Onse omwe ali ndi malo ogulitsa minda ndi minda amakhala makamaka ndi chidwi ndi zomwe amazipanga mbatata. Popeza anthu ambiri ku Russia ali ndi magawo ang'onoang'ono, izi zimayikidwa patsogolo.
Panthawi yaulimi wosadalirika komanso nyengo zosakhazikika, sichingakhale chanzeru kuti nthawi ndi kuyesetsa kulima, kubzala, kufikira, kulima, ndi kuwongolera namsongole ndi tizirombo kuti zisanduke mbewu yochepa - yochepera yomwe idabyalidwa, yomwe sioyenera kudya ndi kusungirako, chifukwa tubers sanakule mpaka kukula koyenera.
Chifukwa chake, kusankha mbatata ndi ntchito yofunika, yofunikira kuti muphunzire mozama za kulima, zipatso, zakudya. Nthawi zina zimatenga zaka zingapo kusankha mitundu yoyenera kwambiri mdera linalake.
Izi zimachitika kuti mbatata yabwino, chokoma komanso chopatsa thanzi m'munda wina siziwonetsa momwe imalembedwera.
Mwina kwa iye dothi ndilopakata kwambiri, komanso, lopatsa thanzi. Kapenanso zamitundu mitunduyo sizilekerera chinyezi, ndipo malowo ndi otsika, osalala. Ndikofunika kutsatira malamulo a kasinthidwe kazomera ndikuwunika kuyera kwa mbeu. Osati pachabe kuti obereketsa chaka chilichonse amatulutsa mitundu yatsopano ya mbatata.
Pafupifupi mitundu 300 ya mbatata yololera kwambiri nthawi zambiri imabzalidwa m'magawo osiyanasiyana.
Makhalidwe a mbatata
Mitundu ya mbatata imasiyana mu kukhwima: koyambirira, pakati komanso mochedwa kupsa.
Mitundu yoyambira ya mbatata, kuyambira pakati pa chilimwe, imapereka zipatso zodzaza pakati penipeni. Asanabzala, nthangala zimapangidwa kuti zikhale ndi masamba obiriwira ndikabzala pamalo otentha ndikatentha bwino (mpaka +12 ° C), ndipo kutentha kwatsiku ndi tsiku kumakhala +15 ° C.
Mphukira zimawonekera patatha masiku 14 mutabzala, ndipo ma tubers oyambilira ena atha kukolola kale pa masiku 40-45. Mbatata zoterezi zimakwanitsa kufalikira mwaukadaulo musanagone, chifunga ndi mame. Chifukwa chake, sichitha kutenga kachilombo ka mochedwa komanso matenda oyamba ndi fungus.
Zomwe zimachitika ndikuti sizoyenera kunama nthawi yayitali, zimayenera kudyedwa nthawi yomweyo mutakumba.
Mutha kudziwa kukonzekera kwa tubers mwa mawonekedwe a chitsamba. Masamba atasanduka chikasu ndikuyamba kupindika, zimayambira zinali zopanda kanthu, kugona pansi ndikuuma, ndiye kuti mbewuyo idayima, mbatata zimacha. Kukhazikika kwake pansi sikungakulitse moyo wa alumali.
Akangotsalira pansi, mbatata za mbewu yatsopano zimayamba kumera. Chifukwa chake, kusonkhanitsa kwake, monga kutengera, kuyenera kuchitidwa pa nthawi.
Ngati tubers yakula mpaka kukula kwa masentimita 3-6, mbatata ndi yoyenera kuphika.
Kukoma kwa mbatata kumaweruzidwa ndi momwe zimadziwidwira ndi kuwaza, kuphika, kutumiza. Choyenera kwambiri ndikuti sichimasiyana kotheratu, koma chimaphika mwachangu mpaka zofewa, pang'ono pang'onopang'ono kamapangidwe. Osapambana omwe ali ndimadzi amtundu wa "soapy".
Yophika bwino komanso yokhuthala, yoyenera mbatata yosenda, ndi mnofu wakuda - sopo komanso wokazinga. Universal, mwachitsanzo, ndi Picasso. Zipatso zake ndizosalala, zopyapyala. Ndikosavuta kusamba komanso kuyeretsa. Mwangwiro ngakhale mawonekedwe ake amapangitsa kuti kudya kwa mbatata wamba yophika kukhala kokongola.
Mitundu ya mbatata yotchuka ya dera la Moscow komanso pakati Russia
Mzere wapakati wa Russia umadziwika ndi nyengo yam'mayiko ndipo imachulukana ndi mpweya, dothi limadziwika ndi chinyezi chachikulu. Kusintha kwanyengo kwakanthaŵi sikumvekera. Palibe kutentha kokwezeka, kuuma komanso kutentha kwa nthawi yayitali.
Kutentha kwatsiku ndi tsiku mu nyengo yotentha kumachokera ku + 17 ... +23 ° C. Mvula yovomerezeka ndi 500-750 mm pachaka. Palibe mvula yotalikilapo, mvula yambiri.
Munda wamundawu umatha kuyambira Meyi mpaka Seputembara. Kutalika kwa maola masana ndikuchokera maola 14.5 mpaka 17.5. Kuchuluka kwa minda - podzolic ndi peatlands. Nyengo ndi yabwino kulima mbatata. Maderowa amakhala ndi nyengo yotentha yodzaza ndi mvula, yotentha yopanda kutentha komanso chisanu koyambirira.
Mitundu yoyenera ndi magawo oterewa imadulidwa, ndikukhwima kwakanthawi, kosagwirizana ndi kuzizira ndi matenda, osaganizira kutentha ndi tsiku ndi nyengo, olekerera chinyezi chachikulu komanso chilala.
Zotchuka zimaganiziridwa: Nevsky, Lugovsky, Zhukovsky, Romano, Aurora, Latona, Bela Rosa, Sineglazka, Luck ndi ena.
Ndikofunikira kuti mofananirananso ndi dothi lililonse, kuti limasungidwa bwino, silimapereka matulukidwe ndipo limayenda bwino kuphika, kuyika, ndi zina. Monga lamulo, zokolola zoyambirira zidzakhala zotsika, pafupifupi - pambuyo pake, zapamwamba kwambiri - mitundu yosiyanasiyana yakucha.
Mitundu yabwino kwambiri ya mbatata yapakati pa Russia imakhala ndi zokolola 200-300 komanso mpaka 600 kg pa mamilimita lalikulu. Kusiyana kwawo kuli mu nthawi yofesa ndi kucha, kufanana kapena kukana matenda osiyanasiyana, kulawa, moyo wa alumali, kosungira, kukula ndi mtundu wa tubers.
Zotuta Zakale Zosiyanasiyana
| Gulu | Masiku okucha (masiku) | Tuber | Mawonekedwe | Zokolola (kg pa mita lalikulu) | |
| Adretta | 60-80 | 60-80 g - kulemera kwa chilichonse. Khungu lakhungu lakuda, mnofu wa mtundu womwewo. | Ogonjetsedwa ndi chisanu, amapereka zokolola zabwino ngakhale kuzizira ndi mvula. | 450 | |
| Idaho | kuchokera 50 | Beige, wozungulira, wowoneka bwino. | Muli mafuta ambiri ndi wowuma, okhala ndi kukoma kwabwino kwambiri. | 500 | |
| Bela Rosa | kuchokera 40 | Chachikulu, chowulungika, chapinki, cholemera mpaka 500g. Chipinda chodyera, chokoma. | Amakonzekeretsa nthaka yovunda. M'madera otentha okhala ndi chilimwe chambiri, mbewu ziwiri zimakololedwa. | 350 | |
| Vyatka | 50-60 | Mawonekedwe oyera oyera, mpaka 140 g. | Pewani kuvulala kwambiri komanso matenda ena. Zokolola, thonje. | 400 | |
| Gala | 75 | Kuzungulira, ochepa, khungu ndi thupi ndi chikaso chowala. | Mitundu yamajeremani, ili ndi wowuma pang'ono komanso carotene yambiri. Ntchito zakudya zakudya, kukoma kwambiri. | ||
| Zhukovsky | 55-60 | Chachikulu, choyera mkati, sichichita khungu mutadula. | Yoyenerera mayendedwe, osungidwa bwino, osaganizira kuwonongeka ndi matenda. | 450 | |
| Latona | 45-75 | Chachikulu, chachikaso chopepuka mkati. | Sichitha kutenga matenda, kugonjetsedwa ndi nyengo, imasungidwa bwino ndikuyenda. | 350 | |
| Tsitsi lofiira | 60 | Wapinki-wofiirira, mawonekedwewo ndi chowongoka. Mpaka zipatso 15 pa thengo, mnofu wowonda | Chilala chololera, chokoma. | 350 | |
Mitundu Yotchuka Ya Mid-Season ya Midland
| Gulu | Masiku okucha (masiku) | Tuber | Mawonekedwe | Zokolola (kg pa mita lalikulu) |
| Mwamuna wa gingerbread | 90-100 | Kuzungulira, kopanda mabowo komanso maso akulu, khungu limakhala loyipa. Mkati mwake muli dzuwa. | Osalimbana ndi louma, koma ali ndi nematode. Zokhala pamakalasi a tebulo. | mpaka 250 |
| Nevsky | 75-90 | Oval, wokhala ndi zonona zabwino, zokoma. Ma tubers 15 amakula pachitsamba. | Osankhika, omwe amakula pena paliponse, mulimonsemo, sangatenge mabakiteriya, oletsa chilala. | 350 |
| Gawani | 75-100 | Beige yowala, nthawi zina bulauni, yayikulu, kulemera - 400 g. | Osakonda matenda, maphikidwe abwino, ophwanya pakuphika. | 390 |
| Sante | 70-90 | Khungu lagolide ndi pakati. Kukoma kosangalatsa, kosungidwa kwanthawi yayitali. | Wochokera ku Holland, pafupifupi samadwala. Palibe feteleza ofunikira. | 300-600 |
| Pace | 90-100 | Lalikulu, lathyathyathya, okhuthara. Gome, lomwe limagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga wowuma. | Wachilengedwe chonse, wolimba, wokonda chinyezi. Imasungidwa bwino mpaka kumapeto kwa chilimwe, kulolerana ndi choipitsitsa. | 350-460 |
| Tuleevsky | 80 | Khungu ndi pakati ndi zachikaso, osati madzi, kulemera kwa 200-300 g. | Wophatikiza wosankhidwa wa Canada ndi Russia. Kukula mu Russia monse | 180-300 |
| Zabwino zonse | 90 | Kukula kwapakatikati, peel yopyapyala, yoyera, yophweka m'chigawo. | Osankhika, opatsa thanzi kwambiri, amafunikira chisamaliro chokhazikika. | mpaka 950 |
| Fambo | 80 | Mtundu wamchenga, wowumbika, wowonda mosalala. Mkati ndi beige, ndi kukoma kwabwino. | Ndi oyenera dothi lililonse komanso nyengo yabwino, yolimba yolimbana ndi matenda. | mpaka 450 |
Mitundu Yabwino Kwambiri Ya Mbatata ku Middle Strip
| Gulu | Masiku okucha (masiku) | Tuber | Mawonekedwe | Zokolola (kg pa mita lalikulu) |
| Dauphine | 110-120 | Chachikulu. masekeli 300 g.20 zidutswa pachitsamba. Sizimataya zamalonda mpaka miyezi 9. | Picky, osalowerera mokhudzana ndi matenda, osinthidwa m'malo opanda chinyezi. | 250 |
| Zhuravinka | 100-115 | Kuzungulira, kofiira, kakulidwe kakang'ono, kokoma. | Osamva chilala, osadzikuza. | 520 |
| Zarnitsa | 130 | Oval, pinki, thupi chikasu. | Kutalika kumakhala kosungirako, chokoma. | 520 |
| Kiwi | 125 | Peel ndi wandiweyani, woyipa, ngati kiwi. Mkati mwake ndi zoyera. Ndiwotheka kuwira “mu yunifolomu” - singasokonekere, kusasweka, kutsukidwa bwino. | Chimakula pamadothi osiyanasiyana, chokonzekera nyengo zosiyanasiyana. Kuphatikiza pa nthenda zofala, sizikhudzidwa ndi kachilomboka ka mbatata ya Colorado ndi waya. | 400 |
| Kupambana | 115-120 | Golide wozungulira, wokhala ndi thupi loyera. Kuchepetsa zonenepa. | Osankhika, amamva kutentha ndi chilala pang'ono. | mpaka 320 |
| Picasso | 110-130 | Wapinki-oyera-achikasu, 100-150 g. | Kuteteza kwabwino, kulawa kwabwino. | 200 |
Mitundu yabwino kwambiri ya mbatata yam'madera osiyanasiyana
Dera la Russia ndi lalikulu m'dera lake. Mwachilengedwe, nyengo ndi nthaka m'malo osiyanasiyana ndizosiyana. Chifukwa chake, mdera lililonse, mbatata zamitundu yosiyanasiyana zimasankhidwa.
Kwa ma Urals
Mitundu yabwino kwambiri ya mbatata ku Urals iyenera kukhala yosatetezeka kwambiri pakusintha kwatsiku ndi tsiku, kutentha kosagwirizana, chisanu chosayembekezereka, ndi matenda apadera.
Mitundu yotereyi imawerengedwa kuti Lugovskaya, Bashkir, Bullfinch, Zotsatira.
Ku Siberia
Ku Siberia, nyengo zantchito, chisanu chimatha kugunda ngakhale kumapeto kwa chilimwe, chilimwe sichikhala ndi nthawi yochepa, ndipo kumadzaza mvula.
Mitundu yabwino kwambiri ya mbatata ku Siberia ndi Toleevsky, Nevsky, Luck, Adretta, etc.
Kwa Middle Volga
Kudera la Volga, nyengo simakhazikika, nyengo yotentha yopanda chisanu imangokhala masiku 150 zokha. Mphepo yamphamvu ndi chinyezi chochepa ndizodziwika.
Mitundu yabwino kwambiri ya mbatata m'dera la Volga ndi yolekerera chilala, iyenera kucha pang'ono. Mwachitsanzo, Zhukovsky koyambirira, Volzhanin, Luck, Rocco, etc.
Anthu okhala ndi nthawi yotentha amalima mitundu itatu kapena itatu nthawi imodzi pakati pa Russia. Oyambirira - kudya ana mbatata. Zotsalazo zimasiyidwa kusungidwa.
Kusankha nthawi zambiri kumachitika mopatsa chidwi. Popeza mitundu yosiyanasiyana m'malo osiyanasiyana imatha kubzala mbewu zosiyanasiyana.
Kuphatikiza apo, ziyenera kukumbukiridwa kuti pakuweta ku Dutch, zinthu zakuthupi zimafunikira kusinthidwa zaka zitatu zilizonse, chifukwa zimataya katundu wake wamtengo wapatali.
Mbatata ya obereketsa aku Russia ochokera kumayiko omwe kale anali USSR amayenera kukonzanso pang'ono.
