shpet Plum: zofotokozera zosiyanasiyana
Mtengo wa Anna Shpet ndi wamtali kwambiri, ndi korona wambiri ndi wandiweyani piramidi ya korona ndi makungwa a grayish. Mphukira ndi yandiweyani, yofiira ndi yaying'ono internodes. Nthambi zikuluzikulu ndi mphukira ndizokhazikika kwambiri.
Maluwawo ndi ochepa, ndi nsonga zabwino. Masamba ndi ang'onoang'ono, ovundala, okhala pamwamba, obiriwira, osakanikirana, otsekedwa pamphepete, opanda ndodo komanso ndi petiole.
Maluwawo ndi aakulu, oyera, amalima awiri palimodzi, pamsinkhu waukulu wa pedicle. Petals ndi oval, ndi mapiri avy. Zina zochepa, zina zowirira.
Zipatso ndi zazikulu, zolemera 45-50 magalamu, mdima wofiirira ndi mthunzi wa burgundy, oval, wopanda pubescence. Iwo ali ndi mfundo zambiri zakuda zakuda, ndi lateral suture ndi pafupifupi imperceptible. Peel ya sing'anga makulidwe, yochotsedwa mosavuta, yokutidwa ndi waya wophimba.
Mnofu ndi wokoma kwambiri, ndi zokoma kwambiri mchere kukoma, wachikasu wobiriwira, wandiweyani, pamene mokwanira matchire - yowala chikasu, yowutsa mudyo. Mwalawo ndi waung'ono, ovoid, mosavuta wosiyana ndi zamkati.
Chithunzi
Chithunzi chojambula "Anna Shpet":
Mbiri yobereka
Zaka zosiyanasiyanazi zinapezeka kale kwambiri, kumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma 1870, ku Germany, ndi wofalitsa wotchuka wa ku Germany Ludwig Shpet. Ntchito yake yaikulu inali kubereketsa mitundu yatsopano ya lilac, ndipo mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya maluwa inakula mwakuya kuchokera ku pollination yaulere ya mbewu yosadziwika.
Mitundu imeneyi inafalikira mu USSR m'ma 1930-1940. Anaponyedwa mu 1947 ku madera a Rostov, Astrakhan a Russia, Krasnodar ndi Stavropol Territories.
Kenaka anayamba kukula kum'mwera kwa Belarus, ku Ukraine konse, ku Moldova ndi ku Crimea.
Zizindikiro
Anna Shpet ndi mochedwa plum zosiyanasiyana, zipatso zimayamba kucha kumapeto kwa September kapena kumayambiriro kwa October. Zipatso sizitsitsidwa ndipo akhoza kukhala pamtengo kwa nthawi yaitali ngakhale atatha kusasitsa.
Ubwino waukulu wa izi ndi:
- chokolola chachikulu;
- zipatso zazikulu kwambiri ndi zokoma;
- kumayambiriro kwa fruiting;
- kucha;
- chisamaliro;
- kuthekera kwa kusungirako zipatso za nthawi yaitali;
- mlingo wapamwamba wa kubwezeretsanso kwa mtengo.
Izi ndizosiyana-siyana zosiyana, ndi mtengo wazaka 20 zakubadwa ukhoza kukololedwa 100-150 makilogalamu a zipatso. Anna Shpet amayamba kubala chipatso kale pakatha zaka 4-5 atatha.
Atachotsedwa pamtengo, zipatsozo zimatha kusungidwa kwa nthawi yaitali pamalo ozizira popanda kutaya kukoma ndi khalidwe la mankhwala. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito pokonza ndikugwiritsa ntchito mwatsopano.
Ndi chisanu, mitundu yosiyanasiyana ndi yosakhazikika, komabe, ngakhale ndi kuzizira kwambiri, amatha kuchira msanga. Koma chifukwa cha kukula kwa nyengo yoziziritsa, sizingakhale bwino, chifukwa zimakhala zochepetsera ndipo nthawi zambiri zimadwala. Sichitsitsa nthaka ndi chisamaliro ndipo imatha kuletsa chilala bwino.
Anna Shpet - mitundu yosiyanasiyana imakhala yokhayokha, ndipo kuti mupeze mbewu yabwino imayenera kuwonjezera nyamakazi.
Zokometsetsa zokhala ndi timadzi timene timene timakhalapo chifukwa cha izo zidzakhala mitundu ya plums:
- Victoria;
- Renklod Altana;
- Catherine;
- Kumayambiriro;
- Washington;
- Nyumba yachi Hungary;
- Kirke;
- Renklod wobiriwira.
Anna Shpet amabereka zipatso chaka ndi zambiri. Koma ngakhale chomera chodzichepetsa kwambiri kuti chipeze zokolola zotere, muyenera kupereka chisamaliro choyenera.
Kubzala ndi kusamalira
Ndibwino kuti mukhale ndi chonde m'chaka pamene dziko lapansi lidzathyoledwa. Musanadzalemo nthaka yosavuta kwenikweni ndi mandimu. Ndikofunika kulingalira malo a madzi apansi. Kwa plums, mlingo wawo ukhale wosapitirira 1.5 mamita.
Kupitako bwino kusankha malo otentha, otetezedwa, dzuwaMwachitsanzo, pafupi ndi khoma la nyumba, pafupi ndi mpanda kapena kumwera kwa mtunda. Maluwa amalekerera nthaka chinyezi ndipo samakonda nthaka yolemera, loamy.
Kuyala maenje amakumba mozama pafupifupi 50-60 masentimita ndipo ali ndi masentimita 70-80. Pambuyo poika mbedza, 2/3 ya dzenje imadzaza ndi zosakaniza za organic ndi mineral feteleza (10-15 makilogalamu a humus ndi mapaundi a superphosphate) kuchokera pamwamba pa nthaka.
Mukadzala ndikofunikira kuonetsetsa kuti khosi lazuyo sililowa mu nthaka, ndipo liri masentimita 4 mpaka pamwamba pa nthaka. Mtengowu umasungidwa bwino mu dzenje ndipo umayika mwamphamvu, kusiya chitsime cha ulimi wothirira kuzungulira mizu.
Ng'ombe yosungunula mwamphamvu ndi chingwe chofewa kapena filimu. Pafupi ayenera kukula pafupifupi mitundu 2-3 ya pollinator.
M'chaka choyamba mutabzala, mmerawo sungaberekedwe, umathiridwa madzi okha, umamasulidwa ndikusintha udzu. Kumayambiriro kwa maluwa pafupifupi 80% ya maluwa, ndizofunika kudulidwa kuti zithandize kupulumuka.
Chaka chotsatira, mu June, mutha kusunga feteleza yoyamba ya nayitrogeni. Asanayambe khola la fruiting, mtengo uyenera kuberekedwa katatu pa nyengo: kumayambiriro kwa mwezi wa May, mu June ndi kumapeto kwa August.
Pamene fruiting imakhala yachizolowezi, chovala choyamba chimachitika musanayambe maluwa, yachiwiri - nthawi yomweyo pakubzala zipatso ndi lachitatu - mutatha kukolola.
Mitundu ya plums, yokondweretsa zokolola zawo: Firefly, Hungarian Korneevskaya, Memory of Timiryazev, Renklod Altana, Renklod famu yamagulu, Renklod Soviet, Kroman, Blue mphatso, Kuyambira, Morning, Bolkhovchanka, Skoroplodnaya.
Kuti muchite izi, mukhoza kugwiritsa ntchito yankho la urea, potaziyamu superphosphate kapena nitrophoska. Manyowa amagwiritsidwa ntchito pokhapokha mu nthaka yonyowa, pambuyo pake amamasulidwa mosamala. Mu kugwa kwa nayitrogeni zowonjezereka zimathetsa.
Chaka chilichonse, m'nyengoyi, titamaliza kulima nthaka tiyenera kumasulidwa, kuthirira ndi kuthiridwa bwino ndi humus. Sungani Anna Spet zowonjezera kukula kwa mizuzomwe ziyenera kuchotsedwa.
Komanso njira yofunikira pachisamaliro cha maulamuliro ndi kumwa madzi okwanira nthawi zonse komanso kudulira bwino.
Kudulira koyamba kumachitika nthawi yobzala: nthambi zonse zimadulidwa ku 1/3 ya kutalika. Komanso, kudulira kumachitika pachaka, kumayambiriro kwa masika.
Choyamba, nthambi zotayidwa ndi chisanu ndi matenda zimachotsedwa. Pamene mukupukuta mphukira zazing'ono, tisiyeni kamphamvu kwambiri komanso yowongoka kwambiri. Simungathe kudula mphukira ndi nthambi panthawi imodzi. Simungathe kuchotsapo kuposa kotala la misa yonse.
Mtengo ukatambasula mpaka mamita 2-2.5, ndikuyamba kupanga korona. Pamwamba ndi nthambi zonse zowongoka zimadulidwa, ndi mphamvu zowonjezera - thinned.
Matenda ndi tizirombo
Zowopsya zazikulu zingathe kudziwika:
- pafupifupi yozizira hardiness;
- kuteteza kwa moniliosis ndi polystygnosis.
Maula osiyanasiyana Anna Shpet sagonjetsedwa ndi matenda monga polysigmosis ndi moniliosis.
Polystigosis kapena malo ofiira - Imeneyi ndi matenda a fungus omwe amakhudza masamba a maula ndi chitumbuwa cha chitumbuwa. Zimadziwika kumayambiriro kwa chilimwe, pambuyo mvula yambiri yamvula, ngati mawanga a chikasu pamasamba.
Mawangawa amakula mofulumira ndikuyamba lalanje choyamba ndikuwoneka wofiira. Ngati chomeracho sichiri chithandizo pakapita nthawi, matendawa amachititsa kuti masamba asagwe, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti mtengo usachepetse komanso kuchepetsa kutentha kwa chisanu.
Musanachite fruiting, mtengo wodwalayo ukhoza kuchitidwa ndi Bordeaux osakaniza kapena fungicides yapadera. Pambuyo kukolola, autumn, zabwino kumathandiza kupopera masamba ndi nthaka pansi pa vitriol ya buluu. Ndipo onetsetsani kuti masamba onse akugwa ayenera kupangidwa ndi kutenthedwa.
Moniliosis, mosiyana ndi malo ofiirawo, samakhudza masamba okha, koma mbali zonse za chomera. Masamba ndi mphukira zomwe zimakhudzidwa zimakhala zofiira ndi zowuma. Zipatsozo zimaphimbidwa ndi zochepa zazing'ono ndipo zimayamba kuvunda.
Njira zolimbana ndi matendawa ndi njira zambiri zofanana ndi chithandizo cha polysigmosis, ndipo zimaphatikizapo kuyeretsa nthawi yake masamba kudulira nthambi zowopsya ndi mphukira; ndikukonza nkhuni ndi Bordeaux osakaniza ndi fungicides.
Zosiyanasiyana Anna Shpet nthawi zambiri amavutika ndi chisanu kuwonongeka ndi kuzunzidwa kwa ndodo.
Choncho, m'nyengo yozizira, chomeracho chiyenera kutsekedwa kwathunthu, ndipo munthu wamkulu azisunga thunthu mothandizidwa ndi nsalu yakuda yophimba ndi matope a polymer.
Izi zidzateteza mtengo osati ku chisanu, komanso kuwonongeka ndi hares ndi mbewa.
Ngakhale kuti pali mitundu yambiri ya mitundu yambiri yambiri yomwe imatsutsana ndi matenda ndi chisanu, Anna Shpet ndi woyenera kubzala ku dacha.
Inde, poyerekeza ndi ubwino, palibe zovuta zambiri.
