Nkhuka zambiri - ndi zitsamba za pachaka za banja la Dzungu. Zikuwoneka mu chikhalidwe zaka 6,000 zapitazo, India imaonedwa ngati malo obadwira. Mu ulimi wamakono wamakono, pali njira zingapo zowonjezera nkhaka: pa matepi, mu mbiya, pansi pa filimu, mu matumba ndi matumba, ndikugwiritsa ntchito hydroponics, yomwe tsopano ili yowonongeka. Hydroponics imakuthandizani kuti muzitha kumera zomera m'malo opanga popanda nthaka, zomwe zimawapatsa mwayi wodyetsa mizu mu mpweya wozizira, wouma, wouma, malo owononga madzi
Mukudziwa? Chimodzi mwa Zisanu ndi Zisanu Zodabwitsa za Dziko - Malo Okhalitsa a Babulo - anamangidwa pogwiritsa ntchito hydroponics.
Nkhaka mu hydroponics: kukula
Mankhwala a hydropics kwa nkhaka ndi manja anu omwe adzalandiridwa bwino kwambiri mu chuma ngati mukufuna kuti mutenge mwamsanga zamasamba. Nkhaka ndi kukwera, choncho muzitsulo za hydroponicum ndi bwino kuzifesa pakhoma la pallet, ndipo pambuyo pake mphukira ikuwoneka, yikangireni pamakonzedwe ake pambali. Njirayi idzawathandiza alimi amene akufuna njira yakukula mwamsanga nkhaka. Kusungidwa koteroko kwa nkhaka sikungasokoneze zomera zina, zomwe zikhoza kukhala pamtundu uwu, ndikumanga nkhaka potsiriza zimabweretsa zipatso zabwino kwambiri. Kukula kwakukulu kwa nkhaka kumathandiza kuunika tsiku mpaka maola 14.
Mukudziwa? William F. Gericke, yemwe ndi katswiri wa tizilombo wa ku America, analongosola ndi kutsimikizira mfundo ya hydroponics, kupereka masamba atsopano ku United States pa nthawi ya nkhondo yachiwiri ya padziko lonse.
Makasamba osiyanasiyana pofuna kukula mu hydroponics
Kuti akule nkhaka mu hydroponics ndi manja awo, F1 Liliput mitundu idzachita. Izi zoyambirira (kuchokera kumera mpaka fruiting zimatenga masiku 40-42), mtundu wosakanizidwa wa mtundu wa mkazi wa maluwa umagonjetsedwa ndi matenda ndi mavairasi. Nthaka yoyenera kapena gawo lakutentha kwa mbewu kumera ndi 25-30 ° C. Mtundu uwu umapereka zokolola za makilogalamu 10-11 pa mita imodzi. m. Komanso ang'onoang'ono nkhaka parthenocarpik ya kupirira; Mtundu wa parthenocarpic wolekerera wa mthunzi F1 MediaRZ wautali wautali, komanso mbali zosiyana za parthenocarpic Zozulya. Komanso otchuka ndi European, Long English, Almaty 1, Marfinsky. 
Chimene mukufunikira kuti mukule nkhaka mu hydroponics
Nkhaka akhoza kuvutika ndi maonekedwe a nkhungu, komanso kuwonongeka kwa zimayambira. Kutalika kochepa pakati pa zomera kungayambitse matendawa, kotero ngati mukufuna kukula nkhaka pa khonde, hydroponics ikutsatirani bwino. Mukamaika miphika, chidebe chilichonse chiyenera kupatsidwa pafupifupi 2.5 mamita mita. m, ndipo mu thanki ayenera kukhala mbande ziwiri.
Kuunikira n'kofunikanso kwambiri kumera nkhaka. Kuonjezera zotsatira za kuyatsa kumathandiza kutentha kwa carbon dioxide mlengalenga. Njira yothetsera bwino idzapulumutsa nthawi yambiri ndi khama la mwiniwake. Yankho la hydroponic solution: calcium - 1 g, sodium - 0.25 g, magnesium sulphate - 0.25 g, potassium sulphate - 0, 25 g, zinc - 0,75 g, mkuwa - 0.25 g, yabwino acidity mu yankho - kuyambira 5.5 mpaka 6.0, ndipo EU indicator - 2.2-2.7 mS.
Ndikofunikira! Kuperewera kwa zinthu zothandiza kumabweretsa mfundo yakuti pali masamba ambiri pa zomera, koma zipatso zochepa.
Katswiri wamakono okula nkhaka pogwiritsa ntchito hydroponics
Hydroponics imathandiza m'nyumba kuti ikule nkhaka, mofanana ndi zomwe zinakula m'munda. Ndikofunika kuti muzitsatira mwatsatanetsatane zipangizo zamakono.
Kufesa mbewu mu makaseti
Choyamba, zipika za nkhumba zimaphatikizidwa ndi njira yothetsera michere, ndiye mbewu ya nkhaka imayikidwa pakati pa nkhumba iliyonse. Hydroponics imaphatikizapo zakudya zambiri muzothetsera vutoli, zomwe zidzakuthandizira kubzala mbewu mkati. Powder vermiculite idzakuthandizani kukhazikitsa malo abwino kwambiri a dothi. Mutabzala makasitomalawo ali ndi filimu ya pulasitiki, yomwe imachotsedwa patatha masiku atatu. Kutentha kumene kumayenera kutsatiridwa ndi 23-25 ° C. 
Kubzala mmera kumamera
Mazira, monga makaseti, amatha kuchiritsidwa ndi njira yothetsera (momwe angapangire yankho la hydroponic, lafotokozedwa kale mu nkhaniyi), pambuyo pake ziphuphu za masiku asanu ndi ziwiri zikhoza kusamutsidwa kumeneko. Muyenera kutenga mmera ndi chingwe ndikuwutumiza ku cube, kuchepetsa kutentha ndi digiri imodzi. Mtunda wochulukirapo pakati pa cubes umathandizira kukula kwa zomera. Kulima mbande muzochitika izi ndi 1.5 miyezi. 
Kukayika nkhaka mbande mu matsulo
Musanadzalemo nkhaka kunyumba, makina ayenera kuthiridwa ndi njira yothetsera vutoli, pangani tizibowo ting'onoting'ono ting'onoting'ono tomwe timagwiritsa ntchito. Iyenera kuchitidwa kutentha kwa + 22-25 ° C. Kumayambiriro kwa maluwa, mmerawo umakhala tsinde, ndipo padzakhala kofunika kuchotsa maluwa onse ku tsamba lachisanu. Kumera kwa mizu mu chikwama chiyenera kuchitika pa kutentha kwa 21-22 ° C. 
Mbali yosamalira nkhaka
Ngati potsiriza tinaganiza kuti tikule nkhaka kunyumba, tifunika kuwasamalira bwino. Musanapangidwe chipatso choyamba muyenera kuchotsa tsinde nthawi zonse. Pamene chiwerengero cha nkhaka chikuchulukira, ndiyenera kulamulira kusintha kuchokera ku zomera mpaka kukula. Nkhaka ziyenera kusamalidwa bwino, kuyambira ulimi wothirira kuchokera ku droppers maola awiri kutuluka dzuwa, ndi kutha maola awiri dzuwa lisanalowe, motero kupewa kupewa kusintha kwa chipatso. Kutentha kwa izi sikuyenera kudutsa + 19-22 ° C, ndipo pa masiku a dzuwa - +24 ° C. Ndikofunika kutsekemera wowonjezera kutentha, pamene kumakhala chinyezi cha 70-80%, chomwe chingapewe powdery mildew ndi botrytis. 
Ndikofunikira! Ngati simungathe kupereka zowunikira nthawi zonse, muyenera kugwiritsa ntchito nyali zopangira - monga DNAT ndi LED.
Ubwino ndi kuipa kokhala nkhaka pogwiritsa ntchito hydroponics
Ngati mwakula kale nkhaka mu hydroponics kunyumba, muyenera kudziwa zotsatira zake. Ubwino wa kulima umaphatikizapo mfundo yakuti wokhayokha akhoza kulamulira kudyetsa zomera, chifukwa zinthu zomwe amadza nazo ndi madzi okha zimalowa muzu wa mizu, komanso, amatha kupeza mizu ndipo amatha kuyang'anitsitsa chikhalidwe chawo, kuyang'ana mlingo wa mpweya wabwino (muyenera kukumbukira momwe mungakonzekeretse njira yowonjezeramo zakudya za hydroponic).
Chomeracho chimanyamula madzi onse ofunikira kuti akhalebe ndi ubwino wabwino popanda kusiya mu nthaka. Motero, imapulumutsa madzi komanso zakudya. Nkhaka zimakula bwino ndipo sizimadwala, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti kufunika kwa mankhwala ophera tizilombo kumachepa, zimakhala zomveka, zazikulu, ndi khalidwe lake likuwonjezeka. Mbewu imapeza malo abwino kwambiri kuti agwiritse ntchito zamoyo zake. Mankhwalawa amachititsa kuchuluka kwa zamoyo zam'madzi. 
Komabe, pali zovuta ku njirayi, ndipo musanachite hydroponics nokha, zifukwa zingapo muyenera kuziganizira. Nkhaka imadalira kwathunthu, ndipo kukula kwake kumawoneka kokha ndi chisamaliro choyenera.e, popanda kusokoneza chiwerengero cha zinthu zakuthupi ndi zachilengedwe m'nthaka, zomwe zingabwere kuchokera ku zakudya zopatsa thanzi kapena pH kwambiri. Chinthu chofunikira ndikuteteza nthawi zonse kutentha kwa chigawo cha mizu mkati mwa +22 ° C, chifukwa kutentha kwakukulu kumayambitsa kufa kwa mizu, choncho chifukwa cha zomera. Zomwe-hydropyics zimapulumutsa nthawi ndikukula nkhaka, koma ndi okwera mtengo kwambiri ndipo osati mwiniwake aliyense angakwanitse. Komanso, madontho ambiri a hydroponics chifukwa chosakhala achilendo chifukwa cha mapaipi apulasitiki ndi salt amchere.
Choncho, njira yakukula mu hydroponics ndi yotchuka ndipo ili ndi ubwino wambiri pa njira zina, ndipo imakhalanso ndi zovuta ndi zoyesayesa panthawi yosamalira.
