Zipatso za Medlar - mtengo uti, chisamaliro

Medlar ndi mtengo wobiriwira kapena mtengo wosadalira mtundu wake. Chikhalidwechi chakhala chikuganiziridwa kuti ndi chokongoletsa, ndipo chaposachedwa pomwe adapatsidwa udindo wouzidwa zipatso. M'malo osiyanasiyana, ikhoza kupezeka pansi pa dzina lokva, sessex, eriobotria, yemwenso ndi yolondola. Mwachilengedwe, mtengowu umamera m'chigawo cha Southeast Asia, komwe amadziwika ndi aliyense.

Medlar - mtengo uti

Atawona zipatso za mtengowo koyamba, ambiri akudabwa: medlar - Kodi ndi mbewu yanji? Chikhalidwe ichi ndi cha banja la Rosaceae ndipo ndi wachibale wa quince.

Mutha kulima izi kunyumba kapena m'munda

Dziko lakwawo ndi Japan, China ndi India, komwe medlar amakula m'mapiri mumtunda wamtali. Kuchokera pamenepo, mbewuyo idafalikira ku Italy, Australia, Israel, United States komanso kudera lonse la Black Sea. Ndipo nthawi yomweyo mdziko lililonse adapatsidwa dzina lake. Koma ndilo dzina lalikulu la "medlar" - waku Turkey.

Kufotokozera mwachidule momwe zimawonekera

Mmera wobiriwira ndi mtengo, womwe pakakhala nyengo yabwino umakula mpaka mamita 8. Chomera chimadziwika ndi korona wofalikira wokhala ndi mainchesi 3-4 m.

Mizu yazikhalidwe iyi ndi yopanda tanthauzo, yophuka. Nthambi zakutidwa ndi khungwa lakuda. Mphukira zazing'ono poyamba zimakhala ndi tint yofiyira ndipo zimamva kupweteka.

Masamba a medlar ndiopakika lalikulu mawonekedwe, amafika kutalika kwa 30 cm, ndipo m'lifupi mwake masentimita 8. Mbalezo ndi zobiriwira zakuda, zokutira, mawonekedwe ake ndi achikopa, osavuta kugwira, pang'ono pang'onopang'ono pakati pa mitsempha. Pofika m'dzinja, masamba amasintha malalanje ndi tint yofiirira.

Zipatso za medlar zimakhala ndi mawonekedwe amtundu wa peyala kapena wozungulira, kutengera mitundu. Pawiri, amafika masentimita 6-8. Akakhwima, amatembenukira chikasu kapena lalanje. Mkati mwawo aliyense muli mbewu zazikulu kuyambira 1 mpaka 5 ma PC, wokutidwa ndi khungu lofiirira. Pakati pawo pali nyama yowutsa mudyo. Kukoma kwake ndikotsekemera komanso wowawasa ndipo kumafanana ndi peyala, apulo ndi sitiroberi.

Ikakhwima, khungu la zipatso limayamba kuwonda, motero limawonongeka mosavuta. Izi sizimalola kutalika kwakanthawi kwa medlar ndikuyendetsedwa mwatsopano.

Zabwino zipatso chipatso

Medlar, chipatsochi ndi chiani? Zipatso za mtengo wodabwitsawu zimatha kupanga mankhwala mosiyanasiyana. Muli zovuta zonse zamagulu a mavitamini B, A, C, E, K, PP ndi mchere wambiri. Kuphatikiza apo, zipatso zosowa zili ndi:

• organic zidulo;
• shuga
• njira;
• pectins.

Medlar ali osavomerezeka pa mimba ndi mkaka wa m`mawere.

Medlar - chipatso chomwe chimakhudza thupi la munthu. Kuthandizira kwake m'matenda a ziwalo zamasomphenya kumatsimikiziridwa, chifukwa beta-carotene amapezeka pakuphatikizidwa kwa zipatso.

Zina zopindulitsa pa medlar:

• sinthanso magwiridwe antchito;
• amachotsa mchenga ndi miyala ku impso;
• amatsuka thupi la poizoni;
• amalipira kuchepa kwa mavitamini;
• amachepetsa shuga;
• imalepheretsa kukula kwa matenda a mtima, sitiroko;
• amachepetsa mwayi wokhala ndi khansa.

Mitundu yosiyanasiyana yazipatso

Mukazindikira kuti medreyi ndi chiani, muyenera kudziwa mtundu womwe nkhuni zimagwiritsidwa ntchito polima. Chikhalidwe chakumwera ichi ndi cha mitundu itatu, koma awiri okha mwaiwo ndiotchuka. Izi zikuphatikizira medap ya ku Japan, komanso waku Germany kapena Abkhaz. Mitundu yonse iwiriyi ndi yolekerera mthunzi, sikuti pamafunika nthaka kapena kulekerera chilala. Koma pali zosiyana pakati pawo.

Medap ya ku Japan

Mtunda wa ku Japan ndi mtengo wobiriwira mpaka mamita 3-5, koma osakhalapo mpaka mamita 8. Mphukira ndi nthambi za chomerazo ndizakutidwa ndi m'mphepete mofiira. Masamba ndi akulu, osadukiza mawonekedwe, mpaka 25c kutalika ndi kutalika kwa 8. cm. Pamwamba pake pambalezo ndi maluwa obiriwira pang'ono, kumbuyo kwake ndi kutuwa.

Muli mitundu yamitundu yosiyanasiyana iyi, nthawi ya zipatso ndi yosiyana kwambiri ndi mitengo ina yamunda. Zipatso zimayamba kucha kumapeto kwa Meyi - koyambirira kwa June. Maonekedwe ake amatha kukhala owoneka ngati peyala kapena ozungulira. Pa nthambi, zipatso zimasonkhana m'magulu. Kuchuluka kwa iliyonse kumasiyana 20 mpaka 100 g, kukula kwake ndi pafupifupi 7 cm.

Zikhalidwe zamtundu wa Japan zimakonda nyengo yotentha komanso yamiyala. Kutentha kwa -15 madigiri, mbewuyo imafa. Chifukwa chake, mutha kukula medapura wa ku Japan kokha kum'mwera kapena ngati chomera.

Zipatso za medlar yaku Japan zimawoneka ngati ma apricots

Pamaziko a medap ya Japan, mitundu ndi ma hybrids, omwe amadziwika ndi zipatso zapamwamba komanso fungo labwino, apangidwa. Wotchuka kwambiri wa iwo:

• Tanaka;
• Ma Ziyoni;
• Champagne
• Frost;
• Ofiira oyamba;
• Montreal
• Mleme.

Medlar waku Germany

Medell waku Germany nthawi zambiri amatchedwa Abkhazian, Caucasian kapena Crimea. Mtunduwu umawonedwa ngati wokongoletsa, koma wokometsera. Kutalika kwa mtengowo sikupita mamita 3. Chomera sichimasamala kusamalira ndikuwonjezera chisanu. Zipatso zimacha mu Novembala.

Kuti mtengowo uzere kukula, nyengo yachisanu yabwino komanso yotentha siyofunikira. Chifukwa chake, mitundu iyi imatha kudalidwa malo otentha.

Kukoma kwa zipatso mu medrum yaku Germany ndikokoma, koma tart. Chifukwa chake, kuti musinthe, ndikulimbikitsidwa kuchotsa zipatso zozungulira kuchokera mumtengowo pambuyo pa chisanu choyamba kapena kuyika mufiriji kwa masiku angapo.

Kukula medlar kuchokera fupa kunyumba

Popeza mumadziwa bwino za medreyi komanso momwe mbewuyo imawonekera, muyenera kudziwa momwe ingalimire kunyumba.

Kuti muchite izi, mwana wakhanda akakhwima, chotsani mbewuyo ndikuchotseredwa. Chitani izi nthawi yomweyo musanakwere. Kuti tichite izi, ndikofunikira kuphwanya kumbali zosiyanasiyana kukhulupirika kwa chiganamba chakunja ndi sandpaper kapena fayilo. Ndipo tsikirani mafupa kwa maola 35 kulowa mu madzi ofunda.

Pakubzala, muyenera kukonza dothi losakanizika ndi peat, humus, nthaka yotsika ndi mchenga, kutenga zigawo zakezo. Muyenera kukonzanso miphika yokhala ndi mabowo okwanira 15 cm.

Algorithm ya zochita zake pakufika:

1. Ikani dongo lokulitsa pansi pa beseni ndi wosanjikiza wa 1-1,5 cm.
2. Mpumulo wa voliyumuyo umadzazidwa ndi mankhwala osakaniza.
3. Kwezani mafupa mpaka masentimita 1-2 mpaka m'nthaka.
4. Kuwaza ndi nthaka, kusalaza pansi.
5. Valani chidebe ndi zojambulazo ndikuyika malo amdima ndi kutentha kwa 23 ... +25 degrees.

Pukutirani chidebe tsiku ndi tsiku ndikuchotserera. Mbewu za Medlar zimamera pa 25-25. Pakakhala mphukira wochezeka, sinthaninso botolo pamalo owala ndikuchepetsa kutentha mpaka +18 madigiri. Izi zikuthandizira kuchepetsa kukula kwa gawo la mlengalenga ndikuthandizira kukulitsa kwa mizu.

Mbewu zikakhala zolimba pang'ono, zimayenera kuzolowera zinthu zakunja. Kuti muchite izi, ndikofunikira kuti muwayatsegule koyamba kwa mphindi 30, ndipo tsiku lililonse lotsatira kuti muwonjezere nthawi imeneyi ndi ola limodzi 1. Pambuyo pa sabata, mbande zitha kutsegulidwa kwathunthu.

Mukadzala chomera chilichonse kufika masentimita 5, muyenera kuwabzala m'magulu osiyana. Kuti muchite izi, muyenera kukonza muli ndi mainchesi 10cm ndi osakaniza michere yofanana ndi yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito pobzala mbeu. M'tsogolomu, ndikofunikira kuwongolera kuchuluka kwa chinyezi, kupewa kusefukira.

Ndi chisamaliro choyenera, medlar amabala zipatso kunyumba

Momwe mungakulire medlar m'munda

Medlar yaku Germany ndi yoyenera malo otseguka, chifukwa imadziwika ndi kukokana kwa chisanu. Podzala, muyenera kusankha mbande ziwiri kapena zitatu zokhala ndi kutalika kwa masentimita 30 mpaka 40. Mutha kuzigula muzipatala.

Chomera chakum'mwera ichi chimatha kumera pakona iliyonse ya mundawo, popeza ndizolekerera pamthunzi. Kuti tikule bwino bwino, ndikofunikira kusunga mtunda wa 1.5-2 mamita kuchokera ku mbewu zina zazitali. Medlar sikuti akufuna kuti nthaka ikhale ndi nthaka, koma imafunikira mbali ya acidity.

Zambiri zodzala ndi chisamaliro chotsatira

Pakubzala, muyenera kukumba chiwembu pasadakhale ndikupanga humus pamlingo wa 10 kg pa 1 sq. m Pankhaniyi, mizu yonse ya namsongole wosatha imayenera kuchotsedwa mosamala. Kwa medlar, dzenje lotchingira liyenera kukonzedwa ndikuzama ndi kutalika kwa 80 cm.

Ndondomeko

1. Finyirani madzi ndi chisakanizo chopatsa thanzi ndikupanga kukweza pang'ono pakati.
2. Ikani mmera pa iyo, kufalitsa mizu.
3. Finyani ndi nthaka, phatikizani dothi pansi.
4. Madzi okwanira kumera.

Tsiku lotsatira, mulch bwalo loyandikana ndi humus kapena peat, lomwe lithandiza kuti mizu isayime.

Medlar, mosasamala mtundu, safuna chisamaliro chovuta. Ndikokwanira kumunyowetsa dothi ngati dothi lapamwamba limakuma, koma osaloleza chinyezi. Nthawi yomweyo, ndikofunikira kuti chomera sichimapeza chinyezi pakukula maluwa, popeza nthawi yomwe zokolola zam'tsogolo zimatengera.

Mavalidwe apamwamba ayenera kuchitidwa katatu pachaka.

• Nthawi yoyamba kuphukira. Munthawi imeneyi, feteleza wachilengedwe kapena michere wokhala ndi nitrogen yambiri ayenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito.
• Nthawi yachiwiri ndi yachitatu - nthawi yamaluwa ndi zipatso. Pakadali pano, feteleza wa phosphorous-potaziyamu ayenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito.

Zaka ziwiri zilizonse, mphukira za mtengo zimafupikitsidwa ndi 1/3 ya kutalika, zomwe zingathandize kukonza chomera.

Medlar amalekerera chilala mosavuta

Kufalitsa kwa Medlar mwa kudula

Medlar ikhoza kufalitsidwa ndi mbewu ndi kudula. Koma njira yoyamba siyimalola kusunga mitundu ya mitengo ya mayi. Chifukwa chake, njira yazomera imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri.

Zodulidwa, mphukira za chaka chatha ziyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito. Amayenera kudulidwa mzidutswa, chilichonse chimayenera kukhala ndi 2 node. Masamba amawachotsa kwathunthu. Pangani kudula kotsika komanso fumbi ndi wothandizila kuzika mizu.

Kubzala, konzekerani chisakanizo cha mchenga ndi pepala lapansi chofanana voliyumu. Dzazani miphika ndi madzi bwino. Kwezani zodula mu dothi lonyowa kuti likhale loyambirira, phatikizani pamtunda. Sunthani mumphikawo pamalo abwino owira, otentha. Mizu imachitika pambuyo pa masabata a 5-6. Panthawi imeneyi, dothi liyenera kukhala lonyowa pang'ono.

Momwe mungasulire mtengo wachikulire

Ngati ndi kotheka, mutha kuthamangitsa mtengo wina wamkulu wa medap. Kuti muchite izi, uyenera kukumbidwa popanda kuthyola mpira wamizu pamizu. Kenako konzani dzenje lowirikiza kawiri kukula kwake. Ikani chomera pakati, ndipo dzadzani ndi zomerazo ndi dothi labwino. Pamapeto pa njirayi, thirirani mtengo wambiri.

Momwe mtengo umamasulira, matalala komanso gawo logwira

Mmera wofanizira umayamba kutulutsa maluwa kwa zaka zitatu mutabzala m'malo okhazikika. Chikhalidwe chimadzipukutira tokha, kotero mutha kumera mmera imodzi yokha pamalowa.

Maluwa a mbewu iyi ndi kirimu wowoneka bwino. Dawo lawo ndi 2.0-2.5 mm. Masamba akatseguka, fungo lokhazikika labwino limamveka.

Medlar yaku Japan ilibe nthawi yotchulidwa, popeza mbewuyo ili m'gulu la masamba obiriwira nthawi zonse. Ndipo mu gawo la Germany likuyamba, ngati zipatso zonse zam'munda, ndikutuluka kwa masika. Ndipo nthawi yopumula yamtunduwu imatha kuyambira Novembala mpaka Febere.

Maluwa a Medlar ndi akulu kwambiri

Medlar mu mawonekedwe apangidwe

Chikhalidwe ichi chimagwiritsidwa ntchito mochulukitsa malo, chifukwa chimakhala ndi korona wobala. Nthawi zambiri, chomeracho chimabzalidwa mzere, ndikupanga zipatso zam'mphepete mwa msewu kapena mpanda.

Komanso ndikuwoneka bwino ngati mizu yokhala patokha motsutsana ndi udzu wobiriwira.

Mavuto akukula, matenda ndi tizirombo

Malinga ndi malongosoledwe, mbewu yakum'mwera iyi imadziwika ndi kukaniza tizirombo ndi matenda. Koma posagwirizana ndi zomwe zikukula, chitetezo chake chimachepa kwambiri.

Mavuto wamba.

• Masamba owoneka. Chomwe chimapangitsa ndikunyinyirika m'nthaka. Matendawa amapezeka akamakula medlar kunyumba. Zotsatira zake, masamba a mbewu amawuma, kenako amatembenuka chikasu ndikugwa. Mankhwala, ndikofunikira kubza mbewu ndikusintha gawo lapansi.
• Chotchinga. Tizilombo timadyanso msuzi wa mbewu. Mutha kuzipeza pamtengo, pa mphukira ndi kumbuyo kwa masamba. Kuti awonongeke, tikulimbikitsidwa kuthirira mbewuyi kawiri ndikusinthasintha kwa masiku 7 ndi yankho la "Aktara".
• Ma nsabwe. Tizilombo timene timalowerera masamba ndi mphukira za medlar, ndikupanga magulu onse. Amadyetsa madzi a mbewu, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti mbale zisinthe. Kuti awonongeke, akulimbikitsidwa kupopera chisoti ndi Actellic kapena Inta-Vir.
• Sowa soya. Matendawa amapezeka motsutsana ndi kuwonongeka kwa tizirombo tomwe timayambitsa spores. Mutha kuzindikira bowa ndi utoto wakuda pamasamba, womwe umalepheretsa photosynthesis. Chithandizo, ndikofunikira kuchiza chomera ndi Skor, ndipo ngati ndi kotheka ndichotse masamba.

Mutha kupewa kuwonongeka pogwiritsa ntchito mitengo yomwe ingakuthandizeni kupewa. Izi zikhonza kusunga chomera mosavomerezeka.

Masiku ano, anthu wamba ochepa omwe amakhala m'munda wamaluwa, koma chidwi chomera chikukula pang'onopang'ono. Munthawi ya chakudya chochuluka, mabulosi am'mitundu yachilendo amakhala njira yabwino kwambiri yomwe ingadabwitse alendo komanso mabanja awo.