Mafani enieni a mabedi a maluwa amafuna zomera zokongola kuti zisangalale nazo ngakhale m'nyengo yozizira. Mphatso yeniyeni ya olima amaluwawa ndi chomera. hellebore, zomwe zingasangalatse ndi maluwa ake ngakhale mu November komanso kumayambiriro kwa mwezi wa April. Za hellebore, mitundu yake ndi mitundu, werengani.
Black Hellebore (Helleborus niger)
Ichi ndi chofala kwambiri komanso chotchuka mu fomu yopanga maonekedwe a hellebore. M'chilengedwe, nthawi zambiri amapezeka m'madera akum'mwera kwa Germany komanso ku Balkan Peninsula, yomwe imakula makamaka pamapiri. Black hellebore ndi chitsamba chosatha chomwe chimatha kutambasula mpaka masentimita 30. Amadziwika ndi maluwa akuluakulu omwe amapita kumtunda, omwe amatha kufika masentimita 8. Amapangidwa pamtunda wamtali wamtali (60 cm) ndipo amadziwika ndi mtundu wa mitundu iwiri - chipale chofewa maluwa ndi kuwala kofiira panja.
Kuphulika kwa mabulosi akuda amayamba kumayambiriro kwa mwezi wa April, pamene zomera zina zimangoyamba kukhala ndi moyo. Amatha pafupifupi masabata awiri. Masamba a chomera ndiwo mdima wandiweyani, wobiriwira, osagwa m'nyengo yozizira. Mwa njira, yozizira yolimba yafriji iyi ndi yayikulu kwambiri - imalekerera mosavuta kutentha kwa madigiri -35 ° C. Mitunduyi ili ndi subspecies - nigercors ndi nigristern.
Komanso mu zokongoletsera floriculture, mitundu yambiri yakuda hellobore ndi yofala kwambiri:
- "Gudumu la woumba"Zilombo zamitundu yosiyanasiyana, zomwe zimapanga maluwa akuluakulu omwe akhoza kufika mamita 12 cm.
- "HGC Joshua"Ndizowerengeka za mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mabulosi akuda, omwe amamera maluwa mu November.
- "Praecox"Zina zosiyanasiyana za hellebore, zikufalikira mu November.
Ndikofunikira! Mitundu yonse ya hellebore ili ndi poizoni, ngakhale kuti rhizomes yawo imagwiritsidwa ntchito mankhwala achipatala. Pachifukwa ichi, kugwiritsa ntchito hellebore kumangotenga malangizo a madokotala komanso kuganizira malamulo onse okonzekera mankhwala opangira mankhwala. Anthu omwe akudwala matenda a mtima ndi chiwindi, mankhwala a hellebore akutsutsana.
Chipewa cha ku Caucasus (Helleborus caucasicus)
Kuchokera pa dzina la hellebore izi zimatsimikizirika kuti ndizofala kwambiri ku Caucasus, ngakhale kuti si zachilendo m'mapiri a Greece ndi Turkey. Chipewa cha Caucasian chimasiyana ndi nthawi yaitali yamaluwa - kuyambira kumapeto kwa April mpaka pakati pa June. Maluwa amapangidwanso pamwamba pa peduncles kuyambira 20 mpaka 50 masentimita, komabe, mosiyana ndi mdima wakuda wa hello, ku Caucasus akugwa.
Dera lililonse la maluwa limatha kufika masentimita 8, mtunduwo ndi woyera ndi mthunzi wobiriwira kapena wachikasu. Masamba a chomerawo amakhala obiriwira, minofu ndi yaitali - pafupifupi masentimita 15. Amaperekedwanso kuyamika kwa petiole oblong. Masamba ndi zimayambira kulekerera ngakhale madontho otsika kwambiri. Mitundu ya mtundu wa Caucasus yowopsa kwambiri ndi imodzi mwa poizoni kwambiri, ndipo mwina, chifukwa chaichi, sichitha kufika paminda yamaluwa ndi mabedi.
Moroznik Abkhaz (Helleborus abchasicus)
Nkhalango ya Abkhaz ndi mitundu yambiri ya zomera, popeza ngakhale masamba ake opanda masamba sangakhale ndi mtundu wobiriwira wonyezimira, komanso amtundu wobiriwira. Kuonjezera apo, panthawi ya maluwa, peduncle yofiira imakhala yofiira masentimita 40 amapanga maluwa akuluakulu a mdima wofiira (nthawi zina zimakhalapo maluwa). Dera lililonse la maluwa liri pafupi masentimita 8, ndipo nyengo ya maluwa imakhala kuyambira kumayambiriro kwa mwezi wa April ndi pafupi mpaka kumapeto kwa May. Ali ndi kukana kwachisanu chabwino.
Mukudziwa? Ku Germany, wotchuka kwambiri ndi hellebore mu mphika, umene nthawi zambiri umaperekedwa ngati Khirisimasi. Nthano imagwirizananso ndi chomera ichi, malinga ndi chimene chinali hellebore chimene chinapereka limodzi mwazidule kwa mwana Yesu pofuna kulemekeza kubadwa kwake. Pankhaniyi, duwa ili ndi dzina lina - "Rozi la Khristu".
Eastern Hellebore (Helleborus orientalis)
Dziko lakum'mawa kwa hellebore si Caucasus yekha, komanso Girisi, komanso ngakhale Turkey. Mitundu imeneyi imakhalanso pakati pa osatha. Imamera mpaka masentimita 30 mu msinkhu, imakondweretsa ndi sing'anga-kakulidwe maluwa - mpaka 5 masentimita awiri. Mtundu wa maluwa ndi wokondweretsa kwambiri - wofiirira. Masamba a kum'mawa kwa hellebore ali ndi kukula kwapakatikati, mawonekedwe a minofu ndi mtundu wobiriwira. Komabe, vuto lalikulu la mitundu imeneyi limagwirizanitsidwa ndi masamba - nthawi zambiri amakhudzidwa ndi bowa, chifukwa chomera chimataya chidwi chake.
Mu floriculture pali mitundu yambiri ya Eastern hellebore, pakati pawo yomwe otchuka kwambiri ndi:
- "White swan"Bokosi la kummawa la kummawa ndi maluwa ang'onoang'ono oyera.
- "Rock'n'roll"Palinso maluwa okongola, omwe ali ndi madontho ofiira-pinki, omwe ndi kusiyana kwakukulu kwa mitundu yosiyanasiyana.
- "Anemone ya buluu"Bokosi lakum'mawa lakummawa lomwe lili ndi maluwa okongola.
- "Mndandanda wa Lady"Izi ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya hellobole ya Kum'maŵa, yomwe imakhala ndi udzu wobiriwira womwe umatha kufika mamita 40. Pakati pa maluwa, maluŵa amaluwa asanu ndi limodzi amapanga kamodzi pa tchire.
Halebore yonyezimira (Helleborus foetidus)
Mitundu ya hellebore imapezeka m'tchire kokha kumadzulo kwa Ulaya, kumene imapezeka pamatope, otsetsereka bwino. Hellebore yofiira imasiyana ndi masamba ambirimbiri a masamba, omwe amadziwika ndi kukhalapo kwa zigawo zochepa zonyezimira, zojambula mumdima wobiriwira. Masamba pa chomera pamwamba. Pakati pa maluwa pamtunda wotchedwa hellebore mpaka masentimita 30 mu msinkhu, phokoso lapamwamba limapangidwa mpaka masentimita 80. The peduncle ili pafupi kwambiri ndi yokutidwa ndi inflorescences yomwe ili ndi maluwa ambiri. Mosiyana ndi mitundu ina yonse, maluwa okongola a hellebore ndi ofooka kwambiri, ali ndi mawonekedwe ofanana ndi belu. Mtundu wawo uli wosangalatsa - wobiriwira wokhala ndi mbali zofiira. Kuwonjezera pa kukana kwabwino kutentha, mtundu uwu umapiriranso chilala cholimba.
Mu floriculture, timagwiritsa ntchito mitundu imodzi yokongola ya hellebore yotchedwa "Wester amakondwera"Zimasiyana ndi mtsogoleri wamkulu wa zamoyo ndi zigawo zochepa kwambiri m'magulu ndi masamba ofiirira a nthambi ndi masamba. Kununkhira kwa maluwa sikusangalatsa kwambiri.
Ndikofunikira! Njira ya mmera imapangidwira kubzala hellebore, kuyambira pakufesa mbewu kuchokera ku mbewu, maluwa oyambirira amatha kuwonedwa kokha chaka chachitatu cha nyengo yokula. Koma mtundu wa hellebore smelly umatha kuchulukana ndi kubzala.
Frost Corsican (Helleborus argutifolius)
Malo a mtundu uwu wa hellebore ndizilumba za Mediterranean za Corsica ndi Sardinia. Corsican hellebore ndi umodzi mwautali kwambiri - mtundu wake umatha kutambasula mpaka masentimita 75. Pakukula, zimangokhala zochepa zokha zimapangidwa kuchokera muzu umodzi, womwe umayamba kuwonjezeka kwambiri. Pakati pa maluwa panthaka yaing'ono maluwa akuphulika amapangidwa, okwanira kwambiri ndi mapepala obiriwira ndi maluwa.
Maonekedwe a maluwawo akuphimbidwa, ndipo mtundu ndi wobiriwira wobiriwira. Pachilumba cha Corsica, maluwa a mtundu wa hellebore amayamba mu February, pamene nyengo yathu ikukula nyengoyi ikuyamba kumayambiriro kwa mwezi wa April. Corsican hellebore sichisiyanitsa ndi kukoma kwa chisanu chabwino, choncho tikulimbikitsidwa kuziphimba ndi utuchi ndi utukuta m'nyengo yozizira. Mmodzi mwa mitundu yotchuka kwambiri ya mitundu imeneyi ndi mitundu "Grunspecht"Palinso mbewu yaikulu, yomwe mu April inflorescences ya mtundu wobiriwira wofiira amapangidwa.
Mbalame Yofiira (Helleborus purpurascens)
Mbalame yotchedwa Reddish hellebore imapezeka ngakhale ku Ukraine, chifukwa ndi imodzi mwa oimira zomera za Carpathian. Chomerachi chikugawidwa ku Hungary ndi ku Romania.
Mbali zosiyana za mtundu wa hellebore ndi:
- masamba aakulu pa petioles yaitali, omwe nthawi imodzi amakhala ndi maonekedwe a palmar, komanso amasiyana mosiyana ndi mtundu wa masamba awiri - tsamba loyamba ndi lobiriwira, lopanda kanthu ndi lowala, ndipo pansi pamakhala ndi imvi;
- Maluwa ofiira a hellebore akugwedezeka, amajambula kunja kwa anther mu violet-mtundu wofiirira, ndi kuchokera mkati - mu mtundu wobiriwira; Patapita nthawi, maluwawo ndi obiriwira;
- kukula kwake kwa maluwa ndi sing'anga (pafupifupi masentimita 4 m'mimba mwake), koma iwo amasiyanitsidwa ndi fungo lawo losasangalatsa;
- Chimake chimapezeka mu April ndipo chimakhala pafupifupi masabata 4.
Ndikofunikira! Pofuna kusonkhanitsa mbeu za hellebore, pamapangidwe mabokosi maluwa ayenera kumangiriza zikwama za gauze. Kenaka, pakathyola mabotolo, nyemba sizidzagwa pansi, koma zimakhalabe m'thumba, kenako zikhoza kuuma ndikufesedwa. Ndi bwino kubzala hellebore m'nyengo yozizira kuti mbewu yosungidwa zisamayambe kumera.
Wosakanizidwa wosakanizidwa (Helleborus x hybridus)
Mu mitundu yosiyanasiyanayi mitundu yambiri ya hellebore munda hybrids inaphatikizidwa, iliyonse yomwe imaphatikizapo zingapo za pamwambazi zomwe zatchulidwapo kamodzi. Chifukwa chaichi, pakufesa chophimba chosakanizidwa, mukhoza kufika pa malo amodzi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya maluwa, yomwe imakhala yosiyana ndi masentimita 5 mpaka 8.
Odziwika kwambiri mu floriculture mitundu ya wosakanizidwa hellebore ndi:
- "Violetta"Mbalame zotchedwa hellebore zimakhala ndi maluwa oyera omwe amasiyanitsidwa ndi malo okongola kwambiri a fluffy, komanso kukhalapo kwa minofu yofiira kwambiri ya pinki ndi mtundu womwewo malire.
- "Belinda"Icho chimasiyanitsidwa ndi maluwa awiri a mtundu woyera, omwe amakongoletsedwanso ndi mtanda wobiriwira-pinki ndi gawo lokongola pa petal iliyonse.
- "Mfumukazi ya Usiku"Izi zosiyanasiyana zili ndi maluwa a mdima wofiirira, komanso osiyana chikasu stamens.
Mukudziwa? Mitundu yonse ya hellebore imakwana 20, kuphatikizapo florists omwe atchulidwa m'nkhaniyo, mitunduyi imayenerera mitundu yosiyanasiyana ngati mtundu wa hellebore wonyezimira, hellobore onunkhira, hellebore, shrubby hellebore, Stern hellebore.
Hellebore - Ichi ndi chomera chokongola kwambiri ndi maluwa osakhwima mosiyanasiyana. Popeza n'zosavuta kumusamalira, mutha kusankha mosavuta hellebore yanu pakati pa mitundu ndi mitundu yomwe ili pamwambapa ndipo muifotokoze bwino pa bedi lanu la maluwa. Musaiwale za poizoni wa chomera ichi.
