Pofufuza zokongola zokongola zomera m'munda ndi munda ziwembu anthu ambiri amakonda okongola tchire baka. Mmodzi mwa zomerazi ndi molinia, wochepa kwambiri, wonga chitsamba womwe umatha ngati wofanana ndi mkango wa mkango. Moliniya amatha kuwonjezera malo osungiramo malo osungirako nyama kapena paki iliyonse, komanso safunikira kusamala mosamala. M'nkhani ino tidzakambirana mwatsatanetsatane za kukwera ndi malamulo a chisamaliro cha mzere.
Malongosoledwe a zomera
Mtundu wa zomera zimenezi umatchedwa dzina lake Juan Ignacio Molina wa ku Chile ndipo ndi wa banja la tirigu. Ku England, udzu umenewu umatchedwa "udzu wofiira." Zimaphatikizapo mtundu umodzi wa mitundu itatu yokha ya zomera ndi hybridi zingapo. Komabe, pafupifupi mitundu yonse ndi zinyama zili ndi zofanana zofanana, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zosaoneka bwino za mtunduwo.
Mizu ya Molinia imangopeka, koma ikudya zokwanira. Kufalitsa korona, yomwe ili ndi ziwalo zosaoneka bwino komanso zofooka zofiira, zimafika kutalika kwa mamita 0.4-2. Maluwawo amaphuka okha akhoza kufika kutalika kwa mamita 2.5. Mu chitsamba china pali mphukira zambiri kuti pakati pa korona ndizosatheka kupeza malo omasuka.
Ndikofunikira! Moliniya amafunika kupalira nthawi zonse. Udzu wambiri wachitsamba umatulutsa zakudya zochuluka m'nthaka, motero amaletsa udzu wokongoletsera.
Masamba a Molini saphika mphukira, amasonkhanitsa pansi pa chitsamba. Masamba ovuta ndi opapatiza amakhala ndi mtundu wa buluu, omwe nthawi zina amatha kukhala ndi tani kapena kuwala (malingana ndi mtundu wa moline). M'dzinja, mtundu uwu umadziwika ndi kupeza kwa masamba a mtundu wachikasu kapena wofiira.
Chipatso cha mtundu wa udzu wofiira uli ndi mawonekedwe a panicle. M'dera lathu lotentha, nthawi yamaluwa imayamba mkatikati mwa chilimwe ndipo sichitha miyezi iwiri. Mbeu zabwino zimapezeka kumapeto kwa August. Kwa molinia, kukula kochepa kwa chitsamba kumakhalabebe. Izi ndizofunikira kuti mapangidwe a dziko adziwe, monga chomeracho chimakhala ndi makhalidwe ake okongoletsera kwa nthawi yaitali popanda kulumikizana mwachindunji.
Monga mgodi, mbewu zabanjalo zimaphatikizapo nkhanu zachitsamba, udzu wamtsenga, awnless bonfire, turfy pike, chumizu, Chinese miscanthus, udzu wambiri, chakudya, manyuchi, njuchi, timothy udzu, grivasty balere.
Kufalikira
Ambiri amaganiza kuti nthaka imakhala ngati udzu wobiriwira.. Komabe, ingapezedwe m'mphepete mwa mitsinje, m'mapiri ndi m'nkhalango zamvula. Amapezeka ku North America, Europe, Asia. Mmodzi mwa mitundu ya molinia inafalikira ku Japan.
Mitundu yotchuka
Mu kukongoletsa ndi kukongola kwa malo, mizere ikuluikulu ya mzere ndizofunika kwambiri: buluu ndi bango.
Buluu
Mbalame ya buluu imakhalabe mtsogoleri pa mndandanda wa mitundu yobiriwira kwambiri ya zomera za mtundu wamaluwa wamaluwa ndi okongoletsera. Udzu umenewu umasiyanitsidwa ndi masamba osongoka, omwe amapindika, ndipo nsonga zawo zimakhala zolimba kwambiri kuti palimodzi zimafanana ndi singano. Tsamba la tsamba lifika kutalika kwa masentimita 40-50. Mipira yamtengo wapatali, yomwe imakhala ndi zofiira, imapanga kukongola kwachitsamba. Tiyenera kukumbukira kuti mzere wa pemphero wa buluu uli ndi mitundu ingapo:
- Moorhexe;
- Rotschopf;
- Chithunzi;
- Strahlenquelle.
Mukudziwa? Moliniya anatchulidwa pambuyo pa Chilean H.I. Molina. Komabe, chomera ichi sichinapezepo ku gawo la Chile. Abbot ndi wansembe Molina anakakamizika kusamukira ku Italy atachotsa Ajetiiti ochokera ku Chile. Ku Ulaya, adakhala pulofesa ku yunivesite ya Bologna ndipo adafotokoza zomera zina za mtundu uwu.
Olima amaluwa amaluwa nthawi zambiri amatha kutchula mulungu wa buluu Heidebraut (mitundu itatu kuchokera pa mndandanda). Komabe, kuchokera ku lingaliro laling'ono, mawu olakwikawa, chifukwa Hydebraut ndi imodzi mwa tizirombo ta buluu molinia.
Bango
Udzu wamtundu uwu umapezeka kwambiri m'nkhalango zakuda zam'mlengalenga ku Ulaya. Chomera m'zaka ziwiri zoyambirira za moyo mwamsanga chifika pamtunda wa masentimita 70. M'zaka zotsatira, chitsamba chimapanga onse awiri a korona ndi kutalika kwake. Kutsika kwa msinkhu kuchokera pa phazi ndi masentimita 110. Chomera chosatha chimadziwika ndi kupeza mabala a golidi mu autumn.
Ndikofunika kudziwa kuti inflorescences ya mtundu uwu alibe chinthu chokongoletsera, monga chojambula mu mdima wandiweyani kapena wofiira, ndipo panthawi imodzimodziyo ali ndi mawonekedwe a panicle. Komabe, masamba otsika, mosavuta komanso mwachilengedwe akuwombera pansi pa mphamvu ya mphepo, amatha kukwaniritsa bwino maonekedwe okongola.
Pofuna kukongoletsa chiwembu cha munda, tikukulangizani kuti muwerenge momwe mungapangire mixborder, munda wa duwa, mitsinje yamphepo, mtsinje wouma, kasupe, gabions, mathithi, njira zochokera kudula mitengo ndi konkire, komanso munda wamaluwa wa matayala ndi magetsi.
Chitsamba chokongola komanso chokongola chimayang'ana zaka 2-3. Kuyambira tsopano, iye adzasunga kukongola kwake kokongola kwa nthawi yaitali, ngakhale popanda kusamalidwa kwina kulikonse. Mapemphero a bango, komanso buluu, ali ndi subspecies angapo. Chodziwika kwambiri mu kukongoletsa ndi kukongola kwa malo kumakhalabe:
- Staefa;
- Skyracer;
- Chowonetsa;
- Fontane.
Ndikofunikira! Zomwe zinachitikira maluwa amalima ndi okongoletsera amalangiza kubzala zosaposa 3-4 zomera pa 1 mita mita.
Zomera zomalizazi zimakopa okonda maluwa ngati chitsamba, chifukwa zikufanana ndi kasupe wothamanga.
Kugwiritsa ntchito popangidwe
Udzu wokongola uwu ukhoza kukhala wamkulu pafupifupi kulikonse. Chomera chomwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito kawirikawiri:
- monga kutsindika kwa osakaniza;
- mu minda yamphongo;
- kumalo oyang'anapo (ngakhale kuti ndi korona yaikulu komanso yamphamvu, imakhalabe yowonekera bwino kotero kuti kudzera mwa iyo mukhoza kuyang'ana chapakati ndi chiyambi cha malo);
- pafupi ndi malo osungiramo madzi (matabwa, madera a m'mphepete mwa nyanja);
- monga kusakaniza kwa zitsamba ndi mitengo yochepa;
- kumalo amodzi pamtunda, komanso mogwirizana ndi zomera zitsamba;
- m'minda yamaluwa;
- mu ma bouquets owuma (akhoza kulengedwa kuchokera pakati pa chilimwe mpaka kumapeto kwa September).
Kukula pakhomo
Kukongoletsa ndi kukongola kwa mzere kumadalira makamaka kusamalidwa kwake. Nthawi zonse kuthirira, fetereza ndi yoyenera wintering ndi chitsimikizo cha kukongola kwa osatha udzu.
Zomwe amangidwa
Mchere amamera pa dothi lotseguka. Kubzala mu miphika ndizovuta kwambiri. Udzu umenewu ndi woimira nyengo yozizira: umapirira nyengo ya chisanu popanda vuto lililonse, koma nthawi ya chilimwe (makamaka nthawi yotentha popanda mvula yambiri) imafuna kuthirira.
Nthendayi ndi ya zomera zowonda, koma penumbra sizotsutsana ndi chitukuko cha kukongoletsa kokongola. Kutentha kwapamwamba kwa nyengo m'chilimwe kumachokera ku +18 mpaka +25 ° С, m'nyengo yozizira - kutsika kwazitali kutentha, pafupi ndi zero.
Zingakuthandizeni kuti muphunzire zambiri za mitundu yosiyana siyana ndi katundu wa nthaka, machitidwe a fetereza kwa iwo, momwe angadziwire okha kukhala acidity pa nthaka pamtengowu, momwe mungachichepetsere, komanso kuti mudziwe zomwe zimadalira momwe mungapangire chonde.
Nthaka ndi feteleza
Ku nthaka ya mbewuyi sikofunika kwenikweni. Amakonda fertile humus dothi. Ndikofunika kumvetsetsa kuti m'chilengedwe chachitsamba chimakula pamtunda wouma, choncho muyenera kuyandikira kwambiri momwe mungakhalire m'nyumba zokhalamo. Koma acidity wa chiwerengero, molinia amakonda nthaka yochepa, ndi ofooka asidi anachita. 
Mafakitala ovuta amatha kugwiritsidwa ntchito monga feteleza a feteleza. Chomeracho chimayankha bwino kuti feteleza ndi kutupa manyowa, phulusa ndi humus. Masamba, udzu, nthambi zapruce kapena pine zakugwa, miyala yosweka ingagwiritsidwe ntchito ngati mulch.
Kuthirira ndi chinyezi
Mphamvu ya ulimi wothirira idzadalira nthawi ya kukula kwa mzere. Mu theka la nyengoyi, akatswiri amalangiza nthawi zonse kuthirira udzu chitsamba (2-3 pa sabata). Madzi ayenera kuthamanga mpaka akuya masentimita makumi asanu ndi awiri (50 cm). M'nkhaniyi, nkofunika kuti nthaka yomwe ikukula ikuyenera kukhala yonyowa nthawi zonse.
Mu theka lachiwiri la nyengo yakukula chitsamba chidzasinthidwa ndi chilala ndi kutentha, choncho kuthirira kungachepetse 1 nthawi pa sabata. Komabe, pofuna kuteteza kukongola kwa molinia m'madera kumene kulibe mvula m'chilimwe, kuthirira kumachitika kawiri kawiri (2 nthawi pa sabata).
Kaŵirikaŵiri, chaka chodziwikiratu, monga petunia, nasturtium, convolvulus, cornflowers, marigolds, amabzalidwa m'minda.
Kuswana
Chomerachi chikhoza kuchuluka m'njira ziwiri: ndi mbewu kapena vegetatively. Ndikofunika kuzindikira kuti mawonekedwe a hybrid akhoza kufalikira ndi njira zamasamba. Koma mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya zomera ingafalitsidwe ndi kugawa chitsamba (vegetatively), ndi mbewu.
Mbewu
Mbewu zipsa mu theka lachiwiri la mwezi wa August, panthawiyi zokolola zawo zimayamba. M'nyengo yozizira, mbewu zimasungidwa mu envelopu ya pepala kapena nsalu ya nsalu m'malo ouma, otentha, osagwirizana ndi dzuwa. Kufesa mbewu kumapezeka mu April kapena kumayambiriro kwa May (kwa kumpoto). Ndibwino kuti muyambe kutsogolo kwa makapu a peat. Pamene mzere wa pemphero ukuyamba kukula, umabzalidwa pa nthaka yotseguka ndi galasi.
Kumadera akum'mwera, kumene kulibe chisanu m'nyengo yozizira, mbande zimabzalidwa kumapeto kwa autumn (kumayambiriro kwa nyengo yozizira). Choyamba, sungani nthaka pang'ono, kenaka mubzalani nyembazo ndi kuziwaza ndi zochepetsetsa zapadziko lapansi. Tiyenera kukumbukira kuti pakadali pano sitiyenera kubzala zojambulazo, chifukwa mbewu zimakhala zovuta ndipo zidzasintha popanda mavuto m'chaka.
Ndikofunikira! Mbali za zomera zomwe zawonongeka ndi tizirombo ziyenera kuchotsedwa. Apo ayi, zowola zidzafalikira ku minofu yathanzi.
Zamasamba
Kudzera mwa zomera, zamoyo zonse ndi mitundu yambiri yowonjezera yowonjezera. Ndi bwino kugawa shrub ndi kuziika kumapeto kwa nyengo yachisanu kapena kumayambiriro kwa chilimwe. Masamba akuluakulu okha (zaka zitatu kapena kuposerapo) akhoza kugawidwa, monga zomera zing'onozing'ono zimatha kufa. Anthu okonda amalima amatha kunena kuti mutha kubzala munthu aliyense. Choncho, chitsamba chakale chikhoza kudulidwa bwino, kuphatikizapo zonsezi zikhale ndi zochuluka zedi zobzala.
Phokoso lolowera kumbali ya chitsamba sichiyenera kukhala lalikulu. Muli okwanira 30 cm masentimita ndi ofanana mwake. Pansi pa dzenje, muyenera kuika manyowa kapena supuni ya tiyi ya fetereza yovuta. Mutabzala, mphukira yopatulidwa imathiriridwa (ndizotheka kuti mulch ndi nthaka, udzu kapena humus).
Panthawi yonseyi, zomera zoterezi zidzakondwera ndi zokongoletsera mosalekeza: host, Badan, astilba, geykher, hellebore, stonecrop, viola, tradescantia.
Zima
Zomera za mtundu uwu popanda kulimbana ndi kuzizira kwa -15 ° C. Ngati nyengo yowopsa kwambiri ikupezeka m'derali, ndiye kuti ndibwino kuti muzitha kuphimba udzu ndi chisanu, chisanadze mulingo ndi singano kapena masamba osakanikirana.
Kum'mwera kwa madera ndi madontho otentha ndi mvula yowonongeka mumadzi a mvula, mzere wa mgodi ukuyenera kuchitidwa ndi fungicides. Izi zachitika kumapeto kwa autumn. Cholinga chachikulu cha ndondomekoyi ndi kuteteza chitsamba kuchokera ku matenda opatsirana omwe amapita kumalo ozizira pamlengalenga komanso kutentha kwa nthaka.
Zingakhale zovuta kukula
Pamene mukukula zomera izi zokongola nthawi zambiri mavuto. Molinea imadziletsa mosamala, imapirira chisanu ndi chilala popanda mavuto, komanso sikusowa madzi okwanira nthawi zonse. Purple Marsh Grass ndi yokongola yokongola shrub kwa iwo omwe sangakwanitse kusamalira nyumba zawo.
Tizilombo, matenda ndi kupewa
Nthawi zambiri Molinia amawonongeka ndi matenda osiyanasiyana ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda.. Kawirikawiri izi zimachitika ngati udzu sulandidwe ndi mapangidwe apadera. Popanda mankhwala oyenera, Molinia akhoza kugwidwa ndi nsabwe za m'masamba, kapena matenda monga powdery mildew ndi anthracnose.
Pofuna kuteteza udzu wokongola kuchokera ku matenda a fungal ndi tizilombo toononga, tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tiyenera kuchitidwa (makamaka m'madera okhala ndi mphepo nthawi zonse, nthawi zambiri mankhwala amafunika kukhala 1 nthawi pamwezi). Pakati pa chilimwe m'nyengo yozizira, kangaude amatha kugwa pansi. Koma ngati chomeracho chikuchiritsidwa ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, nkhupaku sizingathe kulimbana nayo. Chithandizo chodziletsa chikuchitika pachaka mu kasupe kapena m'dzinja.
Mukudziwa? Zilonda za masamba a m'mphepete mwa buluu za Molini zimatha kutseka nthawi yochepa. Mitengoyi inaphunzira kugwiritsa ntchito malowa: udzu wabzalidwa kuti upeze tizilombo toyambitsa tizilombo. Choncho, tsamba lolembera mndandanda wa mzere umakhala mtundu wa msampha.
Moline akhoza kuukiridwa ndi tizirombo kuchokera pansi. Mitengo yosasinthika ikhoza kuyambitsa mphutsi ya grub. Mphukira ndi masamba a masamba zimayambitsa nkhonya kapena kupopera kachilomboka. Pofuna kupewa tizilombo kuti tisawononge nthaka, njira zothandizira zowononga nthawi zonse ziyenera kuchitidwa chifukwa cha mphukira komanso mizu ndi zokonzekera pogwiritsa ntchito Imidacloprid. Kuchuluka kwa mankhwala - masiku 40-60 kuyambira kuyambira m'ma April.
Ndi zophweka kuti tikulitse chivundikiro cha pansi pa tsamba lanu, ngakhale woyambira m'munda wa floriculture akhoza kuchigwira. Ndikofunika kudzala chomera pamalo abwino kuti chomera chikhale chosangalatsa komanso chosasokoneza zonse zokongoletsera za munda.
